Table 102.45.

Percentage of related children ages 5 to 17 living in poverty, by locale, region, and state: 2018

[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Region and state	Total			Locale
				City												Suburban												Town												Rural
				Total			Large			Midsize			Small			Total			Large			Midsize			Small			Total			Fringe			Distant			Remote			Total			Fringe			Distant			Remote
1	2			3			4			5			6			7			8			9			10			11			12			13			14			15			16			17			18
United States	17.0		(0.11)	22.8		(0.21)	24.1		(0.28)	21.9		(0.34)	20.3		(0.37)	12.7		(0.13)	12.3		(0.13)	15.0		(0.46)	15.0		(0.63)	22.0		(0.34)	17.5		(0.60)	23.8		(0.48)	23.9		(0.58)	14.7		(0.18)	11.3		(0.25)	17.2		(0.24)	22.0		(0.45)
Northeast	15.0		(0.16)	26.9		(0.45)	26.2		(0.56)	33.5		(1.35)	25.6		(1.17)	10.1		(0.19)	9.9		(0.20)	11.0		(0.82)	12.4		(1.30)	17.6		(0.85)	15.7		(1.40)	19.6		(1.29)	18.6		(2.15)	9.3		(0.28)	6.5		(0.32)	13.5		(0.62)	17.2		(1.76)
Connecticut	13.3		(0.61)	25.3		(1.43)	‡		(†)	30.0		(2.33)	19.7		(2.10)	9.4		(0.77)	8.6		(0.79)	12.4		(2.11)	‡		(†)	18.2		(5.21)	18.2		(5.21)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	1.9	!	(0.63)	1.8	!	(0.65)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
Maine	13.2		(1.01)	10.0		(2.56)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	10.0		(2.56)	14.1	!	(4.24)	‡		(†)	7.9	!	(3.40)	26.3	!	(8.77)	18.5		(4.69)	7.5	!	(3.74)	23.0	!	(9.18)	20.9	!	(7.33)	12.5		(1.17)	7.1		(1.56)	14.6		(1.96)	20.0		(2.90)
Massachusetts	11.3		(0.53)	23.3		(1.76)	25.7		(2.92)	30.7		(3.33)	7.8		(1.91)	9.3		(0.54)	9.2		(0.59)	10.1		(1.67)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	4.7		(1.00)	4.1		(0.98)	11.6	!	(4.65)	‡		(†)
New Hampshire	9.3		(1.00)	17.7		(3.32)	‡		(†)	21.1		(4.89)	13.1	!	(5.53)	7.1		(1.73)	‡		(†)	7.6		(2.21)	9.1	!	(3.99)	14.8		(4.01)	14.6	!	(5.60)	‡		(†)	20.6	!	(10.09)	6.7		(1.14)	6.0		(1.59)	7.6		(1.47)	8.1	!	(4.01)
New Jersey	12.8		(0.45)	33.4		(2.23)	30.2		(2.98)	‡		(†)	36.9		(3.16)	10.4		(0.44)	10.3		(0.44)	17.3		(4.48)	7.6	!	(2.59)	17.4		(3.60)	17.4		(3.60)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	3.1		(0.80)	2.7		(0.80)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
New York	17.7		(0.35)	25.1		(0.60)	24.2		(0.61)	44.8		(2.93)	25.3		(2.37)	9.8		(0.44)	9.8		(0.44)	15.7		(3.00)	8.5		(2.03)	19.1		(1.48)	15.1		(2.90)	22.7		(2.22)	15.6		(4.26)	11.5		(0.67)	8.2		(0.85)	15.0		(0.92)	19.5		(3.99)
Pennsylvania	16.0		(0.37)	33.9		(1.30)	34.6		(1.69)	28.8		(5.77)	33.5		(2.20)	10.4		(0.49)	10.1		(0.49)	8.9		(1.48)	15.7		(2.14)	17.4		(1.28)	16.4		(2.05)	17.2		(2.12)	23.2		(3.73)	10.6		(0.61)	8.2		(0.69)	14.5		(1.04)	21.8		(3.68)
Rhode Island	16.7		(1.44)	29.3		(3.51)	‡		(†)	38.1		(4.76)	6.9	!	(2.85)	13.9		(1.89)	14.1		(1.92)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
Vermont	11.2		(1.42)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	9.9	!	(4.61)	‡		(†)	9.9	!	(4.61)	‡		(†)	16.5		(4.80)	‡		(†)	23.8		(6.39)	‡		(†)	9.8		(1.43)	8.1		(2.29)	10.5		(2.11)	10.5	!	(3.20)
Midwest	15.4		(0.17)	24.2		(0.39)	27.4		(0.64)	21.3		(0.80)	20.4		(0.59)	11.7		(0.28)	11.3		(0.29)	13.4		(0.98)	15.6		(1.15)	17.2		(0.45)	14.0		(0.85)	18.4		(0.60)	17.9		(0.78)	10.9		(0.25)	7.0		(0.36)	12.4		(0.39)	16.6		(0.51)
Illinois	15.2		(0.40)	22.0		(0.94)	23.6		(1.33)	22.3		(1.90)	17.1		(1.86)	11.9		(0.51)	11.5		(0.50)	10.3		(2.74)	20.8		(3.51)	19.7		(1.24)	13.2		(2.15)	22.4		(1.87)	21.5		(3.16)	9.8		(0.59)	5.9		(0.81)	11.4		(0.87)	20.0		(2.83)
Indiana	16.5		(0.51)	22.6		(1.27)	22.4		(1.67)	25.9		(3.12)	21.9		(1.70)	14.5		(0.90)	14.7		(1.05)	10.2		(2.42)	19.7		(3.81)	19.5		(1.30)	14.8		(2.74)	21.5		(1.71)	‡		(†)	10.8		(0.86)	9.6		(1.33)	11.7		(1.09)	13.1	!	(6.05)
Iowa	12.6		(0.66)	20.3		(1.60)	‡		(†)	19.9		(2.13)	20.8		(2.49)	7.6		(1.51)	5.4		(1.31)	13.7	!	(4.23)	‡		(†)	13.0		(1.67)	7.5	!	(2.76)	16.5		(2.88)	11.2		(1.81)	8.8		(0.85)	3.1		(0.70)	10.6		(1.30)	10.9		(1.59)
Kansas	13.7		(0.69)	16.4		(1.48)	18.7		(2.47)	15.5		(1.94)	10.6		(2.88)	7.0		(1.49)	6.6		(1.52)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	19.3		(1.82)	19.9		(4.00)	23.7		(3.84)	16.4		(2.09)	10.4		(0.85)	5.8		(1.24)	10.0		(1.46)	15.7		(1.56)
Michigan	18.0		(0.41)	31.1		(1.07)	46.9		(2.65)	28.2		(2.26)	22.9		(1.36)	14.5		(0.71)	14.0		(0.78)	14.1		(1.83)	19.9		(2.42)	17.5		(1.54)	16.2		(2.46)	17.1		(2.08)	19.4		(2.64)	10.9		(0.52)	7.0		(0.63)	13.7		(0.93)	19.1		(1.60)
Minnesota	11.0		(0.48)	17.6		(1.42)	24.9		(2.02)	4.5	!	(2.01)	10.0		(2.18)	8.6		(0.90)	7.9		(0.84)	20.7		(5.33)	‡		(†)	13.8		(1.23)	7.0		(1.75)	11.2		(1.84)	24.3		(2.47)	7.6		(0.52)	4.4		(0.79)	6.7		(0.67)	13.4		(1.16)
Missouri	17.1		(0.62)	24.2		(1.70)	26.6		(2.69)	20.4		(3.52)	20.6		(2.85)	13.1		(1.08)	13.2		(1.14)	‡		(†)	11.4		(2.65)	21.5		(1.70)	11.3		(2.74)	23.3		(2.56)	25.0		(2.79)	15.7		(1.00)	9.3		(1.42)	18.5		(1.47)	22.6		(1.99)
Nebraska	11.2		(0.71)	14.8		(1.50)	14.4		(1.61)	‡		(†)	19.9	!	(6.06)	5.7		(1.31)	4.5		(1.21)	28.5	!	(13.27)	‡		(†)	11.7		(1.46)	‡		(†)	8.3		(1.68)	13.9		(2.32)	8.8		(0.89)	6.9	!	(2.56)	8.1		(1.14)	10.4		(1.45)
North Dakota	8.6		(0.95)	8.6		(2.37)	‡		(†)	9.1	!	(3.49)	8.2	!	(3.35)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	6.1		(1.74)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	6.3		(1.83)	9.4		(1.09)	‡		(†)	10.3		(2.40)	13.0		(1.85)
Ohio	18.0		(0.45)	36.3		(1.17)	35.7		(1.44)	35.7		(3.58)	39.2		(2.45)	11.7		(0.59)	10.9		(0.61)	26.7		(4.15)	16.4		(2.22)	20.4		(1.16)	21.0		(2.27)	20.2		(1.33)	‡		(†)	12.2		(0.72)	8.3		(0.90)	15.7		(1.11)	40.5	!	(12.25)
South Dakota	15.1		(0.86)	14.8		(2.32)	‡		(†)	8.1		(1.82)	30.6		(5.45)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	12.3		(2.05)	‡		(†)	10.8	!	(3.59)	15.5		(2.89)	17.5		(1.26)	9.4	!	(3.55)	8.1		(2.24)	24.6		(2.11)
Wisconsin	12.8		(0.45)	23.2		(1.34)	29.5		(2.17)	18.5		(4.73)	16.1		(1.78)	7.0		(0.76)	6.2		(0.89)	9.2		(1.48)	4.2	!	(1.48)	12.4		(1.09)	10.9		(2.10)	11.1		(1.29)	32.1		(6.25)	8.8		(0.52)	4.4		(0.58)	10.5		(0.89)	15.4		(1.19)
South	19.5		(0.17)	24.6		(0.37)	25.6		(0.54)	25.1		(0.59)	21.9		(0.65)	14.5		(0.23)	14.1		(0.25)	16.2		(0.70)	19.2		(1.22)	28.1		(0.62)	20.0		(1.06)	29.9		(0.76)	33.7		(1.07)	18.4		(0.28)	14.8		(0.37)	21.5		(0.45)	26.8		(0.99)
Alabama	22.7		(0.63)	29.7		(1.58)	‡		(†)	33.8		(1.91)	22.4		(2.38)	15.4		(1.46)	16.4		(1.69)	18.6	!	(6.51)	7.7		(1.93)	28.4		(2.43)	15.8		(4.63)	33.3		(2.59)	24.7	!	(8.01)	21.3		(1.11)	16.7		(1.43)	22.8		(1.81)	38.7		(4.34)
Arkansas	22.7		(0.97)	23.9		(2.07)	‡		(†)	27.1		(4.72)	23.0		(2.17)	18.8		(2.35)	13.4		(2.21)	19.8	!	(7.87)	40.9		(7.53)	33.8		(2.91)	44.5		(11.21)	34.2		(3.35)	30.9		(4.23)	19.2		(1.29)	11.9		(1.52)	23.6		(2.21)	28.0		(3.56)
Delaware	18.2		(1.65)	33.2		(5.62)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	33.2		(5.62)	14.8		(2.07)	13.7		(2.12)	18.7	!	(6.88)	20.1	!	(8.10)	21.3		(5.63)	25.9		(7.19)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	17.5		(3.22)	17.1		(3.26)	20.6	!	(9.38)	‡		(†)
District of     Columbia	24.7		(2.93)	24.7		(2.93)	24.7		(2.93)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
Florida	18.5		(0.39)	21.3		(0.80)	22.2		(1.27)	20.5		(1.75)	20.6		(1.52)	17.2		(0.51)	16.9		(0.57)	18.7		(1.63)	22.2		(3.33)	27.9		(2.70)	20.4		(3.62)	34.1		(3.70)	37.2		(8.75)	15.9		(1.36)	12.3		(1.40)	24.3		(2.64)	25.9	!	(7.80)
Georgia	19.5		(0.45)	24.5		(1.25)	32.4		(3.54)	25.1		(1.66)	19.3		(1.93)	15.2		(0.52)	14.6		(0.56)	21.8		(3.90)	21.6		(3.16)	33.1		(1.96)	21.5		(3.07)	34.3		(2.71)	49.4		(4.85)	20.1		(0.99)	17.3		(1.48)	23.3		(1.53)	32.3		(4.97)
Kentucky	22.0		(0.77)	25.0		(1.88)	24.0		(2.07)	‡		(†)	30.1		(3.63)	12.5		(1.27)	10.0		(1.55)	30.0		(5.55)	17.5		(5.12)	24.8		(1.90)	12.3		(3.22)	25.0		(2.30)	29.6		(4.15)	22.8		(1.17)	16.2		(1.89)	25.7		(1.64)	30.6		(3.06)
Louisiana	24.9		(0.81)	30.4		(1.91)	33.8		(3.30)	30.8		(2.58)	26.1		(3.90)	18.8		(1.22)	19.2		(1.52)	16.8		(2.54)	19.1		(2.92)	38.7		(2.63)	38.1		(4.02)	36.6		(3.43)	49.9		(5.39)	21.4		(1.37)	17.4		(1.77)	23.9		(2.50)	42.0		(5.08)
Maryland	11.1		(0.56)	19.6		(1.53)	25.7		(2.80)	‡		(†)	14.4		(1.87)	9.5		(0.63)	9.8		(0.72)	6.6		(1.18)	12.4		(3.10)	8.1		(1.99)	4.1	!	(1.43)	13.5	!	(4.21)	‡		(†)	7.5		(1.11)	4.6		(0.88)	15.9		(3.77)	‡		(†)
Mississippi	26.7		(0.86)	40.9		(3.17)	‡		(†)	38.0		(4.73)	43.8		(4.11)	13.1		(1.39)	6.3		(1.39)	24.4		(5.16)	24.5		(6.16)	42.6		(2.38)	30.0	!	(13.50)	40.0		(5.59)	44.4		(2.56)	22.1		(1.47)	15.2		(1.90)	24.0		(2.00)	27.8		(2.90)
North Carolina	19.0		(0.44)	21.9		(1.03)	19.3		(1.44)	30.9		(2.12)	19.5		(2.27)	11.2		(0.77)	9.1		(0.80)	16.0		(1.69)	15.1	!	(6.29)	28.8		(1.50)	26.6		(2.75)	31.2		(1.60)	‡		(†)	19.8		(0.82)	17.1		(0.94)	23.2		(1.34)	25.9		(5.81)
Oklahoma	20.1		(0.61)	27.3		(1.53)	27.4		(1.59)	‡		(†)	25.8		(5.15)	11.3		(1.05)	11.2		(0.99)	12.1	!	(3.75)	‡		(†)	25.2		(1.37)	13.9		(3.29)	24.1		(1.72)	29.2		(2.67)	16.8		(0.75)	11.8		(1.16)	18.8		(1.06)	21.5		(1.77)
South Carolina	21.8		(0.78)	28.1		(2.22)	‡		(†)	30.3		(3.47)	26.5		(2.88)	16.8		(1.19)	16.3		(1.19)	14.6		(2.45)	27.2		(4.52)	35.3		(3.22)	18.9		(4.79)	39.2		(3.77)	70.4	!	(24.03)	22.2		(1.30)	17.8		(1.59)	27.8		(2.22)	41.6		(12.09)
Tennessee	20.4		(0.64)	30.0		(1.58)	35.5		(2.35)	20.8		(2.14)	24.9		(2.61)	10.3		(0.90)	8.9		(1.00)	19.7		(3.62)	16.3		(4.59)	22.8		(1.84)	12.2		(2.23)	28.9		(2.89)	23.0		(3.97)	17.1		(0.86)	15.3		(1.13)	19.1		(1.65)	21.6		(4.10)
Texas	20.2		(0.33)	25.0		(0.52)	26.4		(0.66)	21.6		(1.17)	21.0		(1.63)	15.9		(0.54)	15.7		(0.61)	17.1		(1.54)	18.8		(4.35)	24.8		(1.17)	17.2		(1.98)	25.6		(1.69)	29.7		(2.33)	14.8		(0.68)	13.1		(0.91)	16.2		(1.17)	19.9		(1.78)
Virginia	12.6		(0.48)	18.7		(1.18)	7.1		(1.57)	22.6		(1.93)	21.5		(2.37)	8.2		(0.60)	8.1		(0.62)	7.7		(1.89)	11.9		(3.41)	21.3		(2.72)	15.2		(4.29)	25.8		(3.69)	17.1	!	(8.34)	14.0		(1.03)	11.8		(1.71)	15.1		(1.23)	23.1		(4.74)
West Virginia	22.8		(1.29)	21.3		(3.95)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	21.3		(3.95)	18.1		(3.08)	‡		(†)	17.4		(3.63)	19.4		(4.69)	25.7		(3.17)	22.1	!	(6.82)	28.0		(3.68)	20.4	!	(7.15)	24.0		(1.54)	22.1		(2.04)	26.1		(2.72)	23.4		(5.40)
West	15.6		(0.16)	18.0		(0.31)	19.6		(0.39)	16.0		(0.57)	15.4		(0.60)	12.8		(0.24)	12.5		(0.25)	16.3		(0.83)	11.4		(0.96)	19.2		(0.65)	18.1		(1.32)	19.5		(1.18)	19.9		(1.02)	14.2		(0.44)	10.2		(0.69)	15.0		(0.93)	24.6		(0.87)
Alaska	12.4		(1.36)	11.8		(2.66)	12.2		(3.04)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	8.7	!	(2.73)	‡		(†)	10.5	!	(4.81)	7.5	!	(3.52)	16.3		(1.55)	5.0	!	(1.77)	10.2	!	(3.27)	26.1		(2.21)
Arizona	19.0		(0.55)	21.2		(0.93)	22.8		(1.10)	9.6		(2.40)	17.4		(3.31)	12.7		(0.85)	11.6		(0.89)	15.8		(3.35)	20.5		(4.52)	26.0		(2.02)	18.6		(3.93)	20.7		(3.97)	33.3		(3.43)	24.0		(1.65)	17.8		(2.39)	21.2		(4.47)	40.0		(3.34)
California	16.9		(0.23)	18.8		(0.39)	20.6		(0.46)	16.0		(0.94)	16.4		(0.94)	14.5		(0.32)	14.4		(0.35)	17.5		(1.47)	11.6		(1.21)	24.1		(1.37)	25.2		(2.29)	23.3		(1.90)	22.6		(2.96)	15.2		(1.24)	11.7		(1.31)	21.5		(2.57)	22.2		(4.12)
Colorado	11.3		(0.57)	15.4		(1.22)	15.1		(1.44)	16.1		(1.91)	16.5		(4.48)	8.3		(0.67)	7.7		(0.78)	22.2		(4.81)	3.3	!	(1.12)	13.5		(1.53)	‡		(†)	17.2	!	(5.23)	16.1		(2.08)	7.9		(1.05)	5.8		(1.38)	6.0		(1.45)	15.7		(2.48)
Hawaii	10.3		(0.98)	10.5		(2.02)	12.2		(2.43)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	8.2		(1.39)	8.5		(1.60)	6.9	!	(2.49)	‡		(†)	13.1		(2.57)	4.0	!	(1.77)	‡		(†)	17.5		(3.82)	15.4		(4.34)	13.0	!	(5.64)	‡		(†)	29.2	!	(11.95)
Idaho	13.0		(1.08)	14.0		(2.40)	‡		(†)	16.0		(3.68)	12.2		(2.89)	10.6		(1.68)	5.3	!	(1.71)	16.5		(3.36)	10.6	!	(4.49)	18.5		(3.24)	‡		(†)	15.4		(2.92)	23.3		(5.79)	11.4		(1.50)	7.8		(2.13)	11.3		(2.14)	19.8		(3.66)
Montana	14.1		(1.21)	13.2		(2.29)	‡		(†)	13.7		(3.16)	12.7	!	(3.87)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	14.5		(2.69)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	15.6		(2.85)	15.3		(1.43)	8.3		(2.21)	17.0		(3.39)	18.6		(2.33)
Nevada	16.6		(0.69)	16.6		(0.95)	18.0		(1.28)	14.2		(1.83)	9.7	!	(4.68)	17.9		(1.33)	18.0		(1.33)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	9.5	!	(3.16)	‡		(†)	10.9	!	(5.39)	7.6	!	(2.84)	14.0		(2.65)	7.2	!	(3.30)	22.4	!	(8.05)	24.1	!	(7.79)
New Mexico	24.9		(1.11)	25.1		(2.31)	24.0		(2.72)	41.9		(8.17)	17.3		(4.09)	21.7		(2.58)	20.6		(2.90)	33.6	!	(11.34)	18.5		(5.30)	26.0		(2.30)	28.5		(8.49)	19.9	!	(6.32)	26.8		(2.36)	25.7		(2.55)	16.9		(4.07)	22.2		(4.89)	40.8		(4.03)
Oregon	14.3		(0.72)	15.1		(1.59)	9.6		(2.48)	18.7		(2.65)	18.0		(2.84)	13.6		(1.34)	10.6		(1.49)	22.7		(3.79)	18.7	!	(5.84)	15.6		(1.56)	9.3		(2.35)	21.6		(3.15)	16.2		(3.18)	12.7		(1.30)	8.8		(1.69)	16.1		(2.93)	21.8		(4.60)
Utah	8.9		(0.60)	14.3		(2.29)	‡		(†)	18.0		(3.96)	11.8		(2.12)	7.6		(0.73)	7.6		(0.77)	‡		(†)	8.5	!	(3.14)	8.2		(1.57)	15.0	!	(5.15)	5.5	!	(2.12)	9.0		(2.17)	8.7		(1.30)	4.1	!	(1.49)	9.6		(2.39)	25.8		(3.61)
Washington	11.7		(0.50)	13.8		(1.06)	10.7		(2.44)	14.8		(1.35)	14.2		(1.68)	9.1		(0.65)	8.2		(0.77)	11.0		(1.81)	14.7		(2.65)	16.9		(1.81)	11.0		(3.14)	19.3		(2.70)	19.7		(3.57)	11.3		(1.12)	10.4		(1.62)	9.8		(1.28)	22.8		(3.80)
Wyoming	12.4		(1.44)	12.0		(3.05)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	12.0		(3.05)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	14.1		(2.84)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	14.1		(2.84)	11.4		(2.17)	7.5	!	(3.08)	11.3	!	(5.40)	13.5		(3.36)

†Not applicable.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.

NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the entire population residing within the United States, but this table includes only 5- to 17-year-old related children. Related children include all children who live in a household and are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption (except a child who is the spouse of the householder). The householder is the person (or one of the people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. This table excludes unrelated children and householders who are themselves under the age of 18. Poverty status is determined by the Census Bureau using a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition. For additional information about poverty status, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey Education Tabulation (ACS-ED), 2018, Custom Tabulated Data File. (This table was prepared April 2020.)