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| 2018 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 604.30. | Employment rates and mean monthly earnings of 25- to 65-year-olds, by literacy proficiency level, numeracy proficiency level, and country or other education system: 2012 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country or other education system1 | Total population of 25- to 65-year-olds | Proficiency level2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| At or below level 1 | At level 2 | At level 3 | At level 4 or level 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Employment rate of labor force3 | Mean monthly earnings (in current dollars)4 |
Employment rate of labor force3 | Mean monthly earnings (in current dollars)4 |
Employment rate of labor force3 | Mean monthly earnings (in current dollars)4 |
Employment rate of labor force3 | Mean monthly earnings (in current dollars)4 |
Employment rate of labor force3 | Mean monthly earnings (in current dollars)4 |
|||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||||||||||
| Literacy | ||||||||||||||||||||
| OECD average5 | 93.7 | (0.08) | $2,930 | (9) | 89.7 | (0.36) | $2,170 | (24) | 93.1 | (0.19) | $2,580 | (16) | 95.1 | (0.16) | $3,140 | (16) | 96.4 | (0.30) | $3,740 | (36) |
| Austria | 96.2 | (0.38) | — | (†) | 92.9 | (1.54) | — | (†) | 96.0 | (0.79) | — | (†) | 97.2 | (0.60) | — | (†) | 97.8 | (1.28) | — | (†) |
| Canada | 95.9 | (0.22) | — | (†) | 93.7 | (0.92) | — | (†) | 95.4 | (0.55) | — | (†) | 96.7 | (0.46) | — | (†) | 97.3 | (0.61) | — | (†) |
| Czech Republic | 94.2 | (0.20) | 1,620 | (22) | 91.3 | (2.62) | 1,320 | (66) | 92.6 | (0.93) | 1,470 | (43) | 95.6 | (0.87) | 1,720 | (43) | 97.7 | (1.39) | 2,030 | (96) |
| Denmark | 94.5 | (0.38) | 4,090 | (28) | 90.8 | (1.45) | 3,210 | (84) | 94.5 | (0.75) | 3,730 | (53) | 95.0 | (0.62) | 4,390 | (58) | 96.4 | (1.44) | 4,850 | (139) |
| England (UK) | 94.0 | (0.08) | 3,180 | (43) | 87.5 | (1.65) | 2,140 | (108) | 92.5 | (0.91) | 2,610 | (91) | 96.2 | (0.55) | 3,440 | (96) | 97.3 | (0.79) | 4,380 | (151) |
| Estonia | 93.4 | (0.34) | 1,750 | (25) | 89.5 | (1.48) | 1,420 | (75) | 92.1 | (0.75) | 1,560 | (42) | 94.5 | (0.53) | 1,820 | (41) | 97.4 | (0.74) | 2,260 | (87) |
| Finland | 95.5 | (0.39) | 3,250 | (18) | 92.5 | (2.04) | 2,670 | (120) | 95.3 | (0.84) | 2,920 | (56) | 95.8 | (0.59) | 3,330 | (43) | 96.1 | (0.63) | 3,590 | (56) |
| Flanders (Belgium) | 98.0 | (0.21) | 3,650 | (35) | 96.5 | (0.93) | 2,790 | (106) | 97.4 | (0.55) | 3,220 | (67) | 98.6 | (0.40) | 3,860 | (69) | 98.9 | (0.68) | 4,470 | (151) |
| France | 92.9 | (0.19) | 2,490 | (17) | 89.4 | (1.08) | 1,910 | (39) | 92.9 | (0.66) | 2,340 | (33) | 94.3 | (0.64) | 2,760 | (33) | 95.0 | (1.39) | 3,270 | (84) |
| Germany | 95.2 | (0.40) | — | (†) | 91.1 | (1.53) | — | (†) | 94.9 | (0.84) | — | (†) | 96.3 | (0.63) | — | (†) | 98.3 | (0.73) | — | (†) |
| Ireland | 89.2 | (0.53) | 3,410 | (52) | 83.6 | (1.95) | 2,370 | (106) | 86.7 | (1.12) | 2,950 | (68) | 92.0 | (1.02) | 3,820 | (90) | 95.8 | (1.36) | 4,610 | (206) |
| Italy | 87.7 | (0.66) | 2,510 | (36) | 84.1 | (1.91) | 2,290 | (103) | 87.2 | (1.30) | 2,360 | (68) | 90.8 | (1.34) | 2,800 | (75) | 93.5 | (3.39) | 3,140 | (248) |
| Japan | 97.6 | (0.22) | 3,000 | (37) | 98.9 | (1.01) | 2,210 | (199) | 99.1 | (0.63) | 2,540 | (84) | 97.5 | (0.45) | 3,000 | (60) | 96.2 | (0.83) | 3,550 | (100) |
| Korea, Republic of | 96.8 | (0.27) | 3,000 | (32) | 97.4 | (0.86) | 2,180 | (86) | 97.0 | (0.53) | 2,820 | (60) | 96.7 | (0.59) | 3,290 | (63) | 95.5 | (1.71) | 3,960 | (133) |
| Netherlands | 95.8 | (0.41) | 3,490 | (30) | 91.5 | (2.00) | 2,350 | (117) | 94.7 | (0.93) | 2,930 | (75) | 97.0 | (0.59) | 3,640 | (63) | 96.8 | (0.88) | 4,230 | (90) |
| Northern Ireland (UK) | 94.7 | (0.49) | 2,750 | (42) | 90.6 | (2.03) | 1,820 | (90) | 94.4 | (0.96) | 2,330 | (96) | 95.9 | (1.01) | 3,070 | (92) | 96.0 | (2.10) | 3,870 | (188) |
| Norway | 97.1 | (0.31) | 4,090 | (30) | 93.6 | (1.66) | 2,910 | (110) | 96.8 | (0.74) | 3,630 | (66) | 97.6 | (0.45) | 4,340 | (56) | 98.8 | (0.65) | 4,850 | (99) |
| Poland | 91.9 | (0.49) | 1,610 | (22) | 88.0 | (1.75) | 1,260 | (56) | 90.8 | (1.08) | 1,430 | (52) | 93.9 | (0.89) | 1,780 | (56) | 95.5 | (1.56) | 2,190 | (90) |
| Slovak Republic | 90.7 | (0.48) | 1,570 | (25) | 79.6 | (2.60) | 1,060 | (63) | 90.4 | (1.06) | 1,380 | (39) | 92.5 | (0.80) | 1,700 | (46) | 93.3 | (2.09) | 2,110 | (150) |
| Spain | 82.7 | (0.63) | 2,390 | (32) | 75.1 | (1.60) | 1,910 | (55) | 82.5 | (1.32) | 2,260 | (48) | 87.4 | (1.19) | 2,680 | (61) | 92.1 | (2.30) | 3,280 | (157) |
| Sweden | 94.9 | (0.44) | — | (†) | 85.3 | (2.21) | — | (†) | 94.2 | (1.01) | — | (†) | 96.3 | (0.69) | — | (†) | 98.4 | (0.73) | — | (†) |
| United States | 92.5 | (0.44) | 4,260 | (80) | 89.0 | (1.53) | 2,730 | (150) | 90.8 | (1.13) | 3,480 | (110) | 93.8 | (0.85) | 4,740 | (148) | 97.1 | (0.72) | 6,310 | (323) |
| Non-OECD education systems | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cyprus6 | 92.0 | (0.64) | 2,860 | (38) | 87.3 | (2.50) | 2,490 | (149) | 91.8 | (1.22) | 2,660 | (73) | 93.1 | (1.03) | 3,010 | (73) | 93.9 | (2.04) | 3,440 | (197) |
| Russian Federation7 | 94.9 | (1.02) | 840 | (25) | 95.0 | (2.53) | 790 | (55) | 95.9 | (1.48) | 770 | (31) | 95.0 | (1.33) | 870 | (36) | 91.7 | (2.82) | 1,000 | (61) |
| Numeracy | ||||||||||||||||||||
| OECD average5 | 93.7 | (0.08) | $2,930 | (9) | 88.8 | (0.36) | $2,110 | (21) | 93.2 | (0.20) | $2,560 | (16) | 95.5 | (0.17) | $3,180 | (18) | 97.0 | (0.27) | $3,940 | (38) |
| Austria | 96.2 | (0.38) | — | (†) | 92.7 | (1.56) | — | (†) | 95.9 | (0.79) | — | (†) | 97.0 | (0.56) | — | (†) | 97.6 | (0.88) | — | (†) |
| Canada | 95.9 | (0.22) | — | (†) | 93.0 | (0.83) | — | (†) | 95.7 | (0.57) | — | (†) | 96.8 | (0.54) | — | (†) | 98.4 | (0.58) | — | (†) |
| Czech Republic | 94.2 | (0.20) | 1,620 | (22) | 87.3 | (2.81) | 1,280 | (56) | 92.8 | (0.92) | 1,460 | (38) | 95.9 | (0.69) | 1,690 | (43) | 97.9 | (1.82) | 2,060 | (86) |
| Denmark | 94.5 | (0.38) | 4,090 | (28) | 89.4 | (1.72) | 3,100 | (84) | 93.2 | (1.02) | 3,580 | (66) | 95.6 | (0.60) | 4,210 | (64) | 96.8 | (0.77) | 4,980 | (98) |
| England (UK) | 94.0 | (0.08) | 3,180 | (43) | 87.6 | (1.25) | 2,120 | (90) | 94.1 | (0.83) | 2,690 | (81) | 96.5 | (0.74) | 3,650 | (102) | 97.6 | (0.87) | 4,530 | (179) |
| Estonia | 93.4 | (0.34) | 1,750 | (25) | 87.6 | (1.53) | 1,250 | (65) | 92.2 | (0.76) | 1,520 | (46) | 94.9 | (0.58) | 1,850 | (45) | 98.0 | (0.73) | 2,470 | (83) |
| Finland | 95.5 | (0.39) | 3,250 | (18) | 90.8 | (2.06) | 2,510 | (89) | 94.9 | (0.94) | 2,880 | (57) | 96.3 | (0.58) | 3,320 | (47) | 96.8 | (0.62) | 3,830 | (73) |
| Flanders (Belgium) | 98.0 | (0.21) | 3,650 | (35) | 96.8 | (0.99) | 2,640 | (96) | 97.4 | (0.62) | 3,100 | (65) | 98.5 | (0.39) | 3,740 | (57) | 98.5 | (0.51) | 4,650 | (129) |
| France | 92.9 | (0.19) | 2,490 | (17) | 89.1 | (0.87) | 1,850 | (31) | 92.4 | (0.75) | 2,300 | (32) | 95.5 | (0.84) | 2,860 | (37) | 95.7 | (1.42) | 3,440 | (87) |
| Germany | 95.2 | (0.40) | — | (†) | 89.8 | (1.52) | — | (†) | 94.5 | (0.89) | — | (†) | 96.4 | (0.65) | — | (†) | 98.8 | (0.58) | — | (†) |
| Ireland | 89.2 | (0.53) | 3,410 | (52) | 84.1 | (1.85) | 2,340 | (96) | 88.2 | (1.12) | 3,030 | (85) | 92.1 | (1.17) | 3,970 | (113) | 94.9 | (1.77) | 4,990 | (281) |
| Italy | 87.7 | (0.66) | 2,510 | (36) | 82.5 | (1.91) | 2,260 | (105) | 88.0 | (1.28) | 2,330 | (60) | 90.8 | (1.28) | 2,770 | (84) | 95.0 | (2.64) | 3,290 | (205) |
| Japan | 97.6 | (0.22) | 3,000 | (37) | 98.8 | (0.95) | 1,980 | (141) | 96.9 | (0.83) | 2,420 | (85) | 97.6 | (0.54) | 2,990 | (66) | 98.1 | (0.64) | 4,030 | (99) |
| Korea, Republic of | 96.8 | (0.27) | 3,000 | (32) | 96.4 | (0.85) | 2,210 | (72) | 96.8 | (0.52) | 2,880 | (61) | 96.9 | (0.61) | 3,370 | (68) | 97.1 | (1.17) | 4,040 | (145) |
| Netherlands | 95.8 | (0.41) | 3,490 | (30) | 90.1 | (1.95) | 2,280 | (116) | 95.5 | (0.92) | 2,900 | (79) | 96.9 | (0.57) | 3,650 | (70) | 97.2 | (0.96) | 4,470 | (106) |
| Northern Ireland (UK) | 94.7 | (0.49) | 2,750 | (42) | 91.2 | (1.54) | 1,810 | (81) | 94.5 | (1.19) | 2,400 | (70) | 96.4 | (1.06) | 3,230 | (107) | 96.0 | (2.39) | 3,990 | (213) |
| Norway | 97.1 | (0.31) | 4,090 | (30) | 92.9 | (1.65) | 2,880 | (119) | 96.6 | (0.77) | 3,480 | (69) | 97.9 | (0.45) | 4,250 | (61) | 98.5 | (0.56) | 5,110 | (101) |
| Poland | 91.9 | (0.49) | 1,610 | (22) | 86.5 | (1.75) | 1,260 | (53) | 91.8 | (1.15) | 1,430 | (38) | 94.0 | (0.86) | 1,800 | (49) | 96.4 | (1.47) | 2,290 | (107) |
| Slovak Republic | 90.7 | (0.48) | 1,570 | (25) | 75.3 | (2.92) | 1,030 | (62) | 89.5 | (1.12) | 1,320 | (52) | 93.4 | (0.77) | 1,660 | (43) | 94.9 | (1.41) | 2,090 | (94) |
| Spain | 82.7 | (0.63) | 2,390 | (32) | 74.2 | (1.59) | 1,830 | (51) | 82.7 | (1.45) | 2,270 | (53) | 88.9 | (1.51) | 2,800 | (68) | 93.3 | (2.70) | 3,300 | (170) |
| Sweden | 94.9 | (0.44) | — | (†) | 86.2 | (2.24) | — | (†) | 93.9 | (1.33) | — | (†) | 96.5 | (0.68) | — | (†) | 98.2 | (0.63) | — | (†) |
| United States | 92.5 | (0.44) | 4,260 | (80) | 88.2 | (1.36) | 2,760 | (94) | 91.3 | (1.13) | 3,690 | (120) | 95.6 | (0.92) | 5,110 | (157) | 98.1 | (0.71) | 6,780 | (370) |
| Non-OECD education systems | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cyprus6 | 92.0 | (0.64) | 2,860 | (38) | 86.6 | (2.24) | 2,250 | (112) | 91.7 | (1.26) | 2,630 | (75) | 93.4 | (1.04) | 3,050 | (74) | 95.9 | (1.57) | 3,640 | (163) |
| Russian Federation7 | 94.9 | (1.02) | 840 | (25) | 96.3 | (2.04) | 750 | (55) | 95.5 | (1.41) | 780 | (35) | 94.9 | (1.53) | 890 | (38) | 90.5 | (3.89) | 990 | (68) |
| —Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Most of the education systems represent complete countries, but three of them represent subnational entities: England (which is part of the United Kingdom), Flanders (which is part of Belgium), and Northern Ireland (which is part of the United Kingdom). | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 In this table, scores below level 1 and scores at level 1 are combined into the "at or below level 1" reporting category; scores at level 4 and scores at level 5 are combined into the "at level 4 or level 5" reporting category. For both literacy and numeracy, the proficiency-level reporting categories correspond to the score ranges shown in parentheses: at or below level 1 (0-225.9), at level 2 (226.0-275.9), at level 3 (276.0-325.9), at level 4 or level 5 (326.0-500.0). | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 The employment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is employed. The labor force consists of those who are employed as well as those who are unemployed but actively looking for work. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Mean monthly earnings for those who are employed. Data adjusted to U.S. dollars using the purchasing power parity (PPP) index. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and subnational education systems, to which each country or subnational education system reporting data contributes equally, with the exception of England (UK) and Northern Ireland (UK), which contribute to the mean as a combined entity, England/Northern Ireland (UK). | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Cyprus includes only the population under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 The Russian Federation does not include the population of the Moscow municipal region. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), 2012. (This table was prepared March 2016.) |
