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| Table 603.70. | Percentage of degrees at the bachelor’s level and above awarded in science and mathematics, information technologies, and engineering, by field of study, level of degree, and country: 2016 |
| Country | Total, all listed fields1 | Natural sciences, mathematics, and statistics | Information and communication technologies | Engineering, manufacturing, and construction | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bachelor’s | Master’s | Doctoral | Bachelor’s | Master’s | Doctoral | Bachelor’s | Master’s | Doctoral | Bachelor’s | Master’s | Doctoral | |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| OECD average2 | 22.8 | 22.5 | 44.0 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 23.5 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 13.5 | 13.2 | 16.8 |
| Australia | 17.5 | 20.0 | 42.2 | 7.7 | 2.7 | 21.9 | 3.1 | 7.0 | 3.8 | 6.7 | 10.3 | 16.5 |
| Austria | 27.4 | 25.3 | 50.1 | 8.5 | 6.9 | 20.2 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 24.7 |
| Belgium | 16.0 | 19.4 | 44.1 | 2.7 | 5.2 | 20.4 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 11.1 | 13.3 | 23.1 |
| Canada | 19.0 | 26.1 | 51.7 | 9.1 | 7.6 | 27.1 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 8.1 | 14.6 | 21.3 |
| Chile | 22.5 | 7.0 | 55.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 39.8 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 17.2 | 4.3 | 13.7 |
| Czech Republic | 24.0 | 26.7 | 47.5 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 22.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 14.7 | 17.3 | 21.7 |
| Denmark | 17.2 | 24.1 | 42.6 | 5.0 | 7.8 | 17.2 | 3.2 | 6.4 | 0.0 | 9.0 | 9.9 | 25.3 |
| Estonia | 24.0 | 32.4 | 55.6 | 5.8 | 7.5 | 30.1 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 11.6 | 19.1 | 18.8 |
| Finland | 28.5 | 30.0 | 43.4 | 3.1 | 6.6 | 18.1 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.8 | 18.5 | 16.2 | 17.5 |
| France | 20.6 | 27.8 | 62.8 | 9.6 | 7.4 | 44.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 7.4 | 17.0 | 13.5 |
| Germany | 36.2 | 34.8 | 44.8 | 6.2 | 11.9 | 28.6 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 25.0 | 18.7 | 12.7 |
| Greece | 27.7 | 29.2 | 32.5 | 6.8 | 14.0 | 11.0 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 18.2 | 10.5 | 17.9 |
| Hungary | 24.6 | 21.1 | 36.2 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 22.1 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 15.4 | 14.2 | 9.9 |
| Iceland | 22.7 | 11.7 | 40.3 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 26.4 | 7.4 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 11.0 | 6.5 | 12.5 |
| Ireland | 27.8 | 19.0 | 45.7 | 9.1 | 5.3 | 25.8 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 6.0 | 11.7 | 6.2 | 13.9 |
| Israel | 20.6 | 11.8 | 58.5 | 4.5 | 5.8 | 43.3 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 10.9 | 4.8 | 11.2 |
| Italy | 24.4 | 25.6 | 48.3 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 24.6 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 15.2 | 17.5 | 18.8 |
| Japan3 | 20.4 | 42.2 | 37.5 | 3.6 | 9.9 | 15.1 | — | — | — | 16.8 | 32.4 | 22.4 |
| Korea, Republic of | 32.5 | 22.9 | 39.9 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 13.4 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 22.9 | 16.2 | 25.3 |
| Latvia | 22.3 | 20.2 | 44.2 | 3.2 | 4.6 | 22.8 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 14.6 | 11.7 | 17.3 |
| Lithuania | 25.4 | 18.9 | 38.6 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 19.1 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 19.3 | 12.8 | 17.6 |
| Luxembourg | 15.2 | 13.3 | 55.1 | 3.9 | 5.7 | 24.3 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 17.8 | 6.9 | 2.1 | 13.1 |
| Mexico | 26.2 | 9.6 | 17.0 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 8.5 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 21.6 | 6.2 | 7.7 |
| Netherlands | 14.6 | 18.4 | — | 4.2 | 8.6 | — | 2.6 | 2.1 | — | 7.8 | 7.7 | — |
| New Zealand | 20.0 | 25.5 | 45.2 | 7.0 | 9.3 | 26.9 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 7.2 | 13.6 | 14.3 |
| Norway | 15.4 | 20.7 | 40.1 | 2.9 | 7.1 | 27.5 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 8.9 | 10.9 | 10.7 |
| Poland | 22.1 | 24.0 | 38.6 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 21.5 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 15.1 | 16.6 | 15.5 |
| Portugal | 25.9 | 33.6 | 42.7 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 18.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 18.9 | 25.8 | 21.3 |
| Slovak Republic | 21.9 | 19.8 | 38.2 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 17.1 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 12.2 | 12.5 | 17.9 |
| Slovenia | 26.5 | 21.4 | 24.5 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 6.9 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 5.0 | 18.6 | 14.5 | 12.7 |
| Spain | 21.7 | 20.6 | 48.1 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 34.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 5.6 | 13.1 | 14.3 | 8.3 |
| Sweden | 18.3 | 30.7 | 52.3 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 21.1 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 5.0 | 10.8 | 24.1 | 26.2 |
| Switzerland | 24.1 | 22.2 | 50.9 | 4.0 | 8.7 | 31.9 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 17.2 | 12.2 | 16.0 |
| Turkey | 18.5 | 16.8 | 38.5 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 19.9 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 13.9 | 10.3 | 18.0 |
| United Kingdom | 28.8 | 20.9 | 47.0 | 16.8 | 8.2 | 28.4 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 14.5 |
| United States | 20.2 | 15.9 | 41.7 | 9.8 | 4.0 | 23.7 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 2.8 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 15.2 |
| Other reporting countries |
||||||||||||
| Brazil | 16.0 | 28.8 | 31.7 | 2.0 | 11.0 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 10.7 | 15.3 | 14.9 |
| Colombia | 23.6 | 12.3 | 48.7 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 23.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 18.0 | 7.1 | 22.7 |
| Costa Rica | 14.6 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 5.0 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 7.7 | 1.8 | # |
| India | 31.4 | 32.9 | 41.5 | 13.7 | 12.4 | 28.0 | 5.0 | 13.0 | 2.0 | 12.8 | 7.4 | 11.4 |
| Russian Federation | 28.5 | 29.6 | 40.0 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 13.9 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 6.8 | 19.8 | 22.3 | 19.2 |
| Saudi Arabia | 18.9 | 5.2 | 19.8 | 10.3 | 2.7 | 13.0 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 3.6 |
| —Not available. | ||||||||||||
| # Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||||
| 1 Includes natural sciences, mathematics, and statistics; information and communication technologies; and engineering, manufacturing, and construction. | ||||||||||||
| 2 Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally. | ||||||||||||
| 3 Data on information and communication technologies are included in other fields. |
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| NOTE: Data in this table refer to degrees classified as International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011 level 6 (bachelor’s or equivalent degree), ISCED 2011 level 7 (master’s or equivalent degree), and ISCED 2011 level 8 (doctoral or equivalent degree). Degree fields were classified using ISCED Fields of Education and Training 2013 (ISCED-F 2013). Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database, retrieved October 31, 2018, from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. (This table was prepared October 2018.) |