Table 316.81.

Percentage of full-time faculty (instruction, research, and public service) with tenure at degree-granting postsecondary institutions with a tenure system, by control, level, and state: 2017-18

State	All institutions	Public institutions						Nonprofit institutions						For-profit institutions
		Total	4-year institutions				2-year	Total	4-year institutions				2-year
			Total	Doctoral1	Master's2	Other			Total	Doctoral1	Master's2	Other
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
United States	45.6	47.3	44.9	42.4	52.7	56.1	63.2	41.8	41.8	37.9	50.7	55.0	27.2	17.6
Alabama	45.8	47.0	41.2	40.7	41.2	75.3	72.9	36.6	36.6	42.1	35.2	27.9	†	†
Alaska	49.8	49.8	49.8	50.8	48.9	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Arizona	42.9	45.5	41.5	42.1	34.2	†	66.2	26.9	26.9	23.5	36.1	†	†	2.6
Arkansas	41.7	40.5	41.9	45.4	38.7	6.6	13.4	56.6	56.6	†	†	56.6	†	†
California	52.7	55.3	50.6	49.0	51.0	61.6	64.5	44.4	44.4	42.4	48.0	61.1	†	77.8
Colorado	33.9	32.6	31.0	28.1	50.9	49.5	73.5	45.2	45.2	41.9	59.1	†	†	†
Connecticut	44.2	57.2	54.9	47.0	67.6	†	67.4	35.9	35.9	33.6	45.8	52.9	†	37.5
Delaware	57.9	56.2	56.2	56.2	†	†	†	82.3	82.3	†	82.3	†	†	†
District of Columbia	47.9	51.7	51.7	52.0	51.7	†	†	47.7	47.7	47.8	43.3	†	†	†
Florida	42.0	45.3	44.9	37.8	40.4	62.5	72.6	30.6	30.6	26.5	38.1	42.8	†	46.2
Georgia	40.9	44.9	44.8	44.9	45.3	43.8	45.6	31.3	31.2	27.4	38.5	46.0	38.0	67.9
Hawaii	56.8	60.7	60.4	61.3	†	51.8	61.4	15.0	15.0	†	15.0	†	†	†
Idaho	46.7	46.4	45.1	45.4	†	41.2	66.0	50.8	50.8	†	51.0	50.6	†	†
Illinois	52.1	61.2	49.4	47.6	60.3	†	87.6	42.8	42.8	39.6	54.7	57.3	†	†
Indiana	46.2	43.8	43.8	43.9	44.9	25.8	†	51.9	52.1	49.4	52.2	63.9	5.3	‡
Iowa	49.9	48.5	48.5	47.2	57.9	†	†	52.9	52.9	53.2	46.6	60.5	†	29.8
Kansas	48.5	49.4	46.0	45.2	49.8	†	67.3	40.5	40.5	43.9	39.1	41.4	†	†
Kentucky	45.6	45.6	46.7	46.4	48.9	†	39.7	45.7	45.7	37.7	48.5	52.1	†	†
Louisiana	36.9	36.5	41.9	38.8	49.2	44.0	9.1	38.4	38.4	37.7	40.0	47.7	†	†
Maine	51.8	55.1	55.1	52.7	60.0	63.1	†	47.9	47.9	35.3	42.9	54.9	†	†
Maryland	32.8	35.1	36.9	34.0	55.0	54.4	26.3	28.5	28.5	25.0	54.8	50.4	†	†
Massachusetts	48.0	51.2	48.2	41.4	63.8	†	62.7	46.4	46.4	44.5	49.8	58.2	†	†
Michigan	48.5	47.8	46.4	45.3	56.8	74.4	77.2	54.4	54.4	47.7	58.7	55.2	†	†
Minnesota	61.7	64.7	55.9	52.3	61.4	58.3	86.5	53.8	53.8	49.2	53.7	59.3	†	†
Mississippi	37.1	37.5	37.5	37.1	41.7	†	†	34.0	34.0	24.7	48.9	53.8	†	†
Missouri	40.3	44.0	43.4	42.5	45.7	33.3	53.5	36.3	36.3	32.9	58.5	39.6	†	†
Montana	52.8	53.2	53.2	58.2	37.5	53.7	53.1	48.7	48.7	†	48.6	48.9	†	†
Nebraska	40.7	37.8	37.2	35.0	50.7	†	75.7	52.6	52.6	53.9	47.6	53.5	†	†
Nevada	48.7	48.7	48.0	43.3	†	61.5	61.6	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
New Hampshire	55.8	56.3	56.3	52.5	65.1	45.9	†	55.2	55.2	55.8	30.3	60.8	†	†
New Jersey	52.9	52.9	47.6	42.5	70.6	†	76.4	53.1	53.1	52.6	53.8	59.8	†	†
New Mexico	41.2	40.7	39.8	39.4	41.5	40.5	47.4	80.5	80.5	†	80.5	†	†	†
New York	45.9	59.6	56.7	50.1	64.3	53.9	67.7	37.7	37.7	33.4	58.5	58.5	50.0	†
North Carolina	42.9	47.6	47.6	46.9	51.5	53.4	†	35.7	35.7	32.6	47.9	46.9	†	†
North Dakota	49.3	49.3	48.8	48.5	52.0	48.1	54.0	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Ohio	49.5	48.2	45.8	45.2	50.7	51.5	67.7	52.9	52.9	47.8	58.7	59.3	†	†
Oklahoma	40.2	39.1	38.6	36.8	45.7	40.1	45.8	48.4	48.4	52.1	42.3	63.6	†	†
Oregon	39.9	37.5	32.6	30.3	52.9	47.6	71.0	51.0	51.0	48.8	10.7	64.0	†	†
Pennsylvania	43.4	43.3	40.5	34.7	63.3	39.0	70.6	43.6	43.7	38.4	52.0	56.7	5.1	†
Rhode Island	60.0	59.8	56.6	52.2	66.9	†	71.6	60.2	60.2	56.4	64.7	†	†	†
South Carolina	42.8	42.1	42.0	37.0	52.7	41.3	47.5	45.7	45.7	66.7	42.2	49.9	44.4	69.6
South Dakota	40.1	39.8	39.8	36.7	46.8	†	†	41.3	41.3	†	45.8	11.1	†	†
Tennessee	45.7	47.8	47.7	46.8	56.4	†	48.6	41.2	41.2	38.9	48.3	34.7	†	†
Texas	41.1	41.7	40.3	40.8	37.3	35.8	51.9	39.1	39.1	36.2	47.9	51.7	†	†
Utah	44.5	40.6	39.9	36.7	48.7	41.5	54.3	64.1	64.1	64.1	†	†	†	†
Vermont	43.7	38.3	38.3	34.6	60.4	51.9	†	55.4	55.4	33.3	57.0	64.5	†	77.8
Virginia	41.9	43.7	43.7	42.8	50.7	52.1	45.7	35.6	35.6	27.4	42.3	59.6	†	†
Washington	47.4	46.6	45.7	35.4	49.7	65.5	59.5	51.4	51.4	52.1	51.7	46.1	†	†
West Virginia	38.3	38.1	40.7	37.8	52.8	45.2	10.4	40.6	40.6	47.4	37.0	41.7	†	†
Wisconsin	43.8	49.0	49.0	46.9	50.9	63.9	†	32.3	32.3	23.1	51.3	60.2	†	†
Wyoming	46.8	46.8	39.8	39.8	†	†	64.3	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
U.S. Service Academies	61.7	61.7	61.7	†	†	61.7	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met (too few cases).

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes only institutions with a tenure system. Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2018, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section. (This table was prepared May 2019.)