Table 314.10.

Total and full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and FTE student/FTE staff ratios in postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV programs, by degree-granting status, control of institution, and primary occupation: Fall 1999, fall 2009, and fall 2017

Degree-granting status, control of institution, and primary occupation	Fall 1999				Fall 2009				Fall 2017
	Total		Full-time-equivalent (FTE)		Total		Full-time-equivalent (FTE)		Total		Full-time-equivalent (FTE)
	Number	Per-cent	Total	FTE stu-dents per FTE staff	Number	Per-cent	Total	FTE stu-dents per FTE staff	Number	Per-cent	Total	FTE stu-dents per FTE staff
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
All postsecondary institutions	2,964,535	100.0	2,299,290	4.9	3,795,744	100.0	2,885,823	5.5	3,976,901	100.0	3,036,815	5.0
Faculty (instruction/research/    public service)	1,072,202	36.2	765,284	14.8	1,476,716	38.9	992,148	16.0	1,575,699	39.6	1,084,046	14.0
Graduate assistants	242,525	8.2	80,842	139.8	343,204	9.0	114,401	138.6	377,156	9.5	125,719	120.8
Other staff	1,649,808	55.7	1,453,164	7.8	1,975,824	52.1	1,779,273	8.9	2,024,046	50.9	1,827,051	8.3
Degree-granting institutions1
Total	2,902,479	100.0	2,252,050	4.9	3,724,661	100.0	2,829,757	5.4	3,914,542	100.0	2,988,567	5.0
Faculty (instruction/research/    public service)	1,037,529	35.7	741,426	14.8	1,439,074	38.6	965,793	15.9	1,543,569	39.4	1,061,968	14.0
Graduate assistants	240,995	8.3	80,332	136.6	343,204	9.2	114,401	134.4	377,156	9.6	125,719	118.4
Other staff	1,623,955	56.0	1,430,292	7.7	1,942,383	52.1	1,749,563	8.8	1,993,817	50.9	1,800,880	8.3
Public	1,999,704	100.0	1,524,881	5.3	2,442,693	100.0	1,832,312	5.9	2,564,974	100.0	1,941,114	5.4
Faculty (instruction/research/    public service)	718,585	35.9	511,400	15.8	913,788	37.4	623,675	17.2	971,183	37.9	680,510	15.5
Graduate assistants	201,611	10.1	67,204	119.9	275,878	11.3	91,959	116.9	295,798	11.5	98,599	107.2
Other staff	1,079,508	54.0	946,277	8.5	1,253,027	51.3	1,116,678	9.6	1,297,993	50.6	1,162,004	9.1
Private nonprofit	847,615	100.0	688,914	3.7	1,074,042	100.0	856,067	3.7	1,209,311	100.0	956,840	3.6
Faculty (instruction/research/    public service)	288,663	34.1	213,130	11.9	408,382	38.0	287,116	11.1	486,183	40.2	341,153	10.2
Graduate assistants	37,421	4.4	12,474	203.8	67,057	6.2	22,352	142.3	80,946	6.7	26,982	128.9
Other staff	521,531	61.5	463,310	5.5	598,603	55.7	546,599	5.8	642,182	53.1	588,705	5.9
Private for-profit	55,160	100.0	38,255	9.8	207,926	100.0	141,378	10.3	140,257	100.0	90,613	9.2
Faculty (instruction/research/    public service)	30,281	54.9	16,896	22.1	116,904	56.2	55,002	26.4	86,203	61.5	40,305	20.7
Graduate assistants	1,963	3.6	654	570.3	269	0.1	90	16,188.6	412	0.3	137	6,081.3
Other staff	22,916	41.5	20,705	18.0	90,753	43.6	86,286	16.8	53,642	38.2	50,171	16.6
Non-degree-granting institutions2
Total	62,056	100.0	47,239	6.9	71,083	100.0	56,066	8.5	62,359	100.0	48,248	6.5
Faculty (instruction/research/    public service)	34,673	55.9	23,858	13.7	37,642	53.0	26,355	18.1	32,130	51.5	22,077	14.2
Graduate assistants	1,530	2.5	510	641.0	0	0.0	0	†	0	0.0	0	†
Other staff	25,853	41.7	22,872	14.3	33,441	47.0	29,710	16.1	30,229	48.5	26,171	11.9
Public	29,220	100.0	21,583	5.8	21,599	100.0	15,728	6.0	22,290	100.0	16,200	4.6
Faculty (instruction/research/    public service)	18,085	61.9	12,040	10.4	13,266	61.4	8,510	11.0	11,912	53.4	7,546	9.9
Graduate assistants	487	1.7	162	774.0	0	0.0	0	†	0	0.0	0	†
Other staff	10,648	36.4	9,380	13.4	8,333	38.6	7,218	13.0	10,378	46.6	8,654	8.7
Private nonprofit	4,712	100.0	3,677	6.4	5,087	100.0	4,141	5.7	3,885	100.0	3,082	5.2
Faculty (instruction/research/    public service)	2,365	50.2	1,674	14.0	2,442	48.0	1,834	12.8	1,706	43.9	1,225	13.2
Graduate assistants	78	1.7	26	902.1	0	0.0	0	†	0	0.0	0	†
Other staff	2,269	48.2	1,976	11.9	2,645	52.0	2,307	10.2	2,179	56.1	1,857	8.7
Private for-profit	28,124	100.0	21,980	8.1	44,397	100.0	36,197	9.9	36,184	100.0	28,966	7.6
Faculty (instruction/research/    public service)	14,223	50.6	10,143	17.5	21,934	49.4	16,011	22.5	18,512	51.2	13,306	16.6
Graduate assistants	965	3.4	322	552.8	0	0.0	0	†	0	0.0	0	†
Other staff	12,936	46.0	11,515	15.4	22,463	50.6	20,186	17.8	17,672	48.8	15,660	14.1

†Not applicable.

1 Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

2 Data are for institutions that did not offer accredited 4-year or 2-year degree programs, but were participating in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes some institutions transitioning to higher level program offerings, though still classified at a lower level.

NOTE: Full-time-equivalent staff is the full-time staff, plus the full-time equivalent of the part-time staff. Data for 2009 and 2017 include institutions with fewer than 15 full-time employees; these institutions did not report staff data prior to 2007. By definition, all graduate assistants are part time. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Enrollment Survey" (IPEDS-EF:99) and "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:99); IPEDS Spring 2010 and Spring 2018, Fall Enrollment component; IPEDS Winter 2009-10, Human Resources Component, Fall Staff Section; and IPEDS Spring 2018, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section. (This table was prepared November 2018.)