Table 236.20.

Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education and other related programs, by function and subfunction: Selected years, 1990-91 through 2015-16

Function and subfunction	Expenditures (in thousands of current dollars)									Percentage distribution of     current expenditures for public schools
	1990-91		2000-01	2005-06	2010-11	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	1990-91	2000-01	2005- 06	2010-11	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16
1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
Total expenditures	$229,429,715		$410,811,185	$528,268,772	$604,355,852	$606,813,352	$625,018,277	$651,135,383	$677,541,010	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Current expenditures for     public schools	202,037,752		348,360,841	449,131,342	527,291,339	535,795,823	553,501,209	575,331,825	596,135,643	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Salaries	132,730,931	1	224,305,806	273,142,308	311,541,792	311,649,709	318,705,822	328,252,700	339,723,532	65.70	64.39	60.82	59.08	58.17	57.58	57.05	56.99
Employee benefits	33,954,456	1	57,976,490	87,888,909	111,750,200	117,974,476	123,655,529	130,868,877	136,790,632	16.81	16.64	19.57	21.19	22.02	22.34	22.75	22.95
Purchased services	16,380,643	1	31,778,754	43,195,665	53,498,786	55,789,458	58,171,703	61,118,818	64,571,862	8.11	9.12	9.62	10.15	10.41	10.51	10.62	10.83
Tuition	1,192,505	1	2,458,366	3,828,079	4,988,203	5,097,767	5,296,241	5,572,087	5,743,719	0.59	0.71	0.85	0.95	0.95	0.96	0.97	0.96
Supplies	14,805,956	1	28,262,078	36,637,037	40,417,163	40,662,095	42,895,737	43,793,547	43,716,529	7.33	8.11	8.16	7.67	7.59	7.75	7.61	7.33
Other	2,973,261	1	3,579,347	4,439,345	5,095,195	4,622,319	4,776,178	5,725,796	5,589,370	1.47	1.03	0.99	0.97	0.86	0.86	1.00	0.94
Instruction	122,223,362		214,333,003	273,760,798	322,536,983	325,682,380	336,426,927	349,453,258	363,047,760	60.50	61.53	60.95	61.17	60.78	60.78	60.74	60.90
Salaries	90,742,284		154,512,089	186,905,065	212,998,609	212,563,444	217,274,753	223,044,251	230,473,355	44.91	44.35	41.61	40.39	39.67	39.25	38.77	38.66
Employee benefits	22,347,524		39,522,678	59,032,817	75,248,811	79,502,797	83,946,609	88,840,559	92,810,720	11.06	11.35	13.14	14.27	14.84	15.17	15.44	15.57
Purchased services	2,722,639		6,430,708	10,083,561	14,694,620	14,757,780	15,177,204	16,559,278	18,047,613	1.35	1.85	2.25	2.79	2.75	2.74	2.88	3.03
Tuition	1,192,505		2,458,366	3,828,079	4,988,203	5,097,767	5,296,241	5,572,087	5,743,719	0.59	0.71	0.85	0.95	0.95	0.96	0.97	0.96
Supplies	4,584,754		10,377,554	12,731,138	13,135,284	12,415,970	13,344,523	14,060,733	14,547,019	2.27	2.98	2.83	2.49	2.32	2.41	2.44	2.44
Textbooks	—		—	2,537,332	2,324,846	2,129,590	2,321,424	2,438,331	2,540,299	—	—	0.56	0.44	0.40	0.42	0.42	0.43
Other	633,656		1,031,608	1,180,138	1,471,457	1,344,623	1,387,596	1,376,350	1,425,335	0.31	0.30	0.26	0.28	0.25	0.25	0.24	0.24
Student support2	8,926,010		17,292,756	23,336,224	29,368,646	29,916,535	30,754,056	32,363,375	34,014,096	4.42	4.96	5.20	5.57	5.58	5.56	5.63	5.71
Salaries	6,565,965		12,354,464	15,833,312	19,367,865	19,331,709	19,823,136	20,658,101	21,598,398	3.25	3.55	3.53	3.67	3.61	3.58	3.59	3.62
Employee benefits	1,660,082		3,036,037	4,859,310	6,533,691	7,062,770	7,315,689	7,872,711	8,360,300	0.82	0.87	1.08	1.24	1.32	1.32	1.37	1.40
Purchased services	455,996		1,328,600	1,958,934	2,583,714	2,790,029	2,850,087	3,024,871	3,202,463	0.23	0.38	0.44	0.49	0.52	0.51	0.53	0.54
Supplies	191,482		421,838	497,201	521,729	536,040	564,419	599,269	628,105	0.09	0.12	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.11
Other	52,485		151,817	187,468	361,647	195,987	200,727	208,422	224,831	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.07	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
Instructional staff
services3	8,467,142		15,926,856	21,923,223	24,893,140	24,940,915	25,354,104	26,953,637	28,014,688	4.19	4.57	4.88	4.72	4.65	4.58	4.68	4.70
Salaries	5,560,129		9,790,767	13,005,332	14,490,521	14,478,409	14,685,427	15,490,102	16,082,232	2.75	2.81	2.90	2.75	2.70	2.65	2.69	2.70
Employee benefits	1,408,217		2,356,440	3,898,171	4,933,118	5,098,479	5,234,451	5,640,401	5,898,941	0.70	0.68	0.87	0.94	0.95	0.95	0.98	0.99
Purchased services	622,487		2,003,598	2,944,703	3,438,979	3,484,764	3,444,243	3,659,324	3,942,599	0.31	0.58	0.66	0.65	0.65	0.62	0.64	0.66
Supplies	776,863		1,566,954	1,867,878	1,810,950	1,666,377	1,786,877	1,950,698	1,875,189	0.38	0.45	0.42	0.34	0.31	0.32	0.34	0.31
Other	99,445		209,097	207,139	219,573	212,886	203,106	213,112	215,727	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
General administration	5,791,253		7,108,291	8,920,041	10,494,526	10,825,907	11,117,393	11,535,748	12,051,604	2.87	2.04	1.99	1.99	2.02	2.01	2.01	2.02
Salaries	2,603,562		3,351,554	3,860,883	4,401,697	4,472,689	4,622,952	4,746,838	4,882,609	1.29	0.96	0.86	0.83	0.83	0.84	0.83	0.82
Employee benefits	777,381		1,000,698	1,479,556	1,856,221	1,951,275	1,915,512	2,036,756	2,089,012	0.38	0.29	0.33	0.35	0.36	0.35	0.35	0.35
Purchased services	1,482,427		2,099,032	2,735,714	3,236,857	3,450,629	3,585,418	3,735,708	4,037,141	0.73	0.60	0.61	0.61	0.64	0.65	0.65	0.68
Supplies	172,898		206,137	225,230	228,417	232,774	237,184	249,401	265,647	0.09	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
Other	754,985		450,870	618,657	771,334	718,540	756,327	767,045	777,195	0.37	0.13	0.14	0.15	0.13	0.14	0.13	0.13
School administration	11,695,344		19,580,890	25,277,042	28,660,307	29,523,691	30,420,650	31,792,450	33,196,060	5.79	5.62	5.63	5.44	5.51	5.50	5.53	5.57
Salaries	8,935,903		14,817,213	18,181,910	20,191,545	20,574,974	21,132,933	21,921,938	22,757,965	4.42	4.25	4.05	3.83	3.84	3.82	3.81	3.82
Employee benefits	2,257,783		3,689,689	5,622,342	6,972,708	7,426,690	7,718,180	8,194,129	8,633,445	1.12	1.06	1.25	1.32	1.39	1.39	1.42	1.45
Purchased services	247,750		611,638	862,664	931,765	944,190	973,307	1,067,751	1,158,928	0.12	0.18	0.19	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.19
Supplies	189,711		369,257	474,816	426,864	432,107	435,766	443,385	474,181	0.09	0.11	0.11	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08
Other	64,197		93,093	135,311	137,426	145,730	160,463	165,248	171,541	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
Operation and     maintenance	21,290,655		34,034,158	44,313,835	50,214,709	50,674,499	53,051,141	54,200,172	55,045,308	10.54	9.77	9.87	9.52	9.46	9.58	9.42	9.23
Salaries	8,849,559		13,461,242	16,021,701	17,604,634	17,468,535	17,846,272	18,205,576	18,735,694	4.38	3.86	3.57	3.34	3.26	3.22	3.16	3.14
Employee benefits	2,633,075		3,778,520	5,840,665	7,195,927	7,473,129	7,694,270	8,024,419	8,293,959	1.30	1.08	1.30	1.36	1.39	1.39	1.39	1.39
Purchased services	5,721,125		9,642,217	11,913,734	13,351,922	14,015,338	15,022,138	15,514,037	15,895,813	2.83	2.77	2.65	2.53	2.62	2.71	2.70	2.67
Supplies	3,761,738		6,871,845	10,147,971	11,638,187	11,349,828	12,078,609	12,047,041	11,728,035	1.86	1.97	2.26	2.21	2.12	2.18	2.09	1.97
Other	325,157		280,334	389,764	424,039	367,669	409,852	409,098	391,807	0.16	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07
Student transportation	8,678,954		14,052,654	18,850,234	22,370,807	23,237,941	23,845,036	23,961,692	24,325,894	4.30	4.03	4.20	4.24	4.34	4.31	4.16	4.08
Salaries	3,285,127		5,406,092	6,701,455	7,527,611	7,525,466	7,683,616	7,897,110	8,198,056	1.63	1.55	1.49	1.43	1.40	1.39	1.37	1.38
Employee benefits	892,985		1,592,127	2,535,296	3,124,937	3,249,580	3,296,150	3,412,883	3,599,972	0.44	0.46	0.56	0.59	0.61	0.60	0.59	0.60
Purchased services	3,345,232		5,767,462	7,547,730	9,153,621	9,580,324	9,926,270	10,063,360	10,392,864	1.66	1.66	1.68	1.74	1.79	1.79	1.75	1.74
Supplies	961,447		1,159,350	1,867,495	2,370,182	2,656,230	2,695,508	2,356,982	1,886,842	0.48	0.33	0.42	0.45	0.50	0.49	0.41	0.32
Other	194,163		127,623	198,259	194,456	226,340	243,492	231,357	248,160	0.10	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
Other support services4	5,587,837		11,439,134	14,463,815	17,246,807	18,054,249	19,034,045	20,885,114	21,595,076	2.77	3.28	3.22	3.27	3.37	3.44	3.63	3.62
Salaries	2,900,394		5,521,381	6,577,129	8,139,084	8,323,191	8,618,767	9,104,041	9,565,073	1.44	1.58	1.46	1.54	1.55	1.56	1.58	1.60
Employee benefits	980,859		1,594,540	2,483,366	3,295,052	3,497,220	3,694,720	3,912,721	4,061,910	0.49	0.46	0.55	0.62	0.65	0.67	0.68	0.68
Purchased services	798,922		2,783,176	3,455,292	3,876,650	4,317,682	4,671,337	4,853,416	5,120,351	0.40	0.80	0.77	0.74	0.81	0.84	0.84	0.86
Supplies	294,527		626,889	793,997	876,293	964,937	1,097,951	1,163,493	1,241,221	0.15	0.18	0.18	0.17	0.18	0.20	0.20	0.21
Other	613,135		913,148	1,154,031	1,059,728	951,218	951,270	1,851,443	1,606,520	0.30	0.26	0.26	0.20	0.18	0.17	0.32	0.27
Food services	8,430,490		13,816,635	17,263,582	20,394,768	21,835,757	22,342,085	23,064,706	23,643,250	4.17	3.97	3.84	3.87	4.08	4.04	4.01	3.97
Salaries	—		4,966,092	5,841,522	6,482,085	6,607,619	6,699,499	6,873,015	7,098,376	—	1.43	1.30	1.23	1.23	1.21	1.19	1.19
Employee benefits	—		1,381,923	2,061,344	2,492,673	2,609,835	2,731,484	2,818,033	2,923,479	—	0.40	0.46	0.47	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49
Purchased services	—		923,091	1,464,511	2,058,018	2,270,476	2,335,017	2,460,967	2,566,875	—	0.26	0.33	0.39	0.42	0.42	0.43	0.43
Supplies	—		6,420,201	7,727,182	9,118,886	10,110,849	10,333,931	10,628,481	10,753,015	—	1.84	1.72	1.73	1.89	1.87	1.85	1.80
Other	—		125,327	169,023	243,105	236,978	242,155	284,209	301,505	—	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.05
Enterprise operations5	946,705		776,463	1,022,549	1,110,646	1,103,949	1,155,773	1,121,673	1,201,907	0.47	0.22	0.23	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.19	0.20
Salaries	—		124,913	213,999	338,141	303,674	318,467	311,727	331,775	—	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.06
Employee benefits	—		23,837	76,042	97,063	102,699	108,464	116,266	118,893	—	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
Purchased services	—		189,230	228,823	172,641	178,246	186,682	180,106	207,215	—	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
Supplies	—		242,052	304,129	290,372	296,981	320,969	294,064	317,276	—	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05
Other	—		196,430	199,556	212,430	222,349	221,191	219,510	226,748	—	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
Current expenditures for     other programs	3,295,717		6,063,700	7,415,575	8,161,474	8,031,416	7,926,285	7,713,966	7,913,839	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Community services	964,370		2,426,189	3,015,207	3,269,802	3,132,422	3,187,692	3,279,485	3,426,859	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Private school programs	527,609		1,026,695	1,389,204	1,427,539	1,471,013	1,431,807	1,590,684	1,662,359	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Adult education	1,365,523		1,838,265	2,001,459	2,013,156	1,829,564	1,804,646	1,815,963	1,946,215	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Community colleges	5,356		351	0	34,045	30,107	30,906	28,238	29,113	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Other	432,858		772,200	1,009,704	1,416,931	1,568,310	1,471,234	999,597	849,293	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Capital outlay6	19,771,478		46,220,704	57,375,299	50,968,815	45,720,570	46,438,323	50,610,125	55,989,047	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Public schools	19,655,496		46,078,494	57,281,425	50,888,951	45,555,651	46,297,257	50,448,404	55,841,130	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Other current     expenditures	115,982		142,210	93,874	79,864	164,919	141,066	161,722	147,917	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Interest on school debt	4,324,768		10,165,940	14,346,556	17,934,224	17,265,542	17,152,459	17,479,466	17,502,481	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

1 Includes estimated data for subfunctions of food services and enterprise operations.

2 Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, and speech pathology services.

3 Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers.

4 Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and services for local education agencies; central support services, including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and data processing services; and other support services.

5 Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time). Includes very small amounts for direct program support made by state education agencies for local school districts.

6 Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.

NOTE: Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "National Public Education Financial Survey," 1990-91 through 2015-16. (This table was prepared September 2018.)