Table 203.75.

Enrollment and percentage distribution of enrollment in public schools, by family poverty rate of 5- to 17-year-olds living in the school district, student race/ethnicity, region, and school locale: 2016-17

Student race/ethnicity, region, and school locale	Enrollment					Percentage distribution of enrollment
	Total	Family poverty rate1 of 5- to 17-year- olds2 living in the school district				Total	Family poverty rate1 of 5- to 17-year- olds2 living in the school district
		0 to 9.797 percent	9.798 to 16.161 percent	16.162 to 23.189 percent	23.190 percent or more		0 to 9.797 percent	9.798 to 16.161 percent	16.162 to 23.189 percent	23.190 percent or more
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
Total	50,489,936	12,607,691	12,620,494	12,638,322	12,623,429	100.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
White	24,340,906	8,469,916	6,829,229	5,683,908	3,357,853	100.0	34.8	28.1	23.4	13.8
Black	7,742,002	765,848	1,442,933	1,996,257	3,536,964	100.0	9.9	18.6	25.8	45.7
Hispanic	13,311,060	1,737,577	2,970,628	3,896,451	4,706,404	100.0	13.1	22.3	29.3	35.4
Asian	2,568,660	1,033,181	660,149	424,196	451,134	100.0	40.2	25.7	16.5	17.6
Pacific Islander	183,753	27,052	93,740	40,743	22,218	100.0	14.7	51.0	22.2	12.1
American Indian/Alaska Native	506,516	58,162	111,388	123,758	213,208	100.0	11.5	22.0	24.4	42.1
Two or more races	1,836,588	515,925	512,400	472,639	335,624	100.0	28.1	27.9	25.7	18.3
Race unknown	451	30	27	370	24	100.0	6.7	6.0	82.0	5.3
Region
Northeast	7,954,897	3,077,514	1,590,745	963,083	2,323,555	100.0	38.7	20.0	12.1	29.2
White	4,341,909	2,316,674	1,032,514	545,781	446,940	100.0	53.4	23.8	12.6	10.3
Black	1,131,280	145,681	168,923	148,248	668,428	100.0	12.9	14.9	13.1	59.1
Hispanic	1,667,108	274,289	275,582	204,143	913,094	100.0	16.5	16.5	12.2	54.8
Asian	557,577	250,237	59,781	31,145	216,414	100.0	44.9	10.7	5.6	38.8
Pacific Islander	13,397	3,695	2,064	884	6,754	100.0	27.6	15.4	6.6	50.4
American Indian/Alaska Native	29,741	5,270	5,047	2,936	16,488	100.0	17.7	17.0	9.9	55.4
Two or more races	213,838	81,638	46,819	29,944	55,437	100.0	38.2	21.9	14.0	25.9
Race unknown	47	30	15	2	0	100.0	63.8	31.9	4.3	0.0
Midwest	10,531,902	3,728,671	2,785,766	2,100,132	1,917,333	100.0	35.4	26.5	19.9	18.2
White	6,890,925	2,931,760	2,033,115	1,278,092	647,958	100.0	42.5	29.5	18.5	9.4
Black	1,447,126	182,722	202,184	327,861	734,359	100.0	12.6	14.0	22.7	50.7
Hispanic	1,310,058	277,952	336,761	323,968	371,377	100.0	21.2	25.7	24.7	28.3
Asian	359,938	182,138	74,544	47,674	55,582	100.0	50.6	20.7	13.2	15.4
Pacific Islander	12,367	3,628	3,415	3,268	2,056	100.0	29.3	27.6	26.4	16.6
American Indian/Alaska Native	86,233	14,143	25,441	20,695	25,954	100.0	16.4	29.5	24.0	30.1
Two or more races	425,251	136,328	110,304	98,573	80,046	100.0	32.1	25.9	23.2	18.8
Race unknown	4	0	2	1	1	100.0	0.0	50.0	25.0	25.0
South	19,748,334	2,710,676	4,556,969	6,462,860	6,017,829	100.0	13.7	23.1	32.7	30.5
White	8,512,074	1,447,952	2,233,638	2,935,481	1,895,003	100.0	17.0	26.2	34.5	22.3
Black	4,570,261	360,719	909,800	1,307,259	1,992,483	100.0	7.9	19.9	28.6	43.6
Hispanic	5,141,327	515,888	1,008,946	1,794,925	1,821,568	100.0	10.0	19.6	34.9	35.4
Asian	664,549	242,664	195,272	143,843	82,770	100.0	36.5	29.4	21.6	12.5
Pacific Islander	30,251	3,792	7,182	12,807	6,470	100.0	12.5	23.7	42.3	21.4
American Indian/Alaska Native	177,458	16,995	32,348	53,976	74,139	100.0	9.6	18.2	30.4	41.8
Two or more races	652,014	122,666	169,773	214,202	145,373	100.0	18.8	26.0	32.9	22.3
Race unknown	400	0	10	367	23	100.0	0.0	2.5	91.8	5.8
West	12,254,803	3,090,830	3,687,014	3,112,247	2,364,712	100.0	25.2	30.1	25.4	19.3
White	4,595,998	1,773,530	1,529,962	924,554	367,952	100.0	38.6	33.3	20.1	8.0
Black	593,335	76,726	162,026	212,889	141,694	100.0	12.9	27.3	35.9	23.9
Hispanic	5,192,567	669,448	1,349,339	1,573,415	1,600,365	100.0	12.9	26.0	30.3	30.8
Asian	986,596	358,142	330,552	201,534	96,368	100.0	36.3	33.5	20.4	9.8
Pacific Islander	127,738	15,937	81,079	23,784	6,938	100.0	12.5	63.5	18.6	5.4
American Indian/Alaska Native	213,084	21,754	48,552	46,151	96,627	100.0	10.2	22.8	21.7	45.3
Two or more races	545,485	175,293	185,504	129,920	54,768	100.0	32.1	34.0	23.8	10.0
Race unknown	0	0	0	0	0	†	†	†	†	†
School locale
City	16,014,950	1,632,878	2,880,097	4,407,106	7,094,869	100.0	10.2	18.0	27.5	44.3
White	4,747,699	840,562	1,263,609	1,513,972	1,129,556	100.0	17.7	26.6	31.9	23.8
Black	3,595,648	100,994	325,980	886,522	2,282,152	100.0	2.8	9.1	24.7	63.5
Hispanic	5,835,063	326,499	902,108	1,531,230	3,075,226	100.0	5.6	15.5	26.2	52.7
Asian	1,057,545	261,740	202,749	220,512	372,544	100.0	24.7	19.2	20.9	35.2
Pacific Islander	60,224	5,130	16,614	23,157	15,323	100.0	8.5	27.6	38.5	25.4
American Indian/Alaska Native	112,726	8,994	29,605	33,806	40,321	100.0	8.0	26.3	30.0	35.8
Two or more races	605,689	88,959	139,432	197,551	179,747	100.0	14.7	23.0	32.6	29.7
Race unknown	356	0	0	356	0	100.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0
Suburban	21,335,819	8,739,685	6,107,871	4,519,244	1,969,019	100.0	41.0	28.6	21.2	9.2
White	10,516,259	5,773,239	2,772,257	1,519,572	451,191	100.0	54.9	26.4	14.4	4.3
Black	2,966,766	608,147	943,496	870,064	545,059	100.0	20.5	31.8	29.3	18.4
Hispanic	5,454,878	1,215,832	1,614,059	1,770,944	854,043	100.0	22.3	29.6	32.5	15.7
Asian	1,366,432	728,830	415,945	169,694	51,963	100.0	53.3	30.4	12.4	3.8
Pacific Islander	105,922	19,107	72,029	11,510	3,276	100.0	18.0	68.0	10.9	3.1
American Indian/Alaska Native	97,370	32,640	31,255	26,221	7,254	100.0	33.5	32.1	26.9	7.4
Two or more races	828,135	361,862	258,804	151,236	56,233	100.0	43.7	31.3	18.3	6.8
Race unknown	57	28	26	3	0	100.0	49.1	45.6	5.3	0.0
Town	5,515,488	722,227	1,455,486	1,670,015	1,667,760	100.0	13.1	26.4	30.3	30.2
White	3,536,232	589,890	1,103,637	1,129,127	713,578	100.0	16.7	31.2	31.9	20.2
Black	490,248	15,067	39,327	98,668	337,186	100.0	3.1	8.0	20.1	68.8
Hispanic	1,098,061	75,817	218,098	332,607	471,539	100.0	6.9	19.9	30.3	42.9
Asian	64,142	12,282	18,479	19,222	14,159	100.0	19.1	28.8	30.0	22.1
Pacific Islander	9,547	1,162	2,561	3,917	1,907	100.0	12.2	26.8	41.0	20.0
American Indian/Alaska Native	135,777	6,877	24,262	25,493	79,145	100.0	5.1	17.9	18.8	58.3
Two or more races	181,478	21,132	49,121	60,981	50,244	100.0	11.6	27.1	33.6	27.7
Race unknown	3	0	1	0	2	100.0	0.0	33.3	0.0	66.7
Rural	7,623,679	1,512,901	2,177,040	2,041,957	1,891,781	100.0	19.8	28.6	26.8	24.8
White	5,540,716	1,266,225	1,689,726	1,521,237	1,063,528	100.0	22.9	30.5	27.5	19.2
Black	689,340	41,640	134,130	141,003	372,567	100.0	6.0	19.5	20.5	54.0
Hispanic	923,058	119,429	236,363	261,670	305,596	100.0	12.9	25.6	28.3	33.1
Asian	80,541	30,329	22,976	14,768	12,468	100.0	37.7	28.5	18.3	15.5
Pacific Islander	8,060	1,653	2,536	2,159	1,712	100.0	20.5	31.5	26.8	21.2
American Indian/Alaska Native	160,643	9,651	26,266	38,238	86,488	100.0	6.0	16.4	23.8	53.8
Two or more races	221,286	43,972	65,043	62,871	49,400	100.0	19.9	29.4	28.4	22.3
Race unknown	35	2	0	11	22	100.0	5.7	0.0	31.4	62.9

†Not applicable.

1 A family is in poverty if its income falls below the Census Bureau's poverty threshold, which is a dollar amount that varies depending on a family's size and composition and is updated annually to account for inflation. In 2016, for example, the poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was $24,339. The family poverty rate of 5- to 17-year-olds is the percentage of children in this age group whose families are in poverty. Includes only children classified as "related" and "relevant" (see footnote 2). For additional information about poverty status, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html.

2 Includes only those children who live in households and meet both of the following conditions: (1) The children are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption (except a child who is the spouse of the householder). The householder is the person (or one of the people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. (2) The children are relevant to the school district. Children are relevant if they reside within the geographical boundaries of the district and are at a grade level served by the district, even if they do not attend a school in the district.

NOTE: School enrollment data were obtained from the Common Core of Data and poverty rate data were obtained from the Census Bureau. To create the school district categories, public school districts were ranked and divided into quarters based on the family poverty rate of their 5- to 17-year-old population; the cut points between the four quarters were chosen so that, at the national level, each quarter contains approximately the same number of students. For the approximately 3 percent of public school students who attended charter or other special districts, no data were available on their school district's family poverty rate. The rate for their district was imputed to be the same as the rate for the county containing the zip code listed for their superintendent's location. This table excludes 7,430 enrolled children whose poverty status could not be determined. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey," 2016–17; and Education Demographic and Geographic Estimates (EDGE), "Public School File," 2016-17. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) Program, 2016 Poverty Estimates for School Districts. (This table was prepared June 2019.)