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2018 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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Table 106.30. | Amount and percentage distribution of direct general expenditures of state and local governments, by function: Selected years, 1970-71 through 2015-16 |
Function | 1970-71 | 1980-81 | 1990-91 | 2000-01 | 2010-11 | 2011-12 | 2012-13 | 2013-14 | 2014-15 | 2015-16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
Amount (in millions of current dollars) | ||||||||||
Total direct general expenditures | $150,674 | $407,449 | $908,109 | $1,621,757 | $2,579,509 | $2,588,308 | $2,623,305 | $2,710,967 | $2,839,458 | $2,944,651 |
Education and public libraries | 60,174 | 147,649 | 313,744 | 571,374 | 872,969 | 878,952 | 888,240 | 916,301 | 947,318 | 984,948 |
Education | 59,413 | 145,784 | 309,302 | 563,572 | 862,271 | 867,508 | 877,059 | 905,213 | 935,754 | 972,906 |
Public libraries | 761 | 1,865 | 4,442 | 7,802 | 10,699 | 11,444 | 11,181 | 11,088 | 11,564 | 12,042 |
Social services and income maintenance | 30,376 | 92,555 | 214,919 | 396,086 | 729,846 | 732,192 | 765,511 | 805,538 | 883,060 | 922,654 |
Public welfare | 18,226 | 54,121 | 130,402 | 257,380 | 490,645 | 485,342 | 515,296 | 543,511 | 614,553 | 637,644 |
Hospitals and health | 11,205 | 36,101 | 81,110 | 134,010 | 233,018 | 240,895 | 244,290 | 256,553 | 263,420 | 279,752 |
Social insurance administration | 945 | 2,276 | 3,250 | 4,359 | 5,256 | 5,116 | 4,901 | 4,415 | 4,114 | 3,905 |
Veterans’ services | † | 57 | 157 | 337 | 927 | 838 | 1,024 | 1,060 | 973 | 1,353 |
Transportation1 | 19,819 | 39,231 | 75,410 | 130,422 | 183,282 | 188,328 | 186,324 | 191,924 | 198,621 | 206,827 |
Public safety | 9,416 | 31,233 | 79,932 | 146,544 | 225,202 | 225,607 | 228,400 | 235,042 | 241,787 | 249,805 |
Police and fire protection | 7,531 | 21,283 | 46,568 | 84,554 | 138,147 | 139,306 | 141,308 | 145,952 | 151,011 | 156,986 |
Correction | 1,885 | 7,393 | 27,356 | 52,370 | 73,243 | 72,725 | 73,040 | 74,943 | 77,058 | 78,017 |
Protective inspection and regulation | † | 2,557 | 6,008 | 9,620 | 13,812 | 13,576 | 14,052 | 14,147 | 13,718 | 14,802 |
Environment and housing | 11,832 | 35,223 | 76,167 | 124,203 | 200,491 | 196,120 | 190,321 | 190,175 | 193,912 | 203,197 |
Natural resources, parks, and recreation |
5,191 | 13,239 | 28,505 | 50,082 | 67,053 | 66,397 | 65,472 | 65,544 | 68,358 | 72,807 |
Housing and community development | 2,554 | 7,086 | 16,648 | 27,402 | 56,284 | 53,632 | 50,586 | 50,244 | 49,916 | 50,173 |
Sewerage and sanitation | 4,087 | 14,898 | 31,014 | 46,718 | 77,154 | 76,091 | 74,263 | 74,387 | 75,638 | 80,217 |
Governmental administration | 6,703 | 20,001 | 48,461 | 85,910 | 123,851 | 123,191 | 123,580 | 127,676 | 130,458 | 135,100 |
Financial administration | 2,271 | 7,230 | 16,995 | 30,007 | 39,351 | 38,689 | 39,785 | 40,501 | 41,920 | 43,010 |
General control2 | 4,432 | 12,771 | 31,466 | 55,903 | 84,500 | 84,502 | 83,796 | 87,175 | 88,538 | 92,090 |
Interest on general debt | 5,089 | 17,131 | 52,234 | 73,836 | 108,478 | 108,943 | 108,614 | 106,940 | 105,258 | 104,572 |
Other direct general expenditures | 7,265 | 24,426 | 47,242 | 93,382 | 135,388 | 134,976 | 132,314 | 137,371 | 139,043 | 137,548 |
Amount (in millions of constant 2017-18 dollars)3 | ||||||||||
Total direct general expenditures | $941,124 | $1,167,084 | $1,682,575 | $2,298,221 | $2,894,984 | $2,822,167 | $2,813,506 | $2,862,804 | $2,976,814 | $3,066,418 |
Education and public libraries | 375,852 | 422,921 | 581,316 | 809,705 | 979,734 | 958,367 | 952,641 | 967,621 | 993,144 | 1,025,677 |
Education | 371,099 | 417,579 | 573,085 | 798,648 | 967,727 | 945,889 | 940,650 | 955,912 | 981,020 | 1,013,137 |
Public libraries | 4,753 | 5,342 | 8,230 | 11,056 | 12,007 | 12,478 | 11,991 | 11,709 | 12,124 | 12,540 |
Social services and income maintenance | 189,731 | 265,112 | 398,209 | 561,300 | 819,107 | 798,347 | 821,014 | 850,655 | 925,778 | 960,808 |
Public welfare | 113,841 | 155,023 | 241,613 | 364,738 | 550,651 | 529,194 | 552,658 | 573,952 | 644,281 | 664,012 |
Hospitals and health | 69,987 | 103,407 | 150,283 | 189,908 | 261,517 | 262,661 | 262,002 | 270,922 | 276,163 | 291,320 |
Social insurance administration | 5,903 | 6,519 | 6,022 | 6,177 | 5,899 | 5,578 | 5,256 | 4,662 | 4,313 | 4,066 |
Veterans’ services | † | 163 | 291 | 477 | 1,040 | 914 | 1,099 | 1,119 | 1,020 | 1,409 |
Transportation1 | 123,791 | 112,372 | 139,722 | 184,824 | 205,697 | 205,343 | 199,833 | 202,673 | 208,229 | 215,379 |
Public safety | 58,813 | 89,463 | 148,101 | 207,671 | 252,744 | 245,991 | 244,960 | 248,206 | 253,483 | 260,134 |
Police and fire protection | 47,039 | 60,962 | 86,283 | 119,823 | 155,042 | 151,892 | 151,554 | 154,126 | 158,316 | 163,477 |
Correction | 11,774 | 21,176 | 50,686 | 74,215 | 82,201 | 79,296 | 78,336 | 79,141 | 80,785 | 81,243 |
Protective inspection and regulation | † | 7,324 | 11,132 | 13,633 | 15,501 | 14,803 | 15,071 | 14,940 | 14,382 | 15,414 |
Environment and housing | 73,904 | 100,892 | 141,125 | 176,010 | 225,011 | 213,840 | 204,120 | 200,826 | 203,292 | 211,600 |
Natural resources, parks, and recreation |
32,423 | 37,921 | 52,815 | 70,973 | 75,254 | 72,396 | 70,219 | 69,215 | 71,665 | 75,818 |
Housing and community development | 15,953 | 20,297 | 30,846 | 38,832 | 63,167 | 58,478 | 54,254 | 53,058 | 52,330 | 52,248 |
Sewerage and sanitation | 25,528 | 42,673 | 57,464 | 66,205 | 86,590 | 82,966 | 79,647 | 78,553 | 79,297 | 83,534 |
Governmental administration | 41,868 | 57,290 | 89,790 | 121,744 | 138,998 | 134,321 | 132,540 | 134,827 | 136,769 | 140,687 |
Financial administration | 14,185 | 20,709 | 31,489 | 42,524 | 44,164 | 42,185 | 42,669 | 42,769 | 43,948 | 44,788 |
General control2 | 27,683 | 36,581 | 58,301 | 79,221 | 94,834 | 92,137 | 89,871 | 92,058 | 92,821 | 95,898 |
Interest on general debt | 31,786 | 49,070 | 96,781 | 104,634 | 121,745 | 118,787 | 116,489 | 112,930 | 110,350 | 108,896 |
Other direct general expenditures | 45,378 | 69,965 | 87,532 | 132,334 | 151,946 | 147,171 | 141,907 | 145,065 | 145,770 | 143,236 |
Percentage distribution | ||||||||||
Total direct general expenditures | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Education and public libraries | 39.9 | 36.2 | 34.5 | 35.2 | 33.8 | 34.0 | 33.9 | 33.8 | 33.4 | 33.4 |
Education | 39.4 | 35.8 | 34.1 | 34.8 | 33.4 | 33.5 | 33.4 | 33.4 | 33.0 | 33.0 |
Public libraries | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Social services and income maintenance | 20.2 | 22.7 | 23.7 | 24.4 | 28.3 | 28.3 | 29.2 | 29.7 | 31.1 | 31.3 |
Public welfare | 12.1 | 13.3 | 14.4 | 15.9 | 19.0 | 18.8 | 19.6 | 20.0 | 21.6 | 21.7 |
Hospitals and health | 7.4 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 9.0 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 9.5 |
Social insurance administration | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Veterans’ services | † | # | # | # | # | # | # | # | # | # |
Transportation1 | 13.2 | 9.6 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
Public safety | 6.2 | 7.7 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
Police and fire protection | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
Correction | 1.3 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 |
Protective inspection and regulation | † | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Environment and housing | 7.9 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.9 |
Natural resources, parks, and recreation |
3.4 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 |
Housing and community development | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
Sewerage and sanitation | 2.7 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
Governmental administration | 4.4 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
Financial administration | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
General control2 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
Interest on general debt | 3.4 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
Other direct general expenditures | 4.8 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.7 |
†Not applicable. | ||||||||||
#Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||
1 Includes highways, air transportation (airports), parking facilities, and sea and inland port facilities. For 2000-01 and earlier years, also includes transit subsidies. | ||||||||||
2 Includes judicial and legal expenditures, expenditures on general public buildings, and other governmental administration expenditures. | ||||||||||
3 Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis. | ||||||||||
NOTE: Excludes monies paid by states to the federal government. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. | ||||||||||
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Governmental Finances. Retrieved October 22, 2018, from https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/2016/econ/local/public-use-datasets.html. (This table was prepared October 2018.) |