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| Table 402.10. | Federal obligations for research, development, and R&D plant, by category of obligation, performer, and field of science and engineering: Fiscal years 2009 through 2017 |
| [In millions] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Estimated | |||||||||
| Category of obligation, performer, and field of science and engineering | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | Percent change, 2016 to 2017 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Current dollars | ||||||||||
| Total obligations for research, development, and R&D plant |
$144,760.5 | $146,967.8 | $139,661.5 | $140,635.8 | $127,291.1 | $132,496.3 | $131,398.2 | $142,555.0 | $145,407.7 | 2.0 |
| Research and development obligations | 141,092.5 | 140,354.5 | 135,490.8 | 138,485.1 | 125,386.0 | 130,278.7 | 128,573.2 | 140,069.8 | 142,608.3 | 1.8 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 31,546.4 | 30,911.8 | 35,144.7 | 34,367.8 | 32,963.1 | 34,736.1 | 34,925.1 | 37,918.3 | 38,241.9 | 0.9 |
| Industrial firms | 59,749.3 | 59,867.8 | 53,550.2 | 58,910.1 | 49,538.1 | 50,236.5 | 47,455.2 | 53,727.9 | 54,142.1 | 0.8 |
| Federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) administered by industrial firms |
4,067.1 | 3,946.2 | 4,424.5 | 3,611.7 | 3,796.1 | 4,207.5 | 3,935.8 | 4,477.3 | 4,505.3 | 0.6 |
| Universities and colleges | 31,557.7 | 31,192.3 | 27,680.3 | 27,509.5 | 25,772.0 | 27,429.3 | 27,414.7 | 28,883.2 | 29,922.2 | 3.6 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 3,402.7 | 3,370.5 | 3,437.8 | 3,694.2 | 3,711.7 | 3,800.8 | 3,911.7 | 4,237.7 | 4,608.1 | 8.7 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 7,049.7 | 7,245.3 | 6,636.6 | 6,347.0 | 5,915.0 | 6,134.9 | 6,136.2 | 6,345.6 | 6,490.0 | 2.3 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 2,730.7 | 2,784.1 | 2,923.7 | 2,752.2 | 2,571.9 | 2,557.1 | 3,271.4 | 2,910.5 | 3,285.8 | 12.9 |
| State and local governments | 392.0 | 426.7 | 716.2 | 453.2 | 385.6 | 446.4 | 487.0 | 567.8 | 474.0 | -16.5 |
| Foreign | 596.9 | 609.9 | 976.8 | 839.5 | 732.4 | 730.1 | 1,036.0 | 1,001.7 | 938.8 | -6.3 |
| Research obligations | 63,694.3 | 63,728.0 | 58,023.7 | 61,946.9 | 59,198.2 | 62,908.8 | 63,645.3 | 67,760.7 | 69,743.8 | 2.9 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 13,321.2 | 13,280.9 | 12,663.4 | 14,295.0 | 13,416.8 | 14,305.6 | 15,006.5 | 15,486.7 | 16,211.9 | 4.7 |
| Industrial firms | 6,280.2 | 6,625.5 | 6,037.4 | 7,794.0 | 7,365.5 | 8,057.5 | 8,110.4 | 9,325.7 | 9,119.5 | -2.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 3,070.5 | 2,960.1 | 2,984.4 | 2,678.7 | 2,713.8 | 3,217.5 | 3,098.0 | 3,662.0 | 3,529.6 | -3.6 |
| Universities and colleges | 30,168.8 | 29,607.8 | 26,253.2 | 26,289.9 | 24,771.7 | 26,110.1 | 25,962.1 | 27,255.8 | 28,236.9 | 3.6 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 2,148.1 | 2,151.6 | 2,224.4 | 2,856.9 | 3,089.7 | 3,090.9 | 3,226.8 | 3,489.3 | 3,778.5 | 8.3 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 6,500.7 | 6,687.0 | 5,760.8 | 5,812.9 | 5,445.5 | 5,648.4 | 5,710.6 | 5,833.8 | 5,961.2 | 2.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,462.0 | 1,633.6 | 1,447.7 | 1,457.0 | 1,686.8 | 1,725.7 | 1,616.9 | 1,794.8 | 2,028.5 | 13.0 |
| State and local governments | 343.6 | 352.8 | 282.2 | 352.2 | 313.5 | 394.7 | 420.3 | 425.0 | 385.0 | -9.4 |
| Foreign | 399.3 | 428.6 | 370.2 | 410.3 | 394.8 | 358.5 | 493.7 | 487.6 | 492.7 | 1.1 |
| Field | ||||||||||
| Engineering | 10,285.0 | 11,081.2 | 10,057.2 | 11,403.4 | 10,948.2 | 11,887.5 | 11,955.6 | 13,113.7 | 13,691.4 | 4.4 |
| Environmental sciences | 3,751.1 | 3,338.9 | 3,207.2 | 3,884.3 | 4,041.0 | 4,365.8 | 4,413.7 | 4,677.8 | 4,911.0 | 5.0 |
| Life sciences | 33,267.1 | 33,909.1 | 29,408.6 | 30,966.7 | 29,328.4 | 30,668.2 | 30,473.0 | 32,041.6 | 32,766.6 | 2.3 |
| Mathematics and computer sciences | 3,611.8 | 3,411.8 | 3,374.3 | 3,527.5 | 3,427.0 | 3,883.2 | 3,862.7 | 4,208.3 | 4,426.6 | 5.2 |
| Physical sciences | 5,821.1 | 5,870.8 | 5,426.6 | 6,407.5 | 6,281.9 | 6,483.1 | 6,510.3 | 6,757.3 | 6,934.1 | 2.6 |
| Psychology | 2,086.3 | 2,155.6 | 1,886.8 | 2,086.6 | 1,935.2 | 1,968.0 | 1,994.9 | 2,119.5 | 2,161.9 | 2.0 |
| Social sciences | 1,159.2 | 1,197.3 | 1,262.4 | 1,124.5 | 1,237.3 | 1,435.1 | 1,136.3 | 1,287.3 | 1,239.8 | -3.7 |
| Other sciences | 3,712.7 | 2,763.2 | 3,400.5 | 2,546.3 | 1,999.3 | 2,217.9 | 3,298.8 | 3,555.1 | 3,612.4 | 1.6 |
| Development obligations | 77,398.2 | 76,626.5 | 77,467.1 | 76,538.3 | 66,187.8 | 67,369.9 | 64,927.8 | 72,309.1 | 72,864.5 | 0.8 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 18,225.2 | 17,630.9 | 22,481.3 | 20,072.8 | 19,546.3 | 20,430.5 | 19,918.5 | 22,431.5 | 22,030.0 | -1.8 |
| Industrial firms | 53,467.0 | 53,242.3 | 47,512.8 | 51,116.1 | 42,172.6 | 42,179.1 | 39,344.9 | 44,402.2 | 45,022.6 | 1.4 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 996.6 | 986.1 | 1,440.1 | 933.0 | 1,082.3 | 990.0 | 837.8 | 815.2 | 975.8 | 19.7 |
| Universities and colleges | 1,389.0 | 1,584.5 | 1,427.1 | 1,219.6 | 1,000.2 | 1,319.2 | 1,452.6 | 1,627.4 | 1,685.3 | 3.6 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 1,254.6 | 1,218.9 | 1,213.3 | 837.3 | 622.1 | 709.9 | 684.9 | 748.4 | 829.6 | 10.9 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 549.0 | 558.3 | 875.8 | 534.1 | 469.5 | 486.5 | 425.6 | 511.8 | 528.8 | 3.3 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,268.7 | 1,150.4 | 1,476.0 | 1,295.2 | 885.1 | 831.5 | 1,654.5 | 1,115.7 | 1,257.3 | 12.7 |
| State and local governments | 48.4 | 73.9 | 434.0 | 101.0 | 72.1 | 51.6 | 66.7 | 142.7 | 89.0 | -37.6 |
| Foreign | 197.6 | 181.3 | 606.6 | 429.2 | 337.6 | 371.6 | 542.3 | 514.2 | 446.1 | -13.2 |
| R&D plant obligations | 3,668.0 | 6,613.3 | 4,170.7 | 2,150.7 | 1,905.1 | 2,217.6 | 2,825.1 | 2,485.2 | 2,799.4 | 12.6 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 804.7 | 1,953.3 | 846.5 | 486.2 | 673.3 | 642.5 | 1,417.2 | 860.5 | 1,088.6 | 26.5 |
| Industrial firms | 396.3 | 1,751.2 | 2,030.0 | 460.5 | 231.5 | 323.3 | 275.6 | 270.2 | 328.2 | 21.5 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 127.7 | 167.7 | 118.3 | 51.8 | 79.5 | 91.2 | 101.7 | 88.8 | 90.7 | 2.2 |
| Universities and colleges | 607.0 | 1,532.6 | 286.0 | 372.5 | 236.6 | 325.8 | 292.2 | 354.1 | 368.4 | 4.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 706.5 | 491.4 | 242.9 | 248.1 | 246.2 | 308.5 | 376.3 | 545.9 | 544.7 | -0.2 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 154.4 | 245.9 | 141.3 | 200.8 | 184.1 | 212.8 | 151.3 | 200.1 | 216.6 | 8.3 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 868.2 | 465.3 | 491.0 | 323.1 | 249.8 | 309.8 | 210.6 | 165.4 | 162.0 | -2.1 |
| State and local governments | 1.2 | 2.0 | 0.2 | # | 0.2 | 0.3 | # | # | # | # |
| Foreign | 2.0 | 4.0 | 14.6 | 7.6 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 8.2 |
| Constant fiscal year 2017 dollars2 | ||||||||||
| Total obligations for research, development, and R&D plant |
$163,246.4 | $163,173.8 | $151,511.6 | $149,575.6 | $133,655.7 | $137,016.1 | $135,050.8 | $145,286.3 | $145,407.7 | 0.1 |
| Research and development obligations | 159,110.0 | 155,831.2 | 146,987.0 | 147,288.2 | 131,655.3 | 134,722.9 | 132,147.3 | 142,753.5 | 142,608.3 | -0.1 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 35,574.9 | 34,320.4 | 38,126.7 | 36,552.5 | 34,611.3 | 35,921.0 | 35,895.9 | 38,644.8 | 38,241.9 | -1.0 |
| Industrial firms | 67,379.3 | 66,469.3 | 58,093.9 | 62,654.8 | 52,015.0 | 51,950.2 | 48,774.4 | 54,757.3 | 54,142.1 | -1.1 |
| Federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) administered by industrial firms |
4,586.5 | 4,381.3 | 4,799.9 | 3,841.3 | 3,985.9 | 4,351.0 | 4,045.2 | 4,563.1 | 4,505.3 | -1.3 |
| Universities and colleges | 35,587.6 | 34,631.8 | 30,028.9 | 29,258.2 | 27,060.6 | 28,365.0 | 28,176.8 | 29,436.6 | 29,922.2 | 1.6 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 3,837.2 | 3,742.2 | 3,729.5 | 3,929.0 | 3,897.3 | 3,930.5 | 4,020.4 | 4,318.9 | 4,608.1 | 6.7 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 7,949.9 | 8,044.2 | 7,199.7 | 6,750.5 | 6,210.8 | 6,344.2 | 6,306.8 | 6,467.2 | 6,490.0 | 0.4 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 3,079.4 | 3,091.1 | 3,171.8 | 2,927.1 | 2,700.5 | 2,644.3 | 3,362.3 | 2,966.3 | 3,285.8 | 10.8 |
| State and local governments | 442.1 | 473.8 | 777.0 | 482.0 | 404.9 | 461.6 | 500.5 | 578.7 | 474.0 | -18.1 |
| Foreign | 673.1 | 677.2 | 1,059.7 | 892.9 | 769.0 | 755.0 | 1,064.8 | 1,020.9 | 938.8 | -8.0 |
| Research obligations | 71,828.1 | 70,755.2 | 62,946.9 | 65,884.7 | 62,158.1 | 65,054.8 | 65,414.5 | 69,059.0 | 69,743.8 | 1.0 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 15,022.3 | 14,745.4 | 13,737.9 | 15,203.7 | 14,087.6 | 14,793.6 | 15,423.7 | 15,783.4 | 16,211.9 | 2.7 |
| Industrial firms | 7,082.2 | 7,356.1 | 6,549.7 | 8,289.4 | 7,733.8 | 8,332.4 | 8,335.9 | 9,504.4 | 9,119.5 | -4.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 3,462.6 | 3,286.5 | 3,237.6 | 2,849.0 | 2,849.5 | 3,327.3 | 3,184.1 | 3,732.2 | 3,529.6 | -5.4 |
| Universities and colleges | 34,021.4 | 32,872.6 | 28,480.7 | 27,961.1 | 26,010.3 | 27,000.8 | 26,683.8 | 27,778.0 | 28,236.9 | 1.7 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 2,422.4 | 2,388.9 | 2,413.1 | 3,038.5 | 3,244.2 | 3,196.3 | 3,316.5 | 3,556.2 | 3,778.5 | 6.3 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 7,330.8 | 7,424.4 | 6,249.6 | 6,182.4 | 5,717.8 | 5,841.1 | 5,869.3 | 5,945.6 | 5,961.2 | 0.3 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,648.7 | 1,813.7 | 1,570.5 | 1,549.6 | 1,771.1 | 1,784.6 | 1,661.8 | 1,829.2 | 2,028.5 | 10.9 |
| State and local governments | 387.5 | 391.7 | 306.1 | 374.6 | 329.2 | 408.2 | 432.0 | 433.1 | 385.0 | -11.1 |
| Foreign | 450.3 | 475.9 | 401.6 | 436.4 | 414.5 | 370.7 | 507.4 | 496.9 | 492.7 | -0.9 |
| Field | ||||||||||
| Engineering | 11,598.4 | 12,303.1 | 10,910.5 | 12,128.3 | 11,495.6 | 12,293.0 | 12,287.9 | 13,365.0 | 13,691.4 | 2.4 |
| Environmental sciences | 4,230.1 | 3,707.1 | 3,479.3 | 4,131.2 | 4,243.1 | 4,514.7 | 4,536.4 | 4,767.4 | 4,911.0 | 3.0 |
| Life sciences | 37,515.3 | 37,648.2 | 31,903.9 | 32,935.2 | 30,794.8 | 31,714.4 | 31,320.1 | 32,655.5 | 32,766.6 | 0.3 |
| Mathematics and computer sciences | 4,073.0 | 3,788.0 | 3,660.6 | 3,751.7 | 3,598.4 | 4,015.7 | 3,970.1 | 4,288.9 | 4,426.6 | 3.2 |
| Physical sciences | 6,564.5 | 6,518.2 | 5,887.0 | 6,814.8 | 6,596.0 | 6,704.3 | 6,691.3 | 6,886.8 | 6,934.1 | 0.7 |
| Psychology | 2,352.7 | 2,393.3 | 2,046.9 | 2,219.2 | 2,032.0 | 2,035.1 | 2,050.4 | 2,160.1 | 2,161.9 | 0.1 |
| Social sciences | 1,307.2 | 1,329.3 | 1,369.5 | 1,196.0 | 1,299.2 | 1,484.1 | 1,167.9 | 1,312.0 | 1,239.8 | -5.5 |
| Other sciences | 4,186.8 | 3,067.9 | 3,689.0 | 2,708.2 | 2,099.3 | 2,293.6 | 3,390.5 | 3,623.2 | 3,612.4 | -0.3 |
| Development obligations | 87,282.0 | 85,076.0 | 84,040.1 | 81,403.6 | 69,497.2 | 69,668.1 | 66,732.7 | 73,694.5 | 72,864.5 | -1.1 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 20,552.6 | 19,575.0 | 24,388.8 | 21,348.8 | 20,523.6 | 21,127.4 | 20,472.2 | 22,861.3 | 22,030.0 | -3.6 |
| Industrial firms | 60,294.7 | 59,113.3 | 51,544.2 | 54,365.4 | 44,281.2 | 43,617.9 | 40,438.6 | 45,252.9 | 45,022.6 | -0.5 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 1,123.9 | 1,094.8 | 1,562.3 | 992.3 | 1,136.4 | 1,023.8 | 861.1 | 830.8 | 975.8 | 17.5 |
| Universities and colleges | 1,566.4 | 1,759.2 | 1,548.2 | 1,297.1 | 1,050.2 | 1,364.2 | 1,493.0 | 1,658.6 | 1,685.3 | 1.6 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 1,414.8 | 1,353.3 | 1,316.2 | 890.5 | 653.2 | 734.1 | 703.9 | 762.7 | 829.6 | 8.8 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 619.1 | 619.9 | 950.1 | 568.1 | 493.0 | 503.1 | 437.4 | 521.6 | 528.8 | 1.4 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,430.7 | 1,277.3 | 1,601.2 | 1,377.5 | 929.4 | 859.9 | 1,700.5 | 1,137.1 | 1,257.3 | 10.6 |
| State and local governments | 54.6 | 82.0 | 470.8 | 107.4 | 75.7 | 53.4 | 68.6 | 145.4 | 89.0 | -38.8 |
| Foreign | 222.8 | 201.3 | 658.1 | 456.5 | 354.5 | 384.3 | 557.4 | 524.1 | 446.1 | -14.9 |
| R&D plant obligations | 4,136.4 | 7,342.5 | 4,524.6 | 2,287.4 | 2,000.4 | 2,293.2 | 2,903.6 | 2,532.8 | 2,799.4 | 10.5 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 907.5 | 2,168.7 | 918.3 | 517.1 | 707.0 | 664.4 | 1,456.6 | 877.0 | 1,088.6 | 24.1 |
| Industrial firms | 446.9 | 1,944.3 | 2,202.2 | 489.8 | 243.1 | 334.3 | 283.3 | 275.4 | 328.2 | 19.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 144.0 | 186.2 | 128.3 | 55.1 | 83.5 | 94.3 | 104.5 | 90.5 | 90.7 | 0.2 |
| Universities and colleges | 684.5 | 1,701.6 | 310.3 | 396.2 | 248.4 | 336.9 | 300.3 | 360.9 | 368.4 | 2.1 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 796.7 | 545.6 | 263.5 | 263.9 | 258.5 | 319.0 | 386.8 | 556.4 | 544.7 | -2.1 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 174.1 | 273.0 | 153.3 | 213.6 | 193.3 | 220.1 | 155.5 | 203.9 | 216.6 | 6.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 979.1 | 516.6 | 532.7 | 343.6 | 262.3 | 320.4 | 216.5 | 168.6 | 162.0 | -3.9 |
| State and local governments | 1.4 | 2.2 | 0.2 | # | 0.2 | 0.3 | # | # | # | # |
| Foreign | 2.3 | 4.4 | 15.8 | 8.1 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -1.9 |
| # Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||
| 1 Includes costs associated with the administration of intramural and extramural programs by federal personnel as well as actual intramural performance. | ||||||||||
| 2 Data adjusted by the federal budget composite deflator reported in U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2018. | ||||||||||
| NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Totals do not include the Central Intelligence Agency. | ||||||||||
| SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, 2009 through 2017, retrieved April 5, 2018, from https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/fedfunds/2015/. (This table was prepared April 2018.) |