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Digest of Education Statistics
2017 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest


Table 230.20. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported that gangs were present at school during the school year, by selected student and school characteristics and urbanicity: Selected years, 2001 through 2015
[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Year and urbanicity Total Sex Race/ethnicity1 Grade Control of school
Male Female White Black Hispanic Asian Other 6th grade 7th grade 8th grade 9th grade 10th grade 11th grade 12th grade Public Private
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
20012                                                                                                      
Total 20.1   (0.71) 21.4   (0.86) 18.8   (0.90) 15.5   (0.72) 28.6   (1.90) 32.0   (1.82)   (†) 21.4   (2.18) 11.2   (1.28) 15.7   (1.09) 17.3   (1.22) 24.3   (1.27) 23.6   (1.48) 24.2   (1.56) 21.1   (1.54) 21.6   (0.77) 4.9   (1.05)
Urban 28.9   (1.23) 31.9   (1.62) 25.9   (1.52) 20.5   (1.28) 32.4   (2.79) 40.3   (2.45)   (†) 27.0   (4.41) 14.9   (2.45) 23.7   (2.54) 24.0   (2.66) 35.3   (2.77) 33.1   (3.08) 34.2   (3.18) 34.1   (3.21) 31.9   (1.35) 5.0   (1.38)
Suburban 18.3   (0.72) 18.9   (0.92) 17.5   (1.08) 15.4   (0.75) 25.4   (2.79) 27.1   (2.25)   (†) 20.0   (2.95) 9.0   (1.52) 13.7   (1.16) 16.6   (1.50) 20.8   (1.48) 22.3   (1.58) 22.7   (1.71) 18.6   (1.81) 19.5   (0.80) 4.3 ! (1.45)
Rural 13.3   (1.71) 14.0   (2.08) 12.5   (1.84) 12.1   (1.70) 22.5   (5.78) 16.8 ! (7.49)   (†)   (†) 11.0   (2.78) 8.9   (1.87) 10.1   (2.24) 18.9   (3.03) 14.4   (3.05) 15.8   (3.85) 11.5 ! (4.51) 13.7   (1.80)   (†)
                                                                                                       
20032                                                                                                      
Total 20.9   (0.70) 22.3   (0.95) 19.5   (0.79) 14.2   (0.59) 29.5   (2.14) 37.2   (1.76)   (†) 22.0   (2.54) 10.9   (1.28) 16.3   (1.14) 17.9   (1.29) 26.1   (1.44) 26.3   (1.37) 23.4   (1.64) 22.2   (1.50) 22.5   (0.78) 3.9   (0.82)
Urban 30.9   (1.33) 32.1   (1.71) 29.7   (1.84) 19.8   (1.71) 32.8   (2.43) 42.6   (2.17)   (†) 30.6   (4.09) 21.6   (3.42) 25.5   (2.32) 25.2   (2.63) 38.2   (3.25) 35.3   (2.82) 34.6   (2.81) 34.8   (2.75) 33.7   (1.50) 6.0   (1.62)
Suburban 18.4   (0.84) 20.5   (1.07) 16.3   (0.92) 13.8   (0.67) 28.3   (3.93) 34.6   (2.14)   (†) 18.2   (2.96) 7.5   (1.25) 13.2   (1.28) 16.2   (1.65) 24.3   (1.58) 24.1   (1.72) 20.4   (2.34) 19.3   (1.91) 19.9   (0.91) 2.4 ! (0.78)
Rural 12.3   (1.81) 12.2   (2.00) 12.4   (2.34) 10.7   (1.42) 21.8 ! (7.17) 12.7 ! (4.11)   (†)   (†)   (†) 9.4   (2.56) 10.9 ! (3.26) 13.8   (3.00) 18.0   (3.50) 15.0   (3.30) 13.3   (3.60) 12.8   (2.02)   (†)
                                                                                                       
20052                                                                                                      
Total 24.2   (0.93) 25.3   (1.07) 22.9   (1.09) 16.8   (0.83) 37.6   (2.41) 38.9   (2.69) 20.2   (2.59) 27.7   (4.62) 12.1   (1.41) 17.3   (1.21) 19.1   (1.79) 28.3   (1.59) 32.6   (1.89) 28.0   (1.89) 27.9   (2.16) 25.8   (1.01) 4.2   (0.94)
Urban 36.2   (2.00) 37.4   (2.31) 35.0   (2.42) 23.7   (1.87) 41.8   (2.93) 48.9   (4.44) 25.0   (5.16) 33.9   (8.68) 19.9   (3.11) 24.2   (2.64) 30.5   (3.81) 40.3   (3.70) 50.6   (3.79) 44.3   (3.89) 39.5   (3.73) 39.1   (2.12) 7.7   (2.26)
Suburban 20.8   (0.93) 22.4   (1.14) 19.1   (1.15) 16.0   (0.87) 36.2   (4.41) 32.1   (2.52) 18.1   (2.87) 29.0   (6.12) 8.9   (1.52) 14.9   (1.46) 14.6   (2.01) 24.8   (1.92) 27.9   (2.37) 25.5   (2.21) 25.1   (2.60) 22.3   (1.01) 3.0 ! (1.02)
Rural 16.4   (2.53) 16.1   (3.20) 16.7   (2.79) 14.1   (2.46) 24.4   (6.75) 26.2   (6.51) 19.0 ! (9.22)   (†) 8.3   (3.29) 15.2   (3.46) 14.7   (4.22) 21.0   (4.00) 22.0   (3.61) 13.3 ! (4.36) 15.8 ! (5.82) 17.2   (2.67)   (†)
                                                                                                       
2007                                                                                                      
Total 23.2   (0.80) 25.1   (1.07) 21.3   (0.87) 16.0   (0.70) 37.6   (2.26) 36.1   (2.04) 17.4   (2.72) 26.4   (3.63) 15.3   (1.99) 17.4   (1.28) 20.6   (1.68) 28.0   (1.51) 28.1   (1.73) 25.9   (1.61) 24.4   (1.69) 24.9   (0.87) 5.2   (1.14)
Urban 32.3   (1.49) 35.3   (2.01) 29.2   (1.62) 23.4   (1.98) 39.7   (3.07) 40.4   (2.90) 18.4   (4.30) 31.9   (6.10) 17.8   (3.45) 24.1   (2.96) 25.9   (2.90) 41.1   (3.40) 38.6   (3.36) 34.7   (3.05) 38.4   (4.01) 35.6   (1.61) 7.3   (2.07)
Suburban 21.0   (0.97) 23.1   (1.36) 18.9   (1.19) 15.9   (0.92) 35.5   (3.16) 33.3   (2.66) 16.3   (3.63) 29.0   (5.14) 14.0   (2.40) 15.4   (1.67) 19.6   (2.23) 23.1   (1.78) 26.6   (2.01) 23.6   (2.22) 22.4   (2.26) 22.7   (1.05) 2.8 ! (1.09)
Rural 15.5   (2.78) 14.9   (2.69) 16.1   (3.18) 10.9   (1.59) 36.8   (10.42) 27.5 ! (10.34)   (†) 14.3 ! (6.01) 15.6 ! (6.21) 13.1   (2.79) 14.7   (4.26) 21.7   (4.43) 15.2   (3.39) 18.7   (3.98) 7.6 ! (2.90) 15.6   (2.91) 11.8 ! (5.84)
                                                                                                       
2009                                                                                                      
Total 20.4   (0.85) 20.9   (1.12) 19.9   (1.03) 14.1   (0.79) 31.4   (2.62) 33.0   (2.20) 17.2   (3.21) 15.3   (4.07) 11.0   (1.76) 14.8   (1.70) 15.9   (1.60) 24.9   (2.01) 27.7   (1.75) 22.6   (1.53) 21.9   (2.02) 22.0   (0.89) 2.3 ! (0.82)
Urban 30.7   (1.86) 32.8   (2.35) 28.6   (2.29) 19.4   (1.99) 40.0   (3.76) 38.9   (3.31) 18.9   (4.63) 23.2 ! (9.05) 14.5   (4.13) 21.0   (3.37) 24.4   (3.24) 34.2   (4.01) 44.8   (3.41) 34.9   (4.08) 36.0   (4.32) 33.7   (1.94) 4.1 ! (1.83)
Suburban 16.6   (0.80) 17.2   (1.10) 16.0   (1.17) 13.5   (0.91) 20.2   (2.75) 28.3   (2.64) 14.5   (3.95) 14.8 ! (6.41) 9.7   (1.90) 11.2   (1.89) 11.8   (1.73) 22.4   (2.10) 21.0   (2.07) 19.4   (1.88) 17.6   (2.29) 18.1   (0.85)   (†)
Rural 16.0   (3.08) 13.7   (3.37) 18.1   (3.18) 11.8   (2.09) 35.4   (9.77) 27.3 ! (10.84)   (†)   (†) 8.3 ! (3.11) 16.5   (4.19) 14.2 ! (4.41) 18.8   (5.04) 19.6   (5.02) 13.4   (3.50) 17.3 ! (5.37) 16.2   (3.18)   (†)
                                                                                                       
2011                                                                                                      
Total 17.5   (0.71) 17.5   (0.95) 17.5   (0.88) 11.1   (0.67) 32.7   (2.23) 26.4   (1.55) 9.9   (2.24) 9.9   (2.12) 8.2   (1.20) 10.2   (1.08) 11.3   (1.02) 21.7   (1.47) 23.0   (1.63) 23.2   (1.74) 21.3   (1.82) 18.9   (0.77) 1.9 ! (0.69)
Urban 22.8   (1.34) 23.0   (1.90) 22.6   (1.53) 13.9   (1.60) 31.6   (2.75) 31.0   (2.34) 7.6 ! (2.29) 12.3   (3.41) 5.4 ! (1.98) 11.7   (2.02) 16.2   (2.29) 27.5   (3.12) 31.1   (3.13) 28.1   (3.17) 32.9   (3.88) 25.7   (1.47)   (†)
Suburban 16.1   (0.97) 16.5   (1.24) 15.6   (1.18) 11.3   (0.89) 33.5   (4.08) 23.2   (1.95) 12.0 ! (3.69) 10.4 ! (3.54) 8.6   (1.79) 9.3   (1.37) 9.0   (1.22) 18.9   (1.79) 21.5   (2.10) 23.7   (2.46) 18.5   (2.27) 17.1   (1.01) 2.9 ! (1.20)
Rural 12.1   (2.42) 10.2   (2.23) 14.1   (3.18) 7.7   (1.31) 34.5   (6.62) 22.1 ! (10.47)   (†)   (†) 11.1   (2.97) 10.1   (2.64) 9.6 ! (2.89) 19.3   (4.99) 13.9   (4.02) 10.6   (3.69) 9.2 ! (3.04) 12.5   (2.49)   (†)
                                                                                                       
2013                                                                                                      
Total 12.4   (0.62) 12.9   (0.85) 12.0   (0.73) 7.5   (0.63) 18.6   (1.72) 20.1   (1.34) 9.4   (1.85) 14.3   (2.68) 5.0   (1.15) 7.7   (0.96) 7.8   (0.96) 13.9   (1.43) 17.7   (1.46) 17.1   (1.65) 14.6   (1.58) 13.3   (0.67) 2.3 ! (0.94)
Urban 18.3   (1.23) 18.6   (1.61) 18.0   (1.38) 14.3   (1.73) 20.6   (2.36) 22.6   (2.15) 10.4   (2.61) 17.9 ! (5.59) 9.6   (2.75) 12.0   (2.44) 13.2   (2.30) 19.6   (2.53) 24.8   (2.86) 26.7   (3.21) 18.2   (3.07) 19.9   (1.35) 4.6 ! (2.08)
Suburban 10.8   (0.76) 11.7   (1.09) 9.8   (0.92) 6.5   (0.76) 17.3   (3.02) 19.3   (1.69) 8.2 ! (2.59) 13.0   (3.29) 3.0 ! (1.25) 6.6   (1.14) 6.3   (1.19) 12.2   (1.95) 15.4   (1.91) 15.1   (2.00) 14.1   (2.06) 11.7   (0.82)   (†)
Rural 6.8   (1.44) 5.7   (1.38) 7.9   (1.92) 4.1   (1.20) 16.1   (4.49) 9.4 ! (4.52)   (†) 11.9 ! (5.43)   (†) 4.2 ! (1.88)   (†) 8.0 ! (3.19) 11.3   (3.37) 8.1 ! (3.32) 9.0 ! (3.56) 6.8   (1.47)   (†)
                                                                                                       
2015                                                                                                      
Total 10.7   (0.60) 10.9   (0.79) 10.4   (0.82) 7.4   (0.56) 17.1   (1.85) 15.3   (1.45) 4.1 ! (1.47) 12.7   (3.20) 5.7   (1.13) 6.8   (0.95) 7.2   (1.00) 13.3   (1.42) 13.3   (1.27) 13.3   (1.74) 13.1   (1.58) 11.3   (0.64) 2.4 ! (0.90)
Urban 15.3   (1.22) 14.8   (1.74) 15.8   (1.60) 12.3   (1.69) 19.3   (2.93) 17.8   (2.19) 5.9 ! (2.66) 17.5 ! (6.58) 6.4 ! (2.02) 9.0   (2.10) 10.9   (2.21) 19.5   (3.12) 19.8   (2.48) 21.9   (3.69) 17.3   (3.12) 16.4   (1.31) 4.4 ! (1.89)
Suburban 10.2   (0.75) 10.7   (1.07) 9.6   (0.98) 7.1   (0.77) 19.3   (2.50) 14.7   (1.82)   (†) 11.4 ! (4.12) 6.0   (1.46) 5.8   (1.11) 6.3   (1.37) 13.4   (1.93) 12.1   (1.82) 12.1   (2.02) 13.3   (2.07) 10.7   (0.80)   (†)
Rural 3.9   (0.90) 4.2   (1.19) 3.7   (1.03) 3.5   (0.92) 3.4 ! (1.71)   (†)   (†)   (†)   (†) 5.5 ! (1.96) 3.2 ! (1.60) 4.5 ! (1.80) 5.3 ! (2.63)   (†)   (†) 4.1   (0.93)   (†)
—Not available.
†Not applicable.
!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.
‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.
1 Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. "Other" includes American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians (prior to 2005), Pacific Islanders, and, from 2003 onward, persons of Two or more races. Due to changes in racial/ethnic categories, comparisons of race/ethnicity across years should be made with caution.
2 In 2005 and prior years, the period covered by the survey question was "during the last 6 months," whereas the period was "during this school year" beginning in 2007. Cognitive testing showed that estimates for earlier years are comparable to those for 2007 and later years.
NOTE: "Urbanicity" refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status of the respondent's household as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Categories include "central city of an MSA (Urban)," "in MSA but not in central city (Suburban)," and "not MSA (Rural)." All gangs, whether or not they are involved in violent or illegal activity, are included. "At school" includes in the school building, on school property, on a school bus, and going to and from school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey, 2001 through 2015. (This table was prepared August 2016.)

2017 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest