Table 220.50.

Number and percentage distribution of kindergartners, by fall 2010 kindergarten entry status and selected child, family, and school characteristics: 2010-11

[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Selected child, family, or school characteristic	All kindergartners1						Percentage distribution of kindergartners, by entry status2
	Number (in thousands)			Percentage distribution, by selected characteristics			Total1		Early kindergarten entrants			On-time kindergarten entrants		Delayed kindergarten entrants			Kindergarten repeaters
1	2			3			4		5			6		7			8
Total	4,054		(5.7)	100.0		(†)	100.0	(†)	1.5		(0.17)	86.6	(0.91)	5.9		(0.41)	6.0		(0.87)
Sex of child
Male	2,097		(18.9)	51.7		(0.47)	100.0	(†)	1.1		(0.16)	85.0	(1.03)	6.8		(0.63)	7.1		(0.90)
Female	1,957		(19.7)	48.3		(0.47)	100.0	(†)	1.9		(0.24)	88.3	(0.96)	4.9		(0.35)	4.9		(0.90)
Age of child at first kindergarten entry3
Less than 5 years old	234		(33.2)	6.4		(0.90)	100.0	(†)	12.3		(2.57)	47.2	(7.36)	1.2		(0.32)	39.3		(8.87)
5 years old to 5 1/2 years old	1,557		(31.0)	42.3		(0.62)	100.0	(†)	1.0		(0.18)	92.3	(0.56)	1.3		(0.18)	5.4		(0.42)
More than 5 1/2 years old to 6 years old	1,572		(31.6)	42.7		(0.68)	100.0	(†)	0.5		(0.11)	92.3	(0.49)	4.7		(0.48)	2.5		(0.29)
More than 6 years old	315		(15.7)	8.6		(0.41)	100.0	(†)	‡		(†)	60.4	(3.20)	38.3		(3.14)	1.1	!	(0.47)
Race/ethnicity of child
White	2,080		(70.5)	51.3		(1.75)	100.0	(†)	1.0		(0.17)	86.5	(0.75)	7.4		(0.64)	5.1		(0.59)
Black	547		(52.2)	13.5		(1.29)	100.0	(†)	1.8	!	(0.64)	85.4	(3.29)	3.1		(0.40)	9.7	!	(3.26)
Hispanic	1,004		(54.0)	24.8		(1.33)	100.0	(†)	1.7		(0.32)	88.3	(0.93)	3.7		(0.40)	6.3		(0.84)
Asian	186		(28.4)	4.6		(0.70)	100.0	(†)	5.1	!	(1.55)	84.0	(2.27)	6.1		(1.15)	4.8	!	(1.70)
Pacific Islander	17		(3.0)	0.4		(0.07)	100.0	(†)	‡		(†)	90.3	(4.38)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
American Indian/Alaska Native	49	!	(21.4)	1.2	!	(0.53)	100.0	(†)	‡		(†)	81.3	(2.01)	8.0		(1.87)	8.2		(2.37)
Two or more races	169		(9.2)	4.2		(0.23)	100.0	(†)	1.5	!	(0.49)	86.4	(1.85)	6.6		(1.28)	5.5		(1.19)
Primary type of nonparental care arrangement
prior to kindergarten entry4
No regular nonparental arrangement	815		(29.3)	21.5		(0.75)	100.0	(†)	1.3		(0.25)	85.1	(1.21)	5.6		(0.55)	8.1		(1.12)
Home-based care
Relative care	560		(17.3)	14.8		(0.44)	100.0	(†)	1.6		(0.31)	87.3	(1.06)	4.7		(0.51)	6.5		(0.85)
Nonrelative care	225		(12.7)	5.9		(0.33)	100.0	(†)	0.9	!	(0.35)	87.9	(1.46)	7.4		(1.26)	3.8		(0.74)
Center-based care	2,103		(33.3)	55.4		(0.90)	100.0	(†)	1.7		(0.25)	87.0	(1.02)	6.2		(0.53)	5.1		(0.96)
Multiple arrangements	90		(6.5)	2.4		(0.17)	100.0	(†)	0.7	!	(0.34)	86.6	(1.87)	5.9		(1.51)	6.7		(1.87)
Parents' employment status, fall 20105
Two parents
Both employed full time	824		(24.5)	25.0		(0.68)	100.0	(†)	1.8		(0.25)	87.3	(0.97)	6.4		(0.75)	4.5		(0.59)
One employed full time, one part time	524		(20.1)	15.9		(0.51)	100.0	(†)	1.5		(0.35)	88.1	(0.77)	6.8		(0.59)	3.5		(0.65)
One employed full time,       one looking for work	141		(8.0)	4.3		(0.23)	100.0	(†)	2.4	!	(0.87)	86.8	(2.08)	3.5	!	(1.31)	7.3		(1.51)
One employed full time,       one not in labor force	779		(28.2)	23.6		(0.81)	100.0	(†)	1.1		(0.22)	86.8	(1.11)	6.7		(0.64)	5.4		(0.90)
Other combination	220		(12.5)	6.7		(0.35)	100.0	(†)	1.7		(0.46)	84.8	(1.56)	5.8		(1.05)	7.7		(1.41)
Single parent
Employed full time	348		(17.0)	10.5		(0.47)	100.0	(†)	1.6		(0.41)	88.4	(1.49)	4.1		(0.53)	5.9		(1.46)
Employed part time	135		(8.3)	4.1		(0.24)	100.0	(†)	1.0	!	(0.45)	87.6	(2.03)	5.5		(1.16)	5.8		(1.51)
Looking for work	116		(8.9)	3.5		(0.26)	100.0	(†)	‡		(†)	84.3	(2.53)	6.1		(1.48)	8.8		(2.31)
Not in labor force	137		(10.1)	4.1		(0.30)	100.0	(†)	‡		(†)	83.0	(2.42)	5.7		(1.14)	9.9		(2.02)
No parent in household	79		(5.6)	2.4		(0.17)	100.0	(†)	‡		(†)	82.2	(2.26)	3.8	!	(1.52)	12.1		(2.28)
Parents' highest level of education6
Less than high school	388		(18.6)	9.6		(0.46)	100.0	(†)	2.0		(0.50)	82.7	(1.48)	4.7		(0.85)	10.7		(1.58)
High school completion	852		(23.0)	21.1		(0.56)	100.0	(†)	1.1		(0.26)	86.3	(1.20)	4.4		(0.53)	8.1		(1.15)
Some college/vocational	1,292		(27.3)	32.0		(0.67)	100.0	(†)	1.0		(0.18)	88.4	(1.23)	4.8		(0.55)	5.9		(1.09)
Bachelor's degree	792		(24.6)	19.6		(0.60)	100.0	(†)	1.8		(0.34)	85.3	(0.98)	8.4		(0.67)	4.5		(0.79)
Any graduate education	711		(29.2)	17.6		(0.73)	100.0	(†)	2.2		(0.44)	87.0	(0.75)	7.4		(0.64)	3.4		(0.60)
Household type, fall 2010
Two-parent household	2,563		(50.1)	75.1		(0.92)	100.0	(†)	1.5		(0.19)	87.1	(0.75)	6.3		(0.50)	5.1		(0.65)
Mother-only household	719		(31.1)	21.1		(0.84)	100.0	(†)	1.2		(0.27)	86.8	(1.59)	4.6		(0.48)	7.3		(1.57)
Father-only household	51		(3.5)	1.5		(0.10)	100.0	(†)	‡		(†)	83.5	(2.75)	9.7	!	(2.96)	4.6	!	(2.04)
Other household type	79		(5.6)	2.3		(0.17)	100.0	(†)	‡		(†)	82.2	(2.26)	3.8	!	(1.52)	12.1		(2.28)
Primary home language
English	3,338		(36.8)	82.6		(0.89)	100.0	(†)	1.3		(0.17)	86.8	(0.90)	6.3		(0.45)	5.7		(0.84)
Non-English	663		(33.7)	16.4		(0.84)	100.0	(†)	2.6		(0.67)	85.1	(1.64)	4.0		(0.53)	8.3		(1.56)
Primary language not identified	42		(4.9)	1.0		(0.12)	100.0	(†)	1.9	!	(0.89)	90.6	(2.55)	‡		(†)	5.6	!	(2.18)
Poverty status7
Below poverty threshold	893		(35.8)	26.3		(1.03)	100.0	(†)	1.2		(0.30)	84.5	(1.64)	4.4		(0.53)	9.9		(1.63)
100 to 199 percent of poverty threshold	762		(18.1)	22.5		(0.51)	100.0	(†)	0.9		(0.20)	87.1	(1.31)	5.7		(0.64)	6.3		(1.07)
200 percent or more of poverty threshold	1,736		(44.5)	51.2		(1.25)	100.0	(†)	1.8		(0.26)	87.2	(0.64)	7.3		(0.57)	3.8		(0.52)
Socioeconomic status8
Lowest 20 percent	799		(29.9)	19.8		(0.75)	100.0	(†)	1.5		(0.33)	84.1	(1.46)	4.3		(0.51)	10.1		(1.55)
Middle 60 percent	2,429		(30.6)	60.2		(0.73)	100.0	(†)	1.2		(0.16)	87.1	(1.01)	5.9		(0.52)	5.7		(0.88)
Highest 20 percent	808		(33.5)	20.0		(0.83)	100.0	(†)	2.4		(0.47)	87.2	(0.70)	7.2		(0.61)	3.2		(0.59)
School type
Public	3,329		(48.4)	88.5		(0.18)	100.0	(†)	0.8		(0.11)	87.8	(0.86)	5.6		(0.42)	5.8		(0.77)
Private	432		(5.1)	11.5		(0.18)	100.0	(†)	6.8		(1.12)	78.0	(1.87)	7.8		(0.90)	7.5		(2.18)

†Not applicable.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.

1Includes students with missing kindergarten entry status information.

2A child who enrolled in kindergarten for the first time in 2010-11 is classified as an early, on-time, or delayed kindergarten entrant depending on whether the parent reported enrolling the child early, enrolling the child when he or she was old enough, or waiting until the child was older relative to school guidelines about when children can start school based on their birth date. A child is classified as a kindergarten repeater if the parent reported that 2010-11 was the child’s second (or third or more) year of kindergarten.

3Most of the children first entered kindergarten in 2010-11, but the children who were repeating kindergarten in 2010-11--that is, the “Kindergarten repeaters” shown in column 8--had first entered kindergarten in an earlier school year.

4The type of nonparental care in which the child spent the most hours. “Multiple arrangements” refers to children who spent an equal amount of time in each of two or more arrangements.

5Parents who reported working at least 35 hours per week are defined as employed full time, while those who reported working less than 35 hours per week are defined as employed part time. Those neither employed nor looking for work are not in the labor force.

6Parents’ highest level of education is the highest level of education achieved by either of the parents or guardians in a two-parent household, by the only parent in a single-parent household, or by any guardian in a household with no parents.

7Poverty status is based on preliminary U.S. Census income thresholds for 2010, which identify incomes determined to meet household needs, given family size and composition. For example, a family of three with one child was below the poverty threshold if its income was less than $17,552 in 2010.

8Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score based on parental education and occupations and household income at the time of data collection.

NOTE: Estimates weighted by W1_2P0. Estimates pertain to a sample of children who were enrolled in kindergarten in the 2010-11 school year. Two parents may refer to two biological parents, two adoptive parents, or one biological/adoptive parent and one other parent/partner. Single parent refers to one biological or adoptive parent only. In households without parents, the guardian or guardians may be related or unrelated to the child. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and survey item nonresponse. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011), Kindergarten-First Grade Restricted-Use Data File. (This table was prepared February 2015.)