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| 2017 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 207.40. | Percentage of elementary and secondary school children whose parents were involved in school activities, by selected child, parent, and school characteristics: 2003, 2012, and 2016 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected child, parent, or school characteristic | Percent of children whose parents reported the following types of involvement in school activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2003 | 2012 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Attended a general school meeting |
Attended parent-teacher conference | Attended a class event | Volunteered at school | Attended a school meeting |
Attended parent-teacher conference | Attended a class event | Volunteered at school | Attended a general school meeting |
Attended parent-teacher conference | Attended a class event | Volunteered at school | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 87.7 | (0.37) | 77.1 | (0.42) | 69.9 | (0.42) | 41.8 | (0.61) | 87.4 | (0.41) | 75.8 | (0.43) | 74.4 | (0.45) | 41.7 | (0.49) | 88.6 | (0.47) | 77.7 | (0.53) | 79.3 | (0.54) | 43.4 | (0.67) | ||||||||||||
| Sex of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 87.4 | (0.49) | 77.7 | (0.63) | 67.4 | (0.75) | 41.2 | (0.88) | 87.1 | (0.66) | 76.4 | (0.61) | 72.3 | (0.65) | 40.0 | (0.71) | 87.5 | (0.80) | 78.6 | (0.74) | 77.2 | (0.97) | 41.9 | (0.82) | ||||||||||||
| Female | 87.9 | (0.56) | 76.5 | (0.63) | 72.6 | (0.62) | 42.4 | (0.83) | 87.7 | (0.50) | 75.1 | (0.61) | 76.7 | (0.68) | 43.5 | (0.88) | 89.8 | (0.56) | 76.6 | (0.76) | 81.6 | (0.60) | 45.0 | (0.87) | ||||||||||||
| Race/ethnicity of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 88.7 | (0.50) | 76.3 | (0.62) | 74.1 | (0.65) | 48.3 | (0.82) | 89.1 | (0.50) | 77.2 | (0.56) | 81.5 | (0.54) | 49.6 | (0.72) | 90.6 | (0.52) | 78.8 | (0.67) | 85.8 | (0.63) | 49.1 | (0.83) | ||||||||||||
| Black | 88.7 | (0.85) | 78.7 | (1.35) | 63.3 | (1.54) | 31.9 | (1.64) | 85.0 | (1.35) | 76.1 | (1.35) | 68.0 | (1.66) | 30.3 | (1.33) | 87.2 | (1.72) | 78.9 | (1.60) | 72.2 | (2.02) | 33.9 | (1.81) | ||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 82.6 | (1.05) | 78.1 | (1.10) | 60.9 | (1.36) | 27.7 | (1.23) | 85.7 | (0.98) | 72.8 | (1.08) | 64.0 | (1.34) | 31.7 | (1.14) | 86.7 | (0.98) | 74.6 | (1.38) | 71.3 | (1.29) | 35.9 | (1.49) | ||||||||||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander1 | 88.5 | (2.14) | 77.7 | (3.03) | 65.1 | (3.65) | 33.8 | (2.69) | 83.0 | (1.72) | 71.5 | (2.01) | 65.8 | (2.21) | 35.2 | (2.22) | 80.0 | (3.59) | 76.4 | (2.25) | 71.1 | (2.49) | 41.7 | (2.96) | ||||||||||||
| Asian | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 82.5 | (1.80) | 71.5 | (2.03) | 65.0 | (2.30) | 34.0 | (2.33) | 79.5 | (3.71) | 76.4 | (2.36) | 71.9 | (2.57) | 41.4 | (3.07) | ||||||||||||
| Pacific Islander | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 90.7 | (3.96) | 71.4 | (8.97) | 79.0 | (6.32) | 54.3 | (11.37) | 92.0 | (5.24) | 78.7 | (10.09) | 52.3 | (11.66) | 48.2 | (10.95) | ||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 85.1 | (5.22) | 85.1 | (6.68) | 69.5 | (7.37) | 18.9 | (5.57) | 85.1 | (4.91) | 79.9 | (6.85) | 75.6 | (6.61) | 42.3 | (8.61) | 93.0 | (3.05) | 87.5 | (4.36) | 80.1 | (7.45) | 59.4 | (10.56) | ||||||||||||
| Two or more races | 87.2 | (2.45) | 74.9 | (3.63) | 72.3 | (2.84) | 47.7 | (3.79) | 88.8 | (1.30) | 78.4 | (2.31) | 76.0 | (2.52) | 45.3 | (2.57) | 91.2 | (1.37) | 78.1 | (2.29) | 83.1 | (2.07) | 48.0 | (3.17) | ||||||||||||
| Highest education level of parents/guardians in the household2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 69.8 | (2.04) | 67.8 | (2.50) | 42.4 | (2.42) | 15.6 | (2.04) | 77.0 | (1.79) | 63.3 | (1.88) | 48.0 | (2.04) | 18.3 | (1.72) | 76.4 | (2.98) | 69.8 | (2.74) | 54.3 | (2.75) | 25.0 | (2.70) | ||||||||||||
| High school/GED | 83.8 | (0.91) | 75.4 | (0.94) | 62.1 | (1.28) | 30.3 | (1.27) | 82.1 | (1.42) | 72.2 | (1.23) | 62.3 | (1.45) | 27.6 | (1.38) | 82.2 | (1.34) | 73.1 | (1.55) | 69.5 | (1.70) | 26.5 | (1.99) | ||||||||||||
| Vocational/technical or some college |
88.5 | (0.67) | 78.0 | (1.02) | 69.1 | (0.94) | 38.8 | (1.25) | 87.5 | (0.62) | 75.4 | (1.02) | 76.1 | (0.99) | 39.0 | (1.14) | 89.2 | (0.75) | 75.7 | (1.08) | 78.2 | (1.21) | 34.7 | (1.20) | ||||||||||||
| Associate's degree | 88.6 | (1.27) | 76.6 | (1.68) | 73.0 | (1.76) | 39.7 | (1.67) | 88.9 | (0.91) | 79.5 | (1.13) | 80.5 | (1.37) | 44.9 | (1.77) | 90.2 | (1.08) | 77.6 | (1.30) | 83.4 | (1.45) | 44.8 | (1.70) | ||||||||||||
| Bachelor's degree/some graduate school |
92.0 | (0.73) | 79.8 | (0.89) | 80.1 | (0.94) | 53.9 | (1.30) | 92.1 | (0.53) | 79.9 | (0.62) | 85.0 | (0.63) | 55.0 | (1.11) | 92.9 | (0.57) | 81.5 | (0.96) | 87.3 | (0.71) | 54.0 | (1.18) | ||||||||||||
| Graduate/professional degree | 94.6 | (0.74) | 79.5 | (1.00) | 80.8 | (1.10) | 61.7 | (1.57) | 95.1 | (0.47) | 83.0 | (0.68) | 90.1 | (0.59) | 61.8 | (1.30) | 95.3 | (0.47) | 83.8 | (0.75) | 92.7 | (0.60) | 64.9 | (1.05) | ||||||||||||
| Family income (in current dollars) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $20,000 or less | 79.8 | (1.43) | 74.6 | (1.33) | 56.6 | (1.42) | 26.1 | (1.45) | 79.9 | (1.15) | 69.4 | (1.36) | 57.2 | (1.31) | 24.1 | (1.18) | 79.5 | (2.18) | 73.7 | (1.89) | 61.4 | (1.98) | 24.2 | (1.78) | ||||||||||||
| $20,001 to $50,000 | 85.1 | (0.67) | 77.3 | (0.85) | 66.2 | (0.94) | 34.6 | (1.14) | 84.3 | (0.73) | 74.5 | (1.04) | 67.2 | (1.28) | 31.1 | (1.22) | 85.0 | (1.12) | 76.0 | (1.18) | 70.2 | (1.47) | 31.9 | (1.63) | ||||||||||||
| $50,001 to $75,000 | 89.9 | (0.79) | 76.8 | (0.96) | 74.5 | (1.03) | 46.0 | (1.26) | 88.7 | (0.97) | 77.3 | (1.23) | 77.3 | (1.19) | 43.7 | (1.40) | 88.7 | (1.02) | 78.3 | (1.13) | 81.2 | (1.35) | 39.7 | (1.65) | ||||||||||||
| $75,001 to $100,000 | 94.0 | (0.80) | 79.4 | (1.28) | 77.6 | (1.34) | 51.5 | (1.71) | 89.9 | (0.88) | 77.3 | (1.15) | 81.9 | (1.13) | 47.8 | (1.24) | 91.4 | (0.87) | 75.9 | (1.23) | 83.5 | (1.32) | 49.2 | (1.53) | ||||||||||||
| Over $100,000 | 93.9 | (0.71) | 77.9 | (1.21) | 80.7 | (1.03) | 61.1 | (1.19) | 92.5 | (0.92) | 79.0 | (0.80) | 85.5 | (0.96) | 57.6 | (1.05) | 93.6 | (0.62) | 80.8 | (0.95) | 90.5 | (0.70) | 59.1 | (0.99) | ||||||||||||
| Poverty status3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poor | 79.4 | (1.55) | 74.5 | (1.37) | 56.7 | (1.57) | 26.8 | (1.55) | 82.5 | (1.08) | 71.3 | (1.29) | 60.0 | (1.52) | 26.8 | (1.28) | 81.1 | (1.68) | 74.8 | (1.90) | 62.3 | (1.78) | 26.6 | (1.77) | ||||||||||||
| Near-poor | 85.1 | (0.89) | 77.9 | (1.05) | 64.8 | (0.98) | 32.5 | (1.31) | 83.7 | (0.78) | 75.2 | (0.97) | 66.5 | (1.22) | 31.2 | (1.35) | 85.8 | (1.14) | 76.4 | (1.24) | 71.4 | (1.42) | 33.0 | (1.86) | ||||||||||||
| Nonpoor | 91.0 | (0.46) | 77.6 | (0.58) | 75.7 | (0.51) | 49.5 | (0.76) | 90.4 | (0.51) | 77.5 | (0.55) | 82.2 | (0.61) | 50.6 | (0.71) | 91.7 | (0.48) | 78.9 | (0.66) | 86.9 | (0.57) | 51.7 | (0.78) | ||||||||||||
| Control of school and enrollment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| level of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public school | 86.7 | (0.40) | 75.9 | (0.45) | 68.0 | (0.47) | 38.5 | (0.64) | 86.5 | (0.43) | 74.8 | (0.45) | 72.9 | (0.50) | 39.0 | (0.52) | 88.2 | (0.50) | 76.7 | (0.56) | 77.8 | (0.60) | 40.3 | (0.69) | ||||||||||||
| Elementary (kindergarten to grade 8) |
90.9 | (0.40) | 85.1 | (0.42) | 71.7 | (0.57) | 42.8 | (0.75) | 90.0 | (0.42) | 82.4 | (0.47) | 76.0 | (0.64) | 44.1 | (0.69) | 91.0 | (0.59) | 84.8 | (0.62) | 80.5 | (0.70) | 44.6 | (0.89) | ||||||||||||
| Secondary (grades 9 to 12) | 76.9 | (1.06) | 54.8 | (1.03) | 59.4 | (1.06) | 28.5 | (0.98) | 77.8 | (0.92) | 55.5 | (1.04) | 65.1 | (0.90) | 26.2 | (0.71) | 81.2 | (0.88) | 56.1 | (1.21) | 71.0 | (1.01) | 29.4 | (0.95) | ||||||||||||
| Private school | 95.8 | (0.61) | 86.6 | (1.02) | 85.8 | (1.20) | 68.6 | (1.57) | 96.2 | (0.58) | 86.9 | (1.13) | 90.1 | (1.18) | 69.5 | (1.63) | 92.2 | (1.39) | 87.3 | (1.21) | 93.5 | (1.14) | 72.6 | (1.91) | ||||||||||||
| Elementary (kindergarten to grade 8) |
96.6 | (0.70) | 91.6 | (0.93) | 88.4 | (1.23) | 73.3 | (1.91) | 97.4 | (0.63) | 91.2 | (1.47) | 91.8 | (1.39) | 74.4 | (1.87) | 92.1 | (1.76) | 90.5 | (1.51) | 94.2 | (1.41) | 78.2 | (2.27) | ||||||||||||
| Secondary (grades 9 to 12) | 93.3 | (1.55) | 72.3 | (2.49) | 78.3 | (2.77) | 54.8 | (2.82) | 92.5 | (1.20) | 73.6 | (2.19) | 84.9 | (2.08) | 54.6 | (2.44) | 92.5 | (2.36) | 78.7 | (1.89) | 91.5 | (1.30) | 57.5 | (2.80) | ||||||||||||
| —Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 The 2003 questionnaire included a single item for "Asian or Pacific Islander," whereas questionnaires for later years included one item for Asian and a separate item for Pacific Islander. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 In 2003, education level was not collected for the second parent in a same sex couple. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Poor children are those whose family incomes were below the Census Bureau's poverty threshold in the year prior to data collection; near-poor children are those whose family incomes ranged from the poverty threshold to 199 percent of the poverty threshold; and nonpoor children are those whose family incomes were at or above 200 percent of the poverty threshold. The poverty threshold is a dollar amount that varies depending on a family's size and composition and is updated annually to account for inflation. In 2015, for example, the poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was $24,257. Survey respondents are asked to select the range within which their income falls, rather than giving the exact amount of their income; therefore, the measure of poverty status is an approximation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: While National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) administrations prior to 2012 were administered via telephone with an interviewer, NHES:2012 and NHES:2016 used self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires that were mailed to respondents. Measurable differences between estimates for years prior to 2012 and estimates for later years could reflect actual changes in the population, or the changes could be due to the mode change from telephone to mail. Includes children enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12 and ungraded students. Excludes homeschooled children. The respondent was the parent most knowledgeable about the child's education. Responding parents reported on their own activities and the activities of their spouse/other adults in the household. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHES:2003, 2012, and 2016). (This table was prepared May 2018.) |
