Table 106.30.

Amount and percentage distribution of direct general expenditures of state and local governments, by function: Selected years, 1970-71 through 2014-15

Function	1970-71	1980-81	1990-91	2000-01	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
	Amount (in millions of current dollars)
Total direct general expenditures	$150,674	$407,449	$908,109	$1,621,757	$2,537,892	$2,579,509	$2,589,273	$2,624,649	$2,710,523	$2,838,366
Education and public libraries	60,174	147,649	313,744	571,374	871,109	872,969	878,993	888,416	916,638	948,505
Education	59,413	145,784	309,302	563,572	860,118	862,271	867,533	877,272	905,562	937,027
Public libraries	761	1,865	4,442	7,802	10,991	10,699	11,460	11,144	11,076	11,477
Social services and income maintenance	30,376	92,555	214,919	396,086	689,435	729,846	732,413	766,032	804,468	879,466
Public welfare	18,226	54,121	130,402	257,380	456,200	490,645	485,499	515,469	542,812	609,597
Hospitals and health	11,205	36,101	81,110	134,010	227,285	233,018	240,959	244,638	256,181	264,782
Social insurance administration	945	2,276	3,250	4,359	5,157	5,256	5,116	4,901	4,415	4,114
Veterans’ services	†	57	157	337	794	927	838	1,024	1,060	973
Transportation1	19,819	39,231	75,410	130,422	187,073	183,282	188,304	186,098	191,759	198,962
Public safety	9,416	31,233	79,932	146,544	224,346	225,202	225,629	228,532	234,850	241,405
Police and fire protection	7,531	21,283	46,568	84,554	137,106	138,147	139,369	141,515	146,093	150,968
Correction	1,885	7,393	27,356	52,370	73,100	73,243	72,688	72,970	74,617	76,729
Protective inspection and regulation	†	2,557	6,008	9,620	14,139	13,812	13,573	14,047	14,140	13,708
Environment and housing	11,832	35,223	76,167	124,203	198,223	200,491	196,244	190,525	190,139	194,040
Natural resources, parks, and recreation	5,191	13,239	28,505	50,082	68,680	67,053	66,421	65,456	65,386	68,219
Housing and community development	2,554	7,086	16,648	27,402	53,923	56,284	53,673	50,265	49,895	49,861
Sewerage and sanitation	4,087	14,898	31,014	46,718	75,620	77,154	76,149	74,804	74,858	75,960
Governmental administration	6,703	20,001	48,461	85,910	126,719	123,851	123,736	124,052	127,862	130,752
Financial administration	2,271	7,230	16,995	30,007	40,241	39,351	38,689	39,783	40,510	41,927
General control2	4,432	12,771	31,466	55,903	86,479	84,500	85,046	84,269	87,352	88,825
Interest on general debt	5,089	17,131	52,234	73,836	105,715	108,478	108,949	108,773	107,253	105,718
Other direct general expenditures	7,265	24,426	47,242	93,382	135,273	135,388	135,004	132,222	137,555	139,518
	Amount (in millions of constant 2016-17 dollars)3
Total direct general expenditures	$920,376	$1,141,356	$1,645,483	$2,247,556	$2,841,418	$2,831,163	$2,760,981	$2,752,891	$2,799,234	$2,910,070
Education and public libraries	367,567	413,598	568,500	791,854	975,291	958,135	937,284	931,824	946,638	972,466
Education	362,918	408,374	560,452	781,042	962,986	946,393	925,064	920,136	935,199	960,699
Public libraries	4,648	5,224	8,049	10,813	12,306	11,742	12,220	11,689	11,439	11,767
Social services and income maintenance	185,549	259,267	389,431	548,926	771,890	801,049	780,983	803,461	830,797	901,684
Public welfare	111,332	151,605	236,287	356,697	510,760	538,512	517,695	540,655	560,577	624,997
Hospitals and health	68,445	101,127	146,970	185,721	254,468	255,751	256,939	256,591	264,566	271,471
Social insurance administration	5,772	6,376	5,889	6,041	5,773	5,769	5,455	5,140	4,559	4,218
Veterans’ services	†	160	284	466	889	1,017	894	1,075	1,094	998
Transportation1	121,062	109,895	136,642	180,749	209,447	201,163	200,792	195,191	198,035	203,988
Public safety	57,517	87,491	144,836	203,093	251,177	247,173	240,592	239,698	242,536	247,504
Police and fire protection	46,002	59,618	84,381	117,182	153,504	151,624	148,611	148,429	150,875	154,782
Correction	11,514	20,709	49,569	72,579	81,843	80,389	77,509	76,535	77,059	78,667
Protective inspection and regulation	†	7,163	10,886	13,332	15,830	15,159	14,473	14,734	14,602	14,054
Environment and housing	72,275	98,668	138,014	172,130	221,930	220,051	209,257	199,834	196,361	198,942
Natural resources, parks, and recreation	31,709	37,085	51,651	69,408	76,894	73,595	70,826	68,654	67,526	69,943
Housing and community development	15,601	19,849	30,166	37,976	60,372	61,774	57,233	52,721	51,528	51,120
Sewerage and sanitation	24,965	41,733	56,197	64,746	84,664	84,681	81,199	78,459	77,308	77,879
Governmental administration	40,945	56,027	87,811	119,060	141,875	135,934	131,941	130,113	132,046	134,055
Financial administration	13,872	20,253	30,795	41,586	45,053	43,190	41,255	41,727	41,836	42,986
General control2	27,072	35,774	57,016	77,474	96,821	92,744	90,686	88,386	90,211	91,069
Interest on general debt	31,086	47,988	94,647	102,327	118,358	119,061	116,174	114,088	110,763	108,389
Other direct general expenditures	44,377	68,423	85,602	129,416	151,451	148,596	143,957	138,682	142,057	143,042
	Percentage distribution
Total direct general expenditures	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Education and public libraries	39.9	36.2	34.5	35.2	34.3	33.8	33.9	33.8	33.8	33.4
Education	39.4	35.8	34.1	34.8	33.9	33.4	33.5	33.4	33.4	33.0
Public libraries	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Social services and income maintenance	20.2	22.7	23.7	24.4	27.2	28.3	28.3	29.2	29.7	31.0
Public welfare	12.1	13.3	14.4	15.9	18.0	19.0	18.8	19.6	20.0	21.5
Hospitals and health	7.4	8.9	8.9	8.3	9.0	9.0	9.3	9.3	9.5	9.3
Social insurance administration	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Veterans’ services	†	#	#	#	0.1	#	#	#	#	#
Transportation1	13.2	9.6	8.3	8.0	7.4	7.1	7.3	7.1	7.1	7.0
Public safety	6.2	7.7	8.8	9.0	8.8	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.5
Police and fire protection	5.0	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.3
Correction	1.3	1.8	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7
Protective inspection and regulation	†	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Environment and housing	7.9	8.6	8.4	7.7	7.8	7.8	7.6	7.3	7.0	6.8
Natural resources, parks, and recreation	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.1	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.4
Housing and community development	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	2.1	2.2	2.1	1.9	1.8	1.8
Sewerage and sanitation	2.7	3.7	3.4	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.7
Governmental administration	4.4	4.9	5.3	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.6
Financial administration	1.5	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
General control2	2.9	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.1
Interest on general debt	3.4	4.2	5.8	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.0	3.7
Other direct general expenditures	4.8	6.0	5.2	5.8	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.0	5.1	4.9

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

1 Includes highways, air transportation (airports), parking facilities, and sea and inland port facilities. For 2000-01 and earlier years, also includes transit subsidies.

2 Includes judicial and legal expenditures, expenditures on general public buildings, and other governmental administration expenditures.

3 Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Excludes monies paid by states to the federal government. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Governmental Finances. Retrieved February 8, 2018, from https://www.census.gov/govs/local/. (This table was prepared February 2018.)