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| Table 102.51. | Supplemental Poverty Measure estimates for all persons, persons in families, and related children under age 18, by race/ethnicity: 2009 through 2016 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race/ ethnicity and year | Number below the poverty level based on Supplemental Poverty Measure (in thousands) | Percent below the poverty level based on Supplemental Poverty Measure | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| All persons | In all families | In families with female householder, no spouse present | All persons | In all families | In families with female householder, no spouse present | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Householder1 | Related children under 182 | Total | Related children under 182 | Total | House-holder1 | Related children under 182 | Total | Related children under 182 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| Total3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 45,927 | (529.5) | 34,003 | (482.2) | 10,133 | (139.0) | 12,331 | (233.6) | 12,912 | (323.0) | 5,843 | (168.8) | 15.1 | (0.17) | 13.6 | (0.20) | 12.8 | (0.17) | 16.8 | (0.32) | 28.5 | (0.65) | 32.6 | (0.82) |
| 2010 | 48,631 | (560.3) | 35,603 | (491.9) | 10,535 | (144.1) | 12,951 | (225.2) | 14,133 | (307.9) | 6,507 | (159.7) | 15.9 | (0.18) | 14.2 | (0.20) | 13.4 | (0.18) | 17.7 | (0.31) | 30.4 | (0.56) | 35.3 | (0.73) |
| 2011 | 49,603 | (541.1) | 36,709 | (506.3) | 11,075 | (152.7) | 12,965 | (220.0) | 14,926 | (302.0) | 6,833 | (164.2) | 16.1 | (0.18) | 14.5 | (0.20) | 13.8 | (0.18) | 17.9 | (0.30) | 31.0 | (0.57) | 36.1 | (0.77) |
| 2012 | 49,690 | (555.1) | 36,709 | (505.3) | 11,118 | (148.3) | 12,945 | (216.8) | 14,105 | (348.3) | 6,477 | (184.1) | 16.0 | (0.18) | 14.5 | (0.20) | 13.7 | (0.18) | 17.8 | (0.30) | 30.0 | (0.62) | 35.3 | (0.79) |
| 2013 | 48,603 | (629.7) | 35,550 | (549.9) | 10,778 | (155.0) | 11,827 | (233.1) | 13,694 | (378.8) | 6,080 | (188.6) | 15.5 | (0.20) | 13.9 | (0.22) | 13.3 | (0.19) | 16.3 | (0.32) | 29.1 | (0.73) | 33.5 | (0.88) |
| 2014 | 48,253 | (525.3) | 35,217 | (471.3) | 10,787 | (144.3) | 11,907 | (223.3) | 13,784 | (295.3) | 6,075 | (152.3) | 15.3 | (0.17) | 13.7 | (0.18) | 13.2 | (0.17) | 16.4 | (0.31) | 28.7 | (0.53) | 33.2 | (0.69) |
| 2015 | 45,664 | (549.8) | 33,243 | (518.4) | 10,121 | (148.4) | 11,526 | (223.7) | 12,749 | (304.9) | 5,673 | (158.9) | 14.3 | (0.17) | 12.9 | (0.20) | 12.3 | (0.17) | 15.9 | (0.30) | 26.3 | (0.55) | 30.8 | (0.74) |
| 2016 | 44,558 | (487.5) | 32,216 | (452.4) | 9,914 | (141.1) | 10,870 | (206.0) | 12,593 | (300.3) | 5,648 | (159.0) | 13.9 | (0.15) | 12.4 | (0.17) | 12.0 | (0.17) | 15.0 | (0.28) | 26.1 | (0.57) | 31.2 | (0.77) |
| White | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 20,422 | (351.3) | 13,393 | (299.8) | 4,796 | (104.0) | 3,810 | (122.2) | 4,046 | (164.4) | 1,572 | (77.5) | 10.4 | (0.18) | 8.4 | (0.19) | 8.8 | (0.19) | 9.4 | (0.30) | 21.3 | (0.76) | 24.6 | (1.05) |
| 2010 | 21,746 | (371.8) | 13,972 | (303.9) | 4,917 | (109.0) | 3,894 | (122.4) | 4,242 | (162.1) | 1,660 | (72.1) | 11.0 | (0.19) | 8.9 | (0.20) | 9.1 | (0.20) | 9.8 | (0.31) | 21.9 | (0.73) | 25.5 | (0.99) |
| 2011 | 21,436 | (344.0) | 13,972 | (305.6) | 4,993 | (105.1) | 3,788 | (122.9) | 4,299 | (156.4) | 1,675 | (75.3) | 11.0 | (0.18) | 9.0 | (0.19) | 9.2 | (0.19) | 9.9 | (0.32) | 21.6 | (0.66) | 25.6 | (0.96) |
| 2012 | 20,923 | (357.6) | 13,561 | (289.1) | 4,870 | (102.4) | 3,582 | (113.1) | 3,972 | (147.3) | 1,510 | (69.0) | 10.7 | (0.18) | 8.7 | (0.19) | 9.0 | (0.19) | 9.4 | (0.30) | 20.7 | (0.70) | 24.6 | (0.98) |
| 2013 | 20,894 | (396.1) | 13,203 | (336.3) | 4,765 | (116.7) | 3,226 | (128.2) | 3,988 | (201.2) | 1,409 | (83.9) | 10.7 | (0.20) | 8.5 | (0.22) | 8.9 | (0.21) | 8.5 | (0.34) | 21.1 | (0.95) | 23.7 | (1.26) |
| 2014 | 20,837 | (345.2) | 13,278 | (301.3) | 4,717 | (108.1) | 3,513 | (115.1) | 3,980 | (159.5) | 1,478 | (72.8) | 10.7 | (0.18) | 8.6 | (0.20) | 8.8 | (0.20) | 9.4 | (0.31) | 20.9 | (0.72) | 24.3 | (1.02) |
| 2015 | 19,700 | (335.1) | 12,794 | (303.1) | 4,498 | (102.9) | 3,743 | (130.2) | 3,836 | (156.5) | 1,581 | (77.9) | 10.1 | (0.17) | 8.3 | (0.19) | 8.4 | (0.18) | 10.0 | (0.35) | 19.8 | (0.73) | 25.0 | (1.08) |
| 2016 | 19,327 | (346.3) | 12,191 | (282.5) | 4,468 | (106.9) | 3,132 | (101.8) | 3,770 | (142.9) | 1,513 | (70.1) | 9.9 | (0.18) | 7.9 | (0.18) | 8.3 | (0.19) | 8.5 | (0.28) | 19.4 | (0.70) | 24.5 | (1.10) |
| Black | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 8,452 | (214.3) | 6,487 | (191.4) | 1,903 | (55.9) | 2,640 | (96.4) | 4,257 | (168.4) | 1,964 | (89.4) | 22.9 | (0.58) | 21.7 | (0.64) | 21.1 | (0.56) | 25.3 | (0.94) | 32.6 | (1.07) | 35.0 | (1.35) |
| 2010 | 9,327 | (230.4) | 7,080 | (211.8) | 2,081 | (65.9) | 2,936 | (105.2) | 4,739 | (167.8) | 2,218 | (93.8) | 25.1 | (0.61) | 23.8 | (0.72) | 23.0 | (0.67) | 28.7 | (1.03) | 34.8 | (1.13) | 38.0 | (1.41) |
| 2011 | 9,380 | (242.4) | 7,096 | (227.8) | 2,066 | (69.8) | 2,895 | (114.6) | 4,728 | (185.2) | 2,232 | (102.1) | 25.3 | (0.65) | 24.0 | (0.76) | 22.6 | (0.71) | 28.9 | (1.13) | 35.7 | (1.16) | 39.6 | (1.54) |
| 2012 | 9,623 | (235.6) | 7,348 | (233.0) | 2,213 | (72.2) | 2,877 | (114.0) | 4,633 | (190.7) | 2,147 | (103.3) | 25.6 | (0.63) | 24.6 | (0.77) | 23.8 | (0.74) | 28.8 | (1.14) | 35.6 | (1.24) | 39.1 | (1.54) |
| 2013 | 9,294 | (275.9) | 7,066 | (252.1) | 2,017 | (67.3) | 2,777 | (121.2) | 4,395 | (200.6) | 2,056 | (111.1) | 24.6 | (0.74) | 23.5 | (0.85) | 21.7 | (0.74) | 28.0 | (1.22) | 34.3 | (1.39) | 37.8 | (1.80) |
| 2014 | 8,904 | (207.2) | 6,664 | (180.0) | 1,979 | (56.9) | 2,621 | (101.2) | 4,232 | (150.3) | 1,964 | (86.4) | 23.1 | (0.53) | 21.9 | (0.59) | 21.2 | (0.54) | 26.1 | (0.99) | 32.1 | (1.02) | 35.7 | (1.40) |
| 2015 | 8,944 | (242.2) | 6,539 | (229.3) | 1,945 | (64.8) | 2,415 | (102.4) | 4,049 | (186.8) | 1,768 | (94.7) | 22.8 | (0.62) | 21.2 | (0.73) | 20.8 | (0.64) | 24.0 | (1.00) | 29.7 | (1.17) | 31.7 | (1.48) |
| 2016 | 8,411 | (225.1) | 6,177 | (215.0) | 1,830 | (64.1) | 2,440 | (109.6) | 3,986 | (189.4) | 1,856 | (101.3) | 21.5 | (0.57) | 20.0 | (0.69) | 19.5 | (0.63) | 24.2 | (1.07) | 30.7 | (1.26) | 34.6 | (1.60) |
| Hispanic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 13,329 | (281.7) | 11,239 | (271.8) | 2,674 | (64.6) | 4,879 | (132.5) | 3,842 | (168.4) | 1,953 | (89.5) | 27.3 | (0.58) | 26.3 | (0.63) | 25.7 | (0.59) | 29.3 | (0.80) | 37.4 | (1.36) | 41.9 | (1.58) |
| 2010 | 13,845 | (279.4) | 11,669 | (262.5) | 2,791 | (63.3) | 5,109 | (136.5) | 4,331 | (160.6) | 2,227 | (94.3) | 27.8 | (0.56) | 26.7 | (0.59) | 26.2 | (0.53) | 30.0 | (0.80) | 41.5 | (1.19) | 46.8 | (1.51) |
| 2011 | 14,571 | (303.9) | 12,397 | (284.6) | 3,081 | (71.5) | 5,210 | (132.0) | 4,907 | (180.7) | 2,473 | (99.6) | 27.9 | (0.58) | 27.1 | (0.63) | 26.6 | (0.62) | 30.2 | (0.77) | 43.2 | (1.25) | 47.5 | (1.45) |
| 2012 | 14,799 | (273.5) | 12,443 | (264.0) | 3,170 | (69.8) | 5,212 | (127.6) | 4,492 | (172.7) | 2,315 | (99.3) | 27.9 | (0.52) | 26.9 | (0.56) | 26.5 | (0.52) | 30.1 | (0.74) | 39.9 | (1.16) | 45.1 | (1.49) |
| 2013 | 14,062 | (338.9) | 11,883 | (318.0) | 3,032 | (80.7) | 4,747 | (143.6) | 4,371 | (193.5) | 2,175 | (103.4) | 26.0 | (0.62) | 25.1 | (0.67) | 25.0 | (0.65) | 27.0 | (0.82) | 37.4 | (1.46) | 41.2 | (1.70) |
| 2014 | 14,106 | (269.5) | 11,878 | (258.3) | 3,123 | (65.7) | 4,684 | (130.6) | 4,551 | (177.6) | 2,190 | (92.8) | 25.4 | (0.49) | 24.6 | (0.53) | 25.1 | (0.51) | 26.6 | (0.73) | 38.2 | (1.20) | 42.7 | (1.41) |
| 2015 | 12,711 | (290.3) | 10,780 | (278.9) | 2,787 | (75.0) | 4,363 | (131.6) | 3,995 | (174.1) | 1,918 | (96.6) | 22.4 | (0.51) | 21.8 | (0.57) | 21.8 | (0.56) | 24.3 | (0.73) | 33.6 | (1.21) | 37.9 | (1.59) |
| 2016 | 12,645 | (262.6) | 10,733 | (258.7) | 2,748 | (68.1) | 4,305 | (129.7) | 3,901 | (166.0) | 1,872 | (94.3) | 22.0 | (0.46) | 21.2 | (0.51) | 21.1 | (0.49) | 23.7 | (0.72) | 32.7 | (1.16) | 37.3 | (1.49) |
| Asian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 2,403 | (109.7) | 1,894 | (102.8) | 529 | (28.1) | 547 | (42.3) | 308 | (43.0) | 107 | (17.7) | 17.6 | (0.78) | 15.8 | (0.84) | 15.0 | (0.76) | 17.3 | (1.30) | 23.5 | (3.00) | 31.5 | (4.46) |
| 2010 | 2,262 | (113.2) | 1,747 | (113.4) | 504 | (29.8) | 440 | (42.4) | 346 | (50.0) | 105 | (17.1) | 16.1 | (0.80) | 14.3 | (0.91) | 14.5 | (0.84) | 13.9 | (1.31) | 26.7 | (3.25) | 31.1 | (4.30) |
| 2011 | 2,618 | (125.6) | 2,006 | (114.5) | 620 | (34.5) | 475 | (40.5) | 357 | (52.5) | 94 | (21.3) | 17.0 | (0.80) | 14.9 | (0.84) | 15.5 | (0.84) | 14.2 | (1.20) | 25.0 | (3.27) | 26.1 | (5.25) |
| 2012 | 2,628 | (127.7) | 2,018 | (123.4) | 556 | (33.6) | 556 | (48.0) | 368 | (49.0) | 122 | (23.4) | 16.5 | (0.79) | 14.7 | (0.88) | 13.9 | (0.78) | 16.5 | (1.43) | 26.2 | (2.80) | 37.1 | (5.47) |
| 2013 | 2,760 | (160.0) | 2,138 | (149.5) | 658 | (42.9) | 494 | (51.7) | 360 | (58.4) | 94 | (21.2) | 16.6 | (0.93) | 14.7 | (1.00) | 15.4 | (0.93) | 14.2 | (1.45) | 22.5 | (3.39) | 25.7 | (5.46) |
| 2014 | 2,908 | (148.7) | 2,200 | (132.2) | 664 | (36.7) | 521 | (47.0) | 412 | (46.8) | 108 | (17.6) | 16.8 | (0.83) | 14.7 | (0.87) | 15.0 | (0.79) | 14.7 | (1.31) | 24.9 | (2.55) | 28.3 | (4.06) |
| 2015 | 2,847 | (138.8) | 2,036 | (126.1) | 631 | (36.9) | 484 | (46.6) | 296 | (42.3) | 81 | (15.7) | 16.1 | (0.77) | 13.4 | (0.82) | 13.8 | (0.79) | 13.7 | (1.30) | 21.6 | (2.75) | 30.2 | (4.99) |
| 2016 | 2,656 | (118.7) | 1,895 | (108.1) | 578 | (33.4) | 428 | (39.2) | 371 | (48.1) | 94 | (17.1) | 14.5 | (0.65) | 12.0 | (0.68) | 12.5 | (0.71) | 11.7 | (1.06) | 23.5 | (2.74) | 32.0 | (5.26) |
| 1 Refers to the person who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Refers to all children in the household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption (except a child who is the spouse of the householder). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Total includes other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: The estimates in this table are for the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM), whereas poverty estimates in other tables are for the official poverty measure. The official poverty measure consists of a set of thresholds for families of different sizes and compositions that are compared to before-tax cash income to determine a family's poverty status. The SPM extends the information provided by the official poverty measure by adding to family income the value of benefits from many government programs designed to assist low-income families, subtracting taxes and necessary expenses such as child care costs (for working families) and medical expenses, and adjusting poverty thresholds for differences in housing costs. For more information about the SPM, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/supplemental-poverty-measure.html. SPM estimates can be generated only from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Official poverty estimates generated from the CPS are presented in table 102.50. To match the population included in the official poverty measure, SPM estimates presented in this table exclude unrelated children under age 15. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) Research Files, 2009 through 2016. (This table was prepared October 2017.) |