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Digest of Education Statistics: 2016
Digest of Education Statistics: 2016

NCES 2017-094
February 2018


Table 602.70. Average science literacy scores of 15-year-old students and percentage attaining science literacy proficiency levels, by country or other education system: 2015
[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Country or other education system Average science literacy score1 Percentage attaining science literacy proficiency levels2
Below level 2 At level 2 At level 3 At level 4 At or above level 5
Total below level 2 Below
level 1b
At level 1b At level 1a Total
at or above level 5
At level 5 At level 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OECD average3 493   (0.4) 21.2   (0.17) 0.6   (0.03) 4.9   (0.08) 15.7   (0.13) 24.8   (0.14) 27.2   (0.15) 19.0   (0.13) 7.7   (0.09) 6.7   (0.08) 1.1   (0.03)
                                                                   
Australia 510   (1.5) 17.6   (0.56) 0.6   (0.09) 4.3   (0.26) 12.8   (0.48) 21.6   (0.53) 27.3   (0.51) 22.3   (0.53) 11.2   (0.45) 9.2   (0.42) 2.0   (0.22)
Austria 495   (2.4) 20.8   (0.96) 0.5 ! (0.16) 4.5   (0.47) 15.8   (0.82) 23.9   (0.77) 28.1   (0.83) 19.5   (0.79) 7.7   (0.55) 6.8   (0.49) 0.9   (0.18)
Belgium 502   (2.3) 19.8   (0.90) 0.5   (0.12) 4.9   (0.42) 14.4   (0.62) 21.9   (0.63) 26.8   (0.74) 22.5   (0.65) 9.0   (0.43) 8.0   (0.41) 1.0   (0.13)
Canada 528   (2.1) 11.1   (0.53) #   (†) 1.8   (0.19) 9.1   (0.44) 20.2   (0.58) 30.3   (0.54) 26.1   (0.69) 12.4   (0.61) 10.4   (0.52) 2.0   (0.21)
Chile 447   (2.4) 34.8   (1.18) 1.0   (0.21) 8.9   (0.57) 25.0   (0.91) 31.0   (0.98) 23.8   (0.91) 9.1   (0.66) 1.2   (0.19) 1.2   (0.19)   (†)
                                                                   
Czech Republic 493   (2.3) 20.7   (1.00) #   (†) 4.3   (0.48) 16.1   (0.80) 25.9   (0.81) 27.7   (0.89) 18.4   (0.74) 7.3   (0.51) 6.3   (0.45) 0.9   (0.17)
Denmark 502   (2.4) 15.9   (0.83) #   (†) 3.0   (0.29) 12.5   (0.70) 25.9   (0.90) 31.1   (1.05) 20.2   (0.80) 7.0   (0.63) 6.1   (0.55) 0.9   (0.19)
Estonia 534   (2.1) 8.8   (0.65)   (†) 1.2   (0.23) 7.5   (0.60) 20.1   (0.73) 30.7   (0.91) 26.9   (0.94) 13.5   (0.73) 11.6   (0.68) 1.9   (0.26)
Finland 531   (2.4) 11.5   (0.69) #   (†) 2.3   (0.33) 8.9   (0.56) 19.1   (0.73) 29.2   (0.79) 26.0   (0.83) 14.3   (0.65) 11.9   (0.58) 2.4   (0.28)
France 495   (2.1) 22.1   (0.86) 0.9   (0.18) 5.8   (0.48) 15.3   (0.63) 22.0   (0.86) 26.5   (0.78) 21.4   (0.75) 8.0   (0.53) 7.2   (0.52) 0.8   (0.15)
                                                                   
Germany 509   (2.7) 17.0   (0.95) 0.4 ! (0.14) 3.8   (0.41) 12.8   (0.69) 22.7   (0.81) 27.7   (0.80) 22.0   (0.80) 10.6   (0.61) 8.8   (0.56) 1.8   (0.20)
Greece 455   (3.9) 32.7   (1.88) 1.2   (0.31) 9.1   (0.99) 22.4   (1.07) 28.4   (1.11) 25.2   (1.10) 11.6   (0.86) 2.1   (0.31) 2.0   (0.29) #   (†)
Hungary 477   (2.4) 26.0   (1.04) 0.8   (0.19) 6.8   (0.63) 18.4   (0.86) 25.5   (0.85) 27.3   (0.88) 16.6   (0.77) 4.6   (0.47) 4.3   (0.41) #   (†)
Iceland 473   (1.7) 25.3   (0.87) 0.8   (0.23) 5.8   (0.51) 18.7   (0.86) 29.0   (1.00) 27.3   (0.93) 14.6   (0.80) 3.8   (0.39) 3.5   (0.37) #   (†)
Ireland 503   (2.4) 15.3   (0.96) #   (†) 2.7   (0.38) 12.4   (0.78) 26.4   (0.94) 31.1   (0.87) 20.1   (0.82) 7.1   (0.47) 6.3   (0.41) 0.8   (0.16)
                                                                   
Israel 467   (3.4) 31.4   (1.36) 2.1   (0.37) 9.5   (0.75) 19.9   (0.88) 24.4   (0.82) 23.3   (0.98) 15.0   (0.82) 5.8   (0.46) 5.1   (0.45) 0.7   (0.14)
Italy 481   (2.5) 23.2   (1.02) 0.6   (0.17) 5.4   (0.55) 17.2   (0.79) 27.1   (0.95) 28.6   (1.04) 17.0   (0.75) 4.1   (0.38) 3.8   (0.36) #   (†)
Japan 538   (3.0) 9.6   (0.70)   (†) 1.7   (0.28) 7.7   (0.57) 18.1   (0.80) 28.2   (0.87) 28.8   (0.93) 15.3   (1.04) 12.9   (0.80) 2.4   (0.40)
Korea, Republic of 516   (3.1) 14.4   (0.91) #   (†) 2.9   (0.36) 11.1   (0.70) 21.7   (0.95) 29.2   (0.92) 24.0   (1.00) 10.6   (0.80) 9.2   (0.71) 1.4   (0.25)
Latvia 490   (1.6) 17.2   (0.75)   (†) 2.6   (0.30) 14.5   (0.68) 29.8   (0.81) 31.7   (0.82) 17.4   (0.77) 3.8   (0.36) 3.5   (0.36) #   (†)
                                                                   
Luxembourg 483   (1.1) 25.9   (0.71) 0.5   (0.14) 6.4   (0.48) 18.9   (0.59) 24.8   (0.74) 25.1   (0.72) 17.3   (0.63) 6.9   (0.40) 6.0   (0.39) 0.9   (0.17)
Mexico 416   (2.1) 47.8   (1.29) 1.1   (0.27) 11.7   (0.74) 35.0   (1.00) 34.7   (0.89) 15.1   (0.89) 2.3   (0.29) #   (†) #   (†) #   (†)
Netherlands 509   (2.3) 18.5   (0.97) #   (†) 4.0   (0.45) 14.3   (0.73) 21.8   (0.88) 26.1   (0.86) 22.4   (0.80) 11.1   (0.58) 9.5   (0.53) 1.6   (0.23)
New Zealand 513   (2.4) 17.4   (0.90) #   (†) 4.0   (0.37) 13.0   (0.77) 21.6   (0.78) 26.3   (0.79) 21.8   (0.79) 12.8   (0.70) 10.1   (0.63) 2.7   (0.37)
Norway 498   (2.3) 18.7   (0.81) 0.6   (0.15) 4.1   (0.40) 14.0   (0.68) 24.6   (0.76) 29.1   (0.81) 19.6   (0.78) 8.0   (0.53) 6.9   (0.49) 1.1   (0.18)
                                                                   
Poland 501   (2.5) 16.3   (0.85) #   (†) 2.6   (0.36) 13.3   (0.70) 26.6   (0.93) 29.9   (0.93) 19.9   (0.78) 7.3   (0.63) 6.3   (0.55) 1.0   (0.19)
Portugal 501   (2.4) 17.4   (0.92) #   (†) 3.2   (0.37) 14.0   (0.85) 25.4   (0.77) 28.8   (0.84) 21.0   (0.81) 7.4   (0.51) 6.7   (0.46) 0.7   (0.15)
Slovak Republic 461   (2.6) 30.7   (1.10) 2.1   (0.31) 8.9   (0.73) 19.7   (0.81) 27.6   (0.79) 24.8   (0.72) 13.3   (0.64) 3.6   (0.37) 3.3   (0.34) #   (†)
Slovenia 513   (1.3) 15.0   (0.50) #   (†) 2.8   (0.29) 11.9   (0.51) 23.3   (0.72) 29.1   (0.87) 22.1   (0.84) 10.6   (0.57) 9.1   (0.58) 1.5   (0.29)
Spain 493   (2.1) 18.3   (0.80) #   (†) 3.7   (0.42) 14.3   (0.70) 26.5   (0.71) 31.3   (0.73) 18.9   (0.73) 5.0   (0.38) 4.7   (0.37) #   (†)
                                                                   
Sweden 493   (3.6) 21.6   (1.15) 0.9   (0.18) 5.7   (0.53) 15.0   (0.91) 24.0   (0.86) 26.8   (0.88) 19.0   (0.87) 8.5   (0.72) 7.2   (0.61) 1.3   (0.24)
Switzerland 506   (2.9) 18.5   (1.06) 0.5 ! (0.16) 4.0   (0.48) 13.9   (0.79) 22.8   (0.82) 26.3   (1.08) 22.7   (1.02) 9.8   (0.65) 8.6   (0.62) 1.1   (0.22)
Turkey 425   (3.9) 44.5   (2.10) 1.1   (0.25) 11.8   (0.98) 31.6   (1.47) 31.3   (1.32) 19.1   (1.38) 4.8   (0.86) #   (†) #   (†)   (†)
United Kingdom 509   (2.6) 17.4   (0.80) #   (†) 3.4   (0.30) 13.6   (0.68) 22.6   (0.72) 27.5   (0.70) 21.6   (0.69) 10.9   (0.67) 9.1   (0.60) 1.8   (0.23)
United States 496   (3.2) 20.3   (1.07) 0.5   (0.14) 4.3   (0.47) 15.5   (0.78) 25.5   (0.78) 26.6   (0.89) 19.1   (0.93) 8.5   (0.64) 7.3   (0.55) 1.2   (0.22)
                                                                   
Non-OECD education systems                                                                  
Albania 427   (3.3) 41.7   (1.68) 1.6   (0.29) 10.3   (0.77) 29.8   (1.23) 34.5   (0.99) 18.9   (1.31) 4.5   (0.58) #   (†) #   (†)   (†)
Algeria 376   (2.6) 70.8   (1.42) 3.9   (0.50) 24.1   (1.04) 42.8   (1.01) 22.7   (1.07) 5.6   (0.62) 0.9   (0.22)   (†)   (†)   (†)
Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu,                                                                  
Guangdong (China) 518   (4.6) 16.2   (1.29) 0.6 ! (0.19) 3.8   (0.50) 11.8   (0.91) 20.7   (1.08) 25.8   (1.06) 23.8   (1.12) 13.6   (1.38) 11.5   (1.08) 2.1   (0.47)
Brazil 401   (2.3) 56.6   (1.08) 4.4   (0.31) 19.9   (0.63) 32.4   (0.62) 25.4   (0.59) 13.1   (0.60) 4.2   (0.40) 0.7   (0.13) 0.6   (0.13)   (†)
Buenos Aires (Argentina) 475   (6.3) 22.7   (2.41)   (†) 4.8   (0.88) 17.2   (1.78) 30.8   (1.87) 29.0   (1.86) 14.9   (1.81) 2.7   (0.77) 2.6   (0.73)   (†)
                                                                   
Bulgaria 446   (4.4) 37.9   (1.88) 2.7   (0.41) 12.4   (1.01) 22.8   (1.08) 25.2   (1.12) 22.6   (1.17) 11.4   (0.91) 2.9   (0.44) 2.7   (0.39)   (†)
Chinese Taipei 532   (2.7) 12.4   (0.79) #   (†) 2.7   (0.35) 9.4   (0.63) 18.1   (0.63) 27.0   (0.92) 27.1   (0.80) 15.4   (1.08) 12.7   (0.76) 2.7   (0.47)
Colombia 416   (2.4) 49.0   (1.32) 1.7   (0.32) 14.5   (0.91) 32.8   (0.89) 30.6   (0.92) 15.9   (0.71) 4.1   (0.36) #   (†) #   (†)   (†)
Costa Rica 420   (2.1) 46.4   (1.23) 0.7   (0.19) 10.1   (0.64) 35.6   (0.99) 35.5   (0.83) 15.2   (0.87) 2.7   (0.36)   (†)   (†)   (†)
Croatia 475   (2.5) 24.6   (1.18) #   (†) 5.1   (0.48) 19.2   (1.00) 29.5   (0.85) 27.5   (0.99) 14.4   (0.74) 3.9   (0.39) 3.6   (0.38) #   (†)
                                                                   
Cyprus 433   (1.4) 42.1   (0.82) 2.3   (0.28) 12.9   (0.56) 26.9   (0.82) 28.6   (0.77) 19.6   (0.68) 8.1   (0.43) 1.6   (0.23) 1.5   (0.25)   (†)
Dominican Republic 332   (2.6) 85.7   (1.12) 15.8   (1.03) 39.6   (1.28) 30.4   (1.31) 11.3   (0.85) 2.6   (0.48) 0.3 ! (0.14)   (†)   (†) #   (†)
Georgia 411   (2.4) 50.8   (1.28) 4.2   (0.44) 16.0   (0.93) 30.5   (1.07) 28.2   (1.02) 15.2   (0.69) 4.9   (0.49) 0.9   (0.21) 0.8   (0.20)   (†)
Hong Kong (China) 523   (2.5) 9.4   (0.75)   (†) 1.6   (0.29) 7.8   (0.63) 19.7   (0.87) 36.1   (0.91) 27.4   (1.08) 7.4   (0.65) 6.9   (0.64) #   (†)
Indonesia 403   (2.6) 56.0   (1.65) 1.2 ! (0.36) 14.4   (1.11) 40.4   (1.47) 31.7   (1.26) 10.6   (0.82) 1.6   (0.30)   (†)   (†) #   (†)
                                                                   
Jordan 409   (2.7) 49.8   (1.44) 4.2   (0.51) 15.2   (0.89) 30.4   (0.85) 30.9   (0.97) 16.1   (0.85) 3.1   (0.37) #   (†) #   (†) #   (†)
Kosovo 378   (1.7) 67.7   (1.08) 4.0   (0.48) 24.4   (0.98) 39.3   (1.12) 24.4   (1.02) 7.2   (0.68) 0.7   (0.18)   (†)   (†) #   (†)
Lebanon 386   (3.4) 62.6   (1.74) 6.8   (0.74) 23.6   (1.30) 32.3   (1.23) 22.0   (1.17) 11.6   (0.94) 3.3   (0.43) #   (†) #   (†)   (†)
Lithuania 475   (2.7) 24.7   (1.07) 0.5   (0.13) 5.4   (0.49) 18.9   (0.85) 29.7   (0.87) 26.3   (0.71) 15.1   (0.70) 4.2   (0.50) 3.9   (0.47) #   (†)
Macao (China) 529   (1.1) 8.1   (0.41)   (†) 1.1   (0.21) 6.9   (0.42) 20.6   (0.65) 34.2   (0.90) 28.0   (0.75) 9.2   (0.48) 8.3   (0.52) 0.9   (0.22)
                                                                   
Macedonia, Republic of 384   (1.2) 62.9   (0.76) 6.8   (0.49) 22.3   (0.81) 33.8   (0.90) 24.6   (0.72) 10.3   (0.54) 2.0   (0.31) #   (†) #   (†)   (†)
Malta 465   (1.6) 32.5   (0.77) 3.9   (0.40) 10.6   (0.67) 18.0   (0.86) 23.4   (0.81) 21.7   (0.90) 14.8   (0.89) 7.6   (0.48) 6.1   (0.40) 1.6   (0.26)
Massachusetts4 (USA) 529   (6.6) 12.0   (1.38)   (†) 2.2   (0.55) 9.6   (1.26) 19.2   (1.78) 29.3   (1.78) 25.3   (1.89) 14.2   (1.68) 11.4   (1.52) 2.8   (0.72)
Moldova, Republic of 428   (2.0) 42.2   (1.11) 2.3   (0.31) 11.8   (0.61) 28.2   (0.82) 31.5   (1.20) 19.7   (0.91) 5.9   (0.56) 0.7   (0.16) 0.7   (0.15)   (†)
Montenegro, Republic of 411   (1.0) 51.0   (0.66) 3.1   (0.27) 15.8   (0.49) 32.1   (0.69) 29.0   (0.62) 15.1   (0.51) 4.4   (0.33) #   (†) #   (†)   (†)
                                                                   
North Carolina4 (USA) 502   (4.9) 18.0   (1.60)   (†) 3.4   (0.67) 14.3   (1.45) 25.4   (1.51) 27.0   (1.35) 20.5   (1.54) 9.2   (0.97) 8.2   (0.91) 1.0 ! (0.34)
Peru 397   (2.4) 58.5   (1.40) 2.8   (0.35) 19.0   (0.82) 36.7   (1.02) 27.9   (0.97) 11.5   (0.74) 2.0   (0.30) #   (†) #   (†) #   (†)
Puerto Rico (USA) 403   (6.1) 55.3   (3.01) 3.6   (0.90) 19.5   (2.17) 32.3   (1.88) 26.7   (2.00) 13.5   (1.74) 4.1   (0.85)   (†)   (†) #   (†)
Qatar 418   (1.0) 49.8   (0.47) 3.9   (0.25) 17.9   (0.47) 28.0   (0.64) 24.6   (0.45) 16.4   (0.49) 7.5   (0.30) 1.7   (0.16) 1.6   (0.14) #   (†)
Romania 435   (3.2) 38.5   (1.81) 0.9   (0.24) 9.3   (0.87) 28.4   (1.39) 35.0   (1.35) 19.9   (1.04) 5.9   (0.71) 0.7   (0.19) 0.7   (0.19)   (†)
                                                                   
Russian Federation 487   (2.9) 18.2   (1.12)   (†) 2.9   (0.43) 15.2   (0.98) 31.2   (0.90) 30.9   (0.86) 16.0   (0.85) 3.7   (0.40) 3.5   (0.38) #   (†)
Singapore 556   (1.2) 9.6   (0.40) #   (†) 2.0   (0.22) 7.5   (0.46) 15.1   (0.46) 23.4   (0.62) 27.7   (0.65) 24.2   (0.60) 18.6   (0.67) 5.6   (0.42)
Thailand 421   (2.8) 46.7   (1.48) 1.1   (0.21) 11.9   (0.75) 33.7   (1.07) 32.2   (0.90) 16.0   (0.82) 4.6   (0.61) #   (†) #   (†)   (†)
Trinidad and Tobago 425   (1.4) 45.8   (0.80) 2.9   (0.46) 15.0   (0.71) 27.9   (0.92) 27.1   (0.82) 18.3   (0.65) 7.3   (0.54) 1.4   (0.23) 1.3   (0.24)   (†)
Tunisia 386   (2.1) 65.9   (1.26) 1.6   (0.31) 20.0   (1.06) 44.2   (1.06) 26.6   (1.15) 6.8   (0.63) 0.7 ! (0.26)   (†)   (†) #   (†)
                                                                   
United Arab Emirates 437   (2.4) 41.8   (1.11) 2.6   (0.29) 13.0   (0.61) 26.1   (0.71) 26.9   (0.62) 19.0   (0.66) 9.5   (0.53) 2.8   (0.21) 2.5   (0.20) #   (†)
Uruguay 435   (2.2) 40.8   (1.13) 1.2   (0.23) 11.2   (0.78) 28.4   (0.93) 30.3   (0.83) 20.3   (0.76) 7.4   (0.54) 1.3   (0.23) 1.2   (0.21)   (†)
Vietnam 525   (3.9) 5.9   (0.76)   (†)   (†) 5.7   (0.73) 25.3   (1.41) 36.6   (1.21) 23.9   (1.22) 8.3   (1.22) 7.1   (0.84) 1.2 ! (0.46)
†Not applicable.
#Rounds to zero.
!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.
‡Reporting standards not met. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 50 percent or greater.
1 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000.
2 To reach a particular proficiency level, a student must correctly answer a majority of items at that level. Students were classified into science literacy levels according to their scores. Exact cut scores are as follows: below level 1b (a score less than 260.54); level 1b (a score of at least 260.54 but less than 334.94); level 1a (a score of at least 334.94 but less than 409.54); level 2 (a score of at least 409.54 but less than 484.14); level 3 (a score of at least 484.14 but less than 558.73); level 4 (a score of at least 558.73 but less than 633.33); level 5 (a score of at least 633.33 but less than 707.93); and level 6 (a score of at least 707.93).
3 Refers to the mean of the data values for all Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, to which each country contributes equally, regardless of the absolute size of the student population of each country.
4 Results are for public school students only.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2015. (This table was prepared December 2016.)