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| Table 402.10. | Federal obligations for research, development, and R&D plant, by category of obligation, performer, and field of science and engineering: Fiscal years 2008 through 2016 |
| [In millions] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Estimated | |||||||||
| Category of obligation, performer, and field of science and engineering | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | Percent change, 2015 to 2016 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Current dollars | ||||||||||
| Total obligations for research, development, and R&D plant |
$129,049.4 | $144,760.5 | $146,967.8 | $139,661.5 | $140,635.8 | $127,291.1 | $132,496.3 | $131,398.2 | $142,555.0 | 8.5 |
| Research and development obligations | 127,105.6 | 141,092.5 | 140,354.5 | 135,490.8 | 138,485.1 | 125,386.0 | 130,278.7 | 128,573.2 | 140,069.8 | 8.9 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 29,637.9 | 31,546.4 | 30,911.8 | 35,144.7 | 34,367.8 | 32,963.1 | 34,736.1 | 34,925.1 | 37,918.3 | 8.6 |
| Industrial firms | 56,337.6 | 59,749.3 | 59,867.8 | 53,550.2 | 58,910.1 | 49,538.1 | 50,236.5 | 47,455.2 | 53,727.9 | 13.2 |
| Federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) administered by industrial firms |
4,119.9 | 4,067.1 | 3,946.2 | 4,424.5 | 3,611.7 | 3,796.1 | 4,207.5 | 3,935.8 | 4,477.3 | 13.8 |
| Universities and colleges | 26,026.5 | 31,557.7 | 31,192.3 | 27,680.3 | 27,509.5 | 25,772.0 | 27,429.3 | 27,414.7 | 28,883.2 | 5.4 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 1,988.6 | 3,402.7 | 3,370.5 | 3,437.8 | 3,694.2 | 3,711.7 | 3,800.8 | 3,911.7 | 4,237.7 | 8.3 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 5,965.0 | 7,049.7 | 7,245.3 | 6,636.6 | 6,347.0 | 5,915.0 | 6,134.9 | 6,136.2 | 6,345.6 | 3.4 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 2,083.0 | 2,730.7 | 2,784.1 | 2,923.7 | 2,752.2 | 2,571.9 | 2,557.1 | 3,271.4 | 2,910.5 | -11.0 |
| State and local governments | 389.0 | 392.0 | 426.7 | 716.2 | 453.2 | 385.6 | 446.4 | 487.0 | 567.8 | 16.6 |
| Foreign | 558.1 | 596.9 | 609.9 | 976.8 | 839.5 | 732.4 | 730.1 | 1,036.0 | 1,001.7 | -3.3 |
| Research obligations | 53,893.6 | 63,694.3 | 63,728.0 | 58,023.7 | 61,946.9 | 59,198.2 | 62,908.8 | 63,645.3 | 67,760.7 | 6.5 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 11,921.7 | 13,321.2 | 13,280.9 | 12,663.4 | 14,295.0 | 13,416.8 | 14,305.6 | 15,006.5 | 15,486.7 | 3.2 |
| Industrial firms | 5,782.4 | 6,280.2 | 6,625.5 | 6,037.4 | 7,794.0 | 7,365.5 | 8,057.5 | 8,110.4 | 9,325.7 | 15.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 2,929.7 | 3,070.5 | 2,960.1 | 2,984.4 | 2,678.7 | 2,713.8 | 3,217.5 | 3,098.0 | 3,662.0 | 18.2 |
| Universities and colleges | 24,323.2 | 30,168.8 | 29,607.8 | 26,253.2 | 26,289.9 | 24,771.7 | 26,110.1 | 25,962.1 | 27,255.8 | 5.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 1,623.1 | 2,148.1 | 2,151.6 | 2,224.4 | 2,856.9 | 3,089.7 | 3,090.9 | 3,226.8 | 3,489.3 | 8.1 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 5,397.5 | 6,500.7 | 6,687.0 | 5,760.8 | 5,812.9 | 5,445.5 | 5,648.4 | 5,710.6 | 5,833.8 | 2.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,205.7 | 1,462.0 | 1,633.6 | 1,447.7 | 1,457.0 | 1,686.8 | 1,725.7 | 1,616.9 | 1,794.8 | 11.0 |
| State and local governments | 338.8 | 343.6 | 352.8 | 282.2 | 352.2 | 313.5 | 394.7 | 420.3 | 425.0 | 1.1 |
| Foreign | 371.5 | 399.3 | 428.6 | 370.2 | 410.3 | 394.8 | 358.5 | 493.7 | 487.6 | -1.2 |
| Field | ||||||||||
| Engineering | 8,975.5 | 10,285.0 | 11,081.2 | 10,057.2 | 11,403.4 | 10,948.2 | 11,887.5 | 11,955.6 | 13,113.7 | 9.7 |
| Environmental sciences | 2,984.6 | 3,751.1 | 3,338.9 | 3,207.2 | 3,884.3 | 4,041.0 | 4,365.8 | 4,413.7 | 4,677.8 | 6.0 |
| Life sciences | 28,918.8 | 33,267.1 | 33,909.1 | 29,408.6 | 30,966.7 | 29,328.4 | 30,668.2 | 30,473.0 | 32,041.6 | 5.1 |
| Mathematics and computer sciences | 3,047.3 | 3,611.8 | 3,411.8 | 3,374.3 | 3,527.5 | 3,427.0 | 3,883.2 | 3,862.7 | 4,208.3 | 8.9 |
| Physical sciences | 5,072.6 | 5,821.1 | 5,870.8 | 5,426.6 | 6,407.5 | 6,281.9 | 6,483.1 | 6,510.3 | 6,757.3 | 3.8 |
| Psychology | 1,740.8 | 2,086.3 | 2,155.6 | 1,886.8 | 2,086.6 | 1,935.2 | 1,968.0 | 1,994.9 | 2,119.5 | 6.2 |
| Social sciences | 977.0 | 1,159.2 | 1,197.3 | 1,262.4 | 1,124.5 | 1,237.3 | 1,435.1 | 1,136.3 | 1,287.3 | 13.3 |
| Other sciences | 2,177.1 | 3,712.7 | 2,763.2 | 3,400.5 | 2,546.3 | 1,999.3 | 2,217.9 | 3,298.8 | 3,555.1 | 7.8 |
| Development obligations | 73,211.9 | 77,398.2 | 76,626.5 | 77,467.1 | 76,538.3 | 66,187.8 | 67,369.9 | 64,927.8 | 72,309.1 | 11.4 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 17,716.1 | 18,225.2 | 17,630.9 | 22,481.3 | 20,072.8 | 19,546.3 | 20,430.5 | 19,918.5 | 22,431.5 | 12.6 |
| Industrial firms | 50,555.2 | 53,467.0 | 53,242.3 | 47,512.8 | 51,116.1 | 42,172.6 | 42,179.1 | 39,344.9 | 44,402.2 | 12.9 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 1,190.2 | 996.6 | 986.1 | 1,440.1 | 933.0 | 1,082.3 | 990.0 | 837.8 | 815.2 | -2.7 |
| Universities and colleges | 1,703.3 | 1,389.0 | 1,584.5 | 1,427.1 | 1,219.6 | 1,000.2 | 1,319.2 | 1,452.6 | 1,627.4 | 12.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 365.5 | 1,254.6 | 1,218.9 | 1,213.3 | 837.3 | 622.1 | 709.9 | 684.9 | 748.4 | 9.3 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 567.5 | 549.0 | 558.3 | 875.8 | 534.1 | 469.5 | 486.5 | 425.6 | 511.8 | 20.3 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 877.3 | 1,268.7 | 1,150.4 | 1,476.0 | 1,295.2 | 885.1 | 831.5 | 1,654.5 | 1,115.7 | -32.6 |
| State and local governments | 50.2 | 48.4 | 73.9 | 434.0 | 101.0 | 72.1 | 51.6 | 66.7 | 142.7 | 113.8 |
| Foreign | 186.6 | 197.6 | 181.3 | 606.6 | 429.2 | 337.6 | 371.6 | 542.3 | 514.2 | -5.2 |
| R&D plant obligations | 1,943.8 | 3,668.0 | 6,613.3 | 4,170.7 | 2,150.7 | 1,905.1 | 2,217.6 | 2,825.1 | 2,485.2 | -12.0 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 494.0 | 804.7 | 1,953.3 | 846.5 | 486.2 | 673.3 | 642.5 | 1,417.2 | 860.5 | -39.3 |
| Industrial firms | 449.0 | 396.3 | 1,751.2 | 2,030.0 | 460.5 | 231.5 | 323.3 | 275.6 | 270.2 | -2.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 175.6 | 127.7 | 167.7 | 118.3 | 51.8 | 79.5 | 91.2 | 101.7 | 88.8 | -12.7 |
| Universities and colleges | 210.2 | 607.0 | 1,532.6 | 286.0 | 372.5 | 236.6 | 325.8 | 292.2 | 354.1 | 21.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 334.4 | 706.5 | 491.4 | 242.9 | 248.1 | 246.2 | 308.5 | 376.3 | 545.9 | 45.1 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 23.7 | 154.4 | 245.9 | 141.3 | 200.8 | 184.1 | 212.8 | 151.3 | 200.1 | 32.3 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 253.8 | 868.2 | 465.3 | 491.0 | 323.1 | 249.8 | 309.8 | 210.6 | 165.4 | -21.5 |
| State and local governments | # | 1.2 | 2.0 | 0.2 | # | 0.2 | 0.3 | # | # | # |
| Foreign | 3.1 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 14.6 | 7.6 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 32.6 |
| Constant fiscal year 2016 dollars2 | ||||||||||
| Total obligations for research, development, and R&D plant |
$145,704.3 | $163,116.1 | $163,043.5 | $151,390.6 | $149,456.2 | $133,524.1 | $136,944.4 | $133,917.8 | $142,555.0 | 6.4 |
| Research and development obligations | 143,509.6 | 158,983.0 | 155,706.9 | 146,869.7 | 147,170.6 | 131,525.7 | 134,652.4 | 131,038.6 | 140,069.8 | 6.9 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 33,462.9 | 35,546.5 | 34,293.0 | 38,096.2 | 36,523.3 | 34,577.2 | 35,902.3 | 35,594.8 | 37,918.3 | 6.5 |
| Industrial firms | 63,608.4 | 67,325.5 | 66,416.3 | 58,047.5 | 62,604.8 | 51,963.8 | 51,923.0 | 48,365.2 | 53,727.9 | 11.1 |
| Federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) administered by industrial firms |
4,651.6 | 4,582.8 | 4,377.8 | 4,796.1 | 3,838.2 | 3,982.0 | 4,348.8 | 4,011.3 | 4,477.3 | 11.6 |
| Universities and colleges | 29,385.4 | 35,559.2 | 34,604.2 | 30,005.0 | 29,234.8 | 27,034.0 | 28,350.2 | 27,940.4 | 28,883.2 | 3.4 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 2,245.2 | 3,834.2 | 3,739.2 | 3,726.5 | 3,925.9 | 3,893.4 | 3,928.4 | 3,986.7 | 4,237.7 | 6.3 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 6,734.8 | 7,943.6 | 8,037.8 | 7,194.0 | 6,745.1 | 6,204.6 | 6,340.9 | 6,253.9 | 6,345.6 | 1.5 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 2,351.8 | 3,077.0 | 3,088.6 | 3,169.2 | 2,924.8 | 2,697.8 | 2,642.9 | 3,334.1 | 2,910.5 | -12.7 |
| State and local governments | 439.2 | 441.7 | 473.4 | 776.3 | 481.6 | 404.5 | 461.4 | 496.3 | 567.8 | 14.4 |
| Foreign | 630.1 | 672.6 | 676.6 | 1,058.8 | 892.2 | 768.3 | 754.6 | 1,055.9 | 1,001.7 | -5.1 |
| Research obligations | 60,849.0 | 71,770.7 | 70,698.7 | 62,896.7 | 65,832.1 | 62,096.9 | 65,020.8 | 64,865.7 | 67,760.7 | 4.5 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 13,460.3 | 15,010.3 | 14,733.6 | 13,726.9 | 15,191.6 | 14,073.8 | 14,785.9 | 15,294.3 | 15,486.7 | 1.3 |
| Industrial firms | 6,528.7 | 7,076.5 | 7,350.2 | 6,544.4 | 8,282.8 | 7,726.2 | 8,328.0 | 8,265.9 | 9,325.7 | 12.8 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 3,307.8 | 3,459.8 | 3,283.9 | 3,235.0 | 2,846.7 | 2,846.7 | 3,325.5 | 3,157.4 | 3,662.0 | 16.0 |
| Universities and colleges | 27,462.3 | 33,994.2 | 32,846.4 | 28,458.0 | 27,938.8 | 25,984.7 | 26,986.7 | 26,459.9 | 27,255.8 | 3.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 1,832.6 | 2,420.5 | 2,386.9 | 2,411.2 | 3,036.1 | 3,241.0 | 3,194.7 | 3,288.7 | 3,489.3 | 6.1 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 6,094.1 | 7,325.0 | 7,418.4 | 6,244.6 | 6,177.5 | 5,712.1 | 5,838.0 | 5,820.1 | 5,833.8 | 0.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,361.3 | 1,647.4 | 1,812.3 | 1,569.3 | 1,548.4 | 1,769.4 | 1,783.6 | 1,647.9 | 1,794.8 | 8.9 |
| State and local governments | 382.5 | 387.2 | 391.4 | 305.9 | 374.3 | 328.9 | 408.0 | 428.4 | 425.0 | -0.8 |
| Foreign | 419.4 | 449.9 | 475.5 | 401.3 | 436.0 | 414.1 | 370.5 | 503.2 | 487.6 | -3.1 |
| Field | ||||||||||
| Engineering | 10,133.9 | 11,589.1 | 12,293.3 | 10,901.8 | 12,118.6 | 11,484.3 | 12,286.6 | 12,184.8 | 13,113.7 | 7.6 |
| Environmental sciences | 3,369.8 | 4,226.7 | 3,704.1 | 3,476.5 | 4,127.9 | 4,238.9 | 4,512.4 | 4,498.3 | 4,677.8 | 4.0 |
| Life sciences | 32,651.0 | 37,485.4 | 37,618.2 | 31,878.4 | 32,908.9 | 30,764.5 | 31,697.8 | 31,057.3 | 32,041.6 | 3.2 |
| Mathematics and computer sciences | 3,440.6 | 4,069.8 | 3,785.0 | 3,657.7 | 3,748.7 | 3,594.8 | 4,013.6 | 3,936.8 | 4,208.3 | 6.9 |
| Physical sciences | 5,727.3 | 6,559.2 | 6,513.0 | 5,882.3 | 6,809.4 | 6,589.5 | 6,700.7 | 6,635.1 | 6,757.3 | 1.8 |
| Psychology | 1,965.5 | 2,350.8 | 2,391.4 | 2,045.3 | 2,217.5 | 2,030.0 | 2,034.1 | 2,033.2 | 2,119.5 | 4.2 |
| Social sciences | 1,103.1 | 1,306.2 | 1,328.3 | 1,368.4 | 1,195.0 | 1,297.9 | 1,483.3 | 1,158.1 | 1,287.3 | 11.2 |
| Other sciences | 2,458.1 | 4,183.5 | 3,065.4 | 3,686.1 | 2,706.0 | 2,097.2 | 2,292.4 | 3,362.1 | 3,555.1 | 5.7 |
| Development obligations | 82,660.5 | 87,212.3 | 85,008.1 | 83,973.0 | 81,338.6 | 69,428.8 | 69,631.6 | 66,172.8 | 72,309.1 | 9.3 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 20,002.5 | 20,536.2 | 19,559.4 | 24,369.3 | 21,331.7 | 20,503.4 | 21,116.4 | 20,300.4 | 22,431.5 | 10.5 |
| Industrial firms | 57,079.8 | 60,246.6 | 59,066.1 | 51,503.1 | 54,322.0 | 44,237.7 | 43,595.1 | 40,099.3 | 44,402.2 | 10.7 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 1,343.8 | 1,123.0 | 1,094.0 | 1,561.0 | 991.5 | 1,135.3 | 1,023.2 | 853.9 | 815.2 | -4.5 |
| Universities and colleges | 1,923.1 | 1,565.1 | 1,757.8 | 1,547.0 | 1,296.1 | 1,049.2 | 1,363.5 | 1,480.5 | 1,627.4 | 9.9 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 412.7 | 1,413.7 | 1,352.2 | 1,315.2 | 889.8 | 652.6 | 733.7 | 698.0 | 748.4 | 7.2 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 640.7 | 618.6 | 619.4 | 949.4 | 567.6 | 492.5 | 502.8 | 433.8 | 511.8 | 18.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 990.5 | 1,429.6 | 1,276.2 | 1,600.0 | 1,376.4 | 928.4 | 859.4 | 1,686.2 | 1,115.7 | -33.8 |
| State and local governments | 56.7 | 54.5 | 82.0 | 470.4 | 107.3 | 75.6 | 53.3 | 68.0 | 142.7 | 109.9 |
| Foreign | 210.7 | 222.7 | 201.1 | 657.5 | 456.1 | 354.1 | 384.1 | 552.7 | 514.2 | -7.0 |
| R&D plant obligations | 2,194.7 | 4,133.1 | 7,336.7 | 4,521.0 | 2,285.6 | 1,998.4 | 2,292.0 | 2,879.3 | 2,485.2 | -13.7 |
| Performer | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 557.8 | 906.7 | 2,167.0 | 917.6 | 516.7 | 706.3 | 664.1 | 1,444.4 | 860.5 | -40.4 |
| Industrial firms | 506.9 | 446.6 | 1,942.8 | 2,200.5 | 489.4 | 242.8 | 334.2 | 280.9 | 270.2 | -3.8 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 198.3 | 143.9 | 186.0 | 128.2 | 55.0 | 83.4 | 94.3 | 103.7 | 88.8 | -14.3 |
| Universities and colleges | 237.3 | 684.0 | 1,700.2 | 310.0 | 395.9 | 248.2 | 336.7 | 297.8 | 354.1 | 18.9 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 377.6 | 796.1 | 545.2 | 263.3 | 263.7 | 258.3 | 318.9 | 383.5 | 545.9 | 42.3 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 26.8 | 174.0 | 272.8 | 153.2 | 213.4 | 193.1 | 219.9 | 154.2 | 200.1 | 29.8 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 286.6 | 978.3 | 516.2 | 532.2 | 343.4 | 262.0 | 320.2 | 214.6 | 165.4 | -22.9 |
| State and local governments | # | 1.4 | 2.2 | 0.2 | # | 0.2 | 0.3 | # | # | # |
| Foreign | 3.5 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 15.8 | 8.1 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -1.9 |
| #Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||
| 1 Includes costs associated with the administration of intramural and extramural programs by federal personnel as well as actual intramural performance. | ||||||||||
| 2 Data adjusted by the federal budget composite deflator reported in U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2017. | ||||||||||
| NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Totals do not include the Central Intelligence Agency. | ||||||||||
| SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, 2006 through 2016, retrieved April 5, 2017, from https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/fedfunds/2015/. (This table was prepared April 2017.) |
