Digest of Education Statistics
2016 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest


Table 316.80. Percentage of degree-granting postsecondary institutions with a tenure system and of full-time faculty with tenure at these institutions, by control and level of institution and selected characteristics of faculty: Selected years, 1993-94 through 2015-16
Selected characteristic and academic year All insti-
tutions
Public institutions Nonprofit institutions For-profit
insti-
tutions
Total 4-year institutions 2-year Total 4-year institutions 2-year
Total Doc-
toral1
Mas-
ter's2
Other Total Doc-
toral1
Mas-
ter's2
Other
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Percent of institutions with a
      tenure system
                           
1993-94 62.6 73.6 92.6 100.0 98.3 76.4 62.1 62.0 66.3 90.5 76.5 58.3 26.1 7.8
1999-2000 55.0 72.8 94.6 100.0 95.5 86.3 60.3 59.0 63.4 81.2 72.6 54.9 14.0 4.0
2003-04 52.7 71.3 90.9 100.0 98.0 70.9 59.4 57.9 61.2 86.6 71.6 49.5 14.4 3.6
2005-06 50.9 71.5 90.9 99.5 98.0 71.6 59.4 56.5 59.8 85.1 67.1 49.2 11.5 2.0
2007-08 49.5 70.7 91.0 100.0 98.6 71.6 57.4 57.5 60.2 87.8 66.0 49.0 13.0 1.4
                             
2009-10 47.8 71.2 90.9 99.6 98.5 71.3 57.7 57.1 59.5 80.6 64.4 44.6 12.9 1.5
2011-12 45.3 71.6 90.8 99.6 98.5 70.5 57.8 55.6 58.6 79.5 64.0 42.7 8.0 1.3
2013-14 49.3 74.6 95.8 99.6 98.1 86.6 58.9 59.7 61.8 79.6 63.2 49.0 12.5 1.2
2015-16 51.9 74.7 95.2 99.6 97.6 85.7 58.8 57.7 60.6 79.8 60.8 47.0 7.5 1.3
                             
Faculty with tenure at institutions
      with a tenure system
                           
                             
Percent of all full-time faculty3                            
1993-94 56.2 58.9 56.3 54.5 60.5 51.1 69.9 49.5 49.5 47.6 51.8 50.4 47.9 33.8
1999-2000 53.7 55.9 53.2 50.4 59.1 54.7 67.7 48.2 48.1 43.4 52.3 53.5 59.7 77.4
2003-04 50.4 53.0 50.2 48.9 52.9 51.2 65.2 44.6 44.6 40.1 48.7 51.9 47.7 69.2
2005-06 49.6 51.5 48.7 47.2 52.3 49.1 64.1 45.1 45.1 40.7 49.1 52.5 45.2 69.3
2007-08 48.8 50.5 47.8 46.1 51.9 49.1 63.6 44.7 44.7 40.1 49.8 52.7 41.3 51.3
                             
2009-10 48.7 50.6 47.8 45.7 53.6 51.3 64.1 44.3 44.3 40.4 50.5 54.1 38.5 51.0
2011-12 48.5 50.7 48.0 45.8 54.3 53.4 64.7 43.7 43.7 39.7 50.7 54.3 31.4 31.0
2013-14 48.3 50.4 47.3 44.9 55.4 52.2 67.2 43.8 43.8 39.5 51.7 55.9 31.5 19.8
2015-16 47.3 49.3 46.6 44.2 54.7 53.4 65.1 42.8 42.9 38.6 51.6 55.6 33.9 17.0
                             
Percent of full-time
       instructional faculty only
                           
2013-14                            
Total 50.7 52.8 50.0 48.1 55.6 53.5 67.2 46.3 46.4 42.9 51.7 55.9 30.5 19.8
Male 56.6 58.5 56.8 55.5 61.9 56.2 69.6 52.7 52.8 49.9 57.2 61.9 36.7 21.7
Female 43.2 45.7 40.8 37.4 48.5 50.6 65.1 37.7 37.7 32.7 45.4 48.7 26.4 18.3
                             
Professor 90.7 91.9 91.7 90.2 97.8 91.8 93.5 88.4 88.4 86.1 92.1 95.4 79.2 61.3
Male 91.1 92.3 92.1 90.8 97.9 92.6 94.4 88.8 88.8 87.0 91.8 95.4 91.7 64.4
Female 89.9 91.1 90.8 88.3 97.6 90.6 92.7 87.4 87.4 83.6 92.6 95.3 66.7 55.9
                             
Associate professor 77.1 80.6 80.7 77.5 90.2 85.8 79.3 70.4 70.4 63.8 78.6 86.2 42.2 22.9
Male 77.2 80.9 81.0 78.2 90.1 86.1 80.4 70.1 70.1 64.1 78.8 84.7 44.4 20.0
Female 76.8 80.1 80.3 76.6 90.3 85.4 78.4 70.7 70.8 63.4 78.5 87.9 41.7 25.0
                             
Assistant professor 6.8 8.7 5.2 2.0 11.6 23.9 45.2 3.4 3.4 2.1 6.7 4.5 11.1
Male 6.5 8.2 5.0 2.0 11.6 23.5 48.1 3.4 3.4 2.2 6.9 4.7 11.5
Female 7.1 9.3 5.4 2.1 11.6 24.3 43.0 3.3 3.3 1.9 6.6 4.3 10.8
                             
Instructor 28.4 34.4 2.1 0.9 1.8 11.6 61.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.6 9.1 66.7
Lecturer 1.6 2.0 1.3 0.7 2.9 4.6 20.9 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.0 1.4
No academic rank 32.3 41.1 20.4 1.0 7.5 64.0 69.1 9.6 9.5 1.2 19.7 42.3 37.1 11.7
                             
2015-16                            
Total 49.6 51.7 49.2 47.4 54.8 54.3 65.1 45.3 45.3 41.8 51.6 55.6 33.9 17.0
Male 55.5 57.4 55.9 54.6 60.7 57.3 67.5 51.7 51.7 48.8 57.3 61.4 46.1 18.9
Female 42.4 44.9 40.6 37.4 48.2 51.4 63.1 37.0 37.0 32.2 45.2 49.1 25.6 15.5
                             
Professor 90.3 91.5 91.6 90.0 97.9 92.2 90.7 88.1 88.1 85.6 92.9 95.8 80.6 61.6
Male 90.8 92.0 92.0 90.7 97.9 93.2 91.7 88.5 88.5 86.6 92.8 95.8 88.9 66.0
Female 89.3 90.4 90.5 88.1 97.9 90.8 89.8 87.1 87.1 83.1 93.0 95.8 69.2 55.6
                             
Associate professor 76.4 80.0 80.3 77.3 90.2 87.0 77.0 69.6 69.6 63.3 78.2 86.7 53.7 34.8
Male 76.7 80.5 80.6 77.8 90.5 86.9 78.4 69.5 69.5 63.6 78.3 86.0 81.3 29.7
Female 76.1 79.4 79.8 76.5 89.8 87.2 75.8 69.7 69.8 62.7 78.1 87.5 42.1 38.5
                             
Assistant professor 6.0 7.7 4.5 1.7 10.1 25.2 43.5 2.8 2.8 1.8 5.6 3.9 11.1 4.9
Male 5.8 7.3 4.3 1.7 10.1 25.0 47.0 2.9 2.9 1.8 6.0 4.5 13.0 4.9
Female 6.2 8.2 4.7 1.7 10.1 25.3 41.0 2.6 2.6 1.7 5.3 3.3 9.7 4.9
                             
Instructor 27.4 33.6 3.5 0.5 2.4 23.5 59.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 1.2 3.1
Lecturer 1.8 2.4 1.8 1.0 3.7 4.3 22.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.2
No academic rank 31.9 39.8 23.1 7.3 5.1 60.1 67.9 10.4 10.3 1.4 21.0 43.0 40.6
†Not applicable.
‡Reporting standards not met (too few cases).
1 Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor's degrees during the previous academic year.
2 Institutions that awarded 20 or more master's degrees, but less than 20 doctor's degrees, during the previous academic year.
3 Includes instructional, research, and public service faculty.
NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:93-99); and IPEDS Winter 2003-04 through Winter 2011-12 and Spring 2013 through Spring 2016, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section. (This table was prepared December 2016.)

2016 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest