Table 106.30.

Amount and percentage distribution of direct general expenditures of state and local governments, by function: Selected years, 1970-71 through 2013-14

Function	1970-71	1980-81	1990-91	2000-01	2008-09	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
	Amount (in millions of current dollars)
Total direct general expenditures	$150,674	$407,449	$908,109	$1,621,757	$2,495,901	$2,537,892	$2,579,509	$2,589,022	$2,621,156	$2,706,935
Education and public libraries	60,174	147,649	313,744	571,374	862,819	871,109	872,969	880,683	887,402	915,468
Education	59,413	145,784	309,302	563,572	851,689	860,118	862,271	869,223	876,252	904,310
Public libraries	761	1,865	4,442	7,802	11,130	10,991	10,699	11,460	11,150	11,158
Social services and income maintenance	30,376	92,555	214,919	396,086	661,111	689,435	729,846	732,358	766,184	803,351
Public welfare	18,226	54,121	130,402	257,380	432,428	456,200	490,645	485,513	515,674	542,569
Hospitals and health	11,205	36,101	81,110	134,010	223,180	227,285	233,018	240,891	244,585	255,322
Social insurance administration	945	2,276	3,250	4,359	4,570	5,157	5,256	5,116	4,901	4,400
Veterans’ services	†	57	157	337	933	794	927	838	1,024	1,060
Transportation1	19,819	39,231	75,410	130,422	184,166	187,073	183,282	188,380	186,224	191,656
Public safety	9,416	31,233	79,932	146,544	225,735	224,346	225,202	225,631	228,586	234,959
Police and fire protection	7,531	21,283	46,568	84,554	135,904	137,106	138,147	139,375	141,533	146,085
Correction	1,885	7,393	27,356	52,370	75,096	73,100	73,243	72,688	73,009	74,750
Protective inspection and regulation	†	2,557	6,008	9,620	14,735	14,139	13,812	13,568	14,043	14,124
Environment and housing	11,832	35,223	76,167	124,203	196,750	198,223	200,491	196,184	190,168	189,570
Natural resources, parks, and        recreation	5,191	13,239	28,505	50,082	71,714	68,680	67,053	66,424	65,228	65,124
Housing and community development	2,554	7,086	16,648	27,402	49,885	53,923	56,284	53,659	50,165	49,945
Sewerage and sanitation	4,087	14,898	31,014	46,718	75,152	75,620	77,154	76,101	74,775	74,501
Governmental administration	6,703	20,001	48,461	85,910	128,350	126,719	123,851	123,711	123,839	128,590
Financial administration	2,271	7,230	16,995	30,007	40,576	40,241	39,351	38,683	39,785	41,162
General control2	4,432	12,771	31,466	55,903	87,775	86,479	84,500	85,027	84,054	87,428
Interest on general debt	5,089	17,131	52,234	73,836	104,449	105,715	108,478	108,935	108,722	107,401
Other direct general expenditures	7,265	24,426	47,242	93,382	132,521	135,273	135,388	133,142	130,030	135,940
	Amount (in millions of constant 2015-16 dollars)3
Total direct general expenditures	$904,901	$1,122,165	$1,617,816	$2,209,766	$2,774,004	$2,793,642	$2,783,560	$2,714,295	$2,703,002	$2,748,524
Education and public libraries	361,386	406,644	558,942	778,540	958,958	958,893	942,025	923,296	915,111	929,533
Education	356,816	401,507	551,028	767,909	946,587	946,794	930,481	911,281	903,613	918,204
Public libraries	4,570	5,136	7,914	10,631	12,370	12,099	11,545	12,014	11,499	11,330
Social services and income maintenance	182,429	254,908	382,883	539,696	734,775	758,911	787,581	767,794	790,109	815,694
Public welfare	109,460	149,056	232,314	350,700	480,611	502,172	529,457	509,005	531,776	550,905
Hospitals and health	67,294	99,427	144,499	182,599	248,048	250,189	251,451	252,546	252,223	259,245
Social insurance administration	5,675	6,268	5,790	5,939	5,079	5,676	5,672	5,364	5,054	4,468
Veterans’ services	†	157	280	459	1,037	874	1,000	879	1,056	1,076
Transportation1	119,027	108,047	134,345	177,710	204,686	205,925	197,780	197,495	192,039	194,600
Public safety	56,550	86,020	142,401	199,678	250,887	246,953	243,017	236,548	235,724	238,569
Police and fire protection	45,229	58,616	82,962	115,212	151,046	150,923	149,075	146,118	145,953	148,330
Correction	11,321	20,361	48,735	71,358	83,464	80,467	79,037	76,205	75,289	75,898
Protective inspection and regulation	†	7,042	10,703	13,108	16,377	15,564	14,905	14,224	14,482	14,341
Environment and housing	71,059	97,009	135,693	169,236	218,672	218,199	216,351	205,677	196,106	192,483
Natural resources, parks, and        recreation	31,176	36,462	50,782	68,241	79,704	75,601	72,358	69,638	67,265	66,125
Housing and community development	15,339	19,516	29,659	37,338	55,443	59,357	60,736	56,255	51,731	50,712
Sewerage and sanitation	24,545	41,031	55,252	63,657	83,525	83,240	83,258	79,784	77,110	75,646
Governmental administration	40,256	55,085	86,334	117,058	142,652	139,489	133,648	129,697	127,706	130,565
Financial administration	13,639	19,912	30,277	40,887	45,097	44,296	42,464	40,555	41,027	41,794
General control2	26,617	35,173	56,057	76,172	97,555	95,193	91,184	89,142	86,679	88,771
Interest on general debt	30,563	47,181	93,056	100,607	116,087	116,368	117,060	114,206	112,117	109,051
Other direct general expenditures	43,631	67,272	84,163	127,240	147,287	148,904	146,098	139,584	134,090	138,029
	Percentage distribution
Total direct general expenditures	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Education and public libraries	39.9	36.2	34.5	35.2	34.6	34.3	33.8	34.0	33.9	33.8
Education	39.4	35.8	34.1	34.8	34.1	33.9	33.4	33.6	33.4	33.4
Public libraries	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Social services and income maintenance	20.2	22.7	23.7	24.4	26.5	27.2	28.3	28.3	29.2	29.7
Public welfare	12.1	13.3	14.4	15.9	17.3	18.0	19.0	18.8	19.7	20.0
Hospitals and health	7.4	8.9	8.9	8.3	8.9	9.0	9.0	9.3	9.3	9.4
Social insurance administration	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Veterans’ services	†	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#
Transportation1	13.2	9.6	8.3	8.0	7.4	7.4	7.1	7.3	7.1	7.1
Public safety	6.2	7.7	8.8	9.0	9.0	8.8	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7
Police and fire protection	5.0	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4
Correction	1.3	1.8	3.0	3.2	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
Protective inspection and regulation	†	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Environment and housing	7.9	8.6	8.4	7.7	7.9	7.8	7.8	7.6	7.3	7.0
Natural resources, parks, and        recreation	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.4
Housing and community development	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1	1.9	1.8
Sewerage and sanitation	2.7	3.7	3.4	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8
Governmental administration	4.4	4.9	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.8
Financial administration	1.5	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
General control2	2.9	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.2
Interest on general debt	3.4	4.2	5.8	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.0
Other direct general expenditures	4.8	6.0	5.2	5.8	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.0

†Not applicable.
#Rounds to zero.
1 Includes highways, air transportation (airports), parking facilities, and sea and inland port facilities. For 2000-01 and earlier years, also includes transit subsidies.
2 Includes judicial and legal expenditures, expenditures on general public buildings, and other governmental administration expenditures.
3 Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.
NOTE: Excludes monies paid by states to the federal government. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Governmental Finances. Retrieved March 15, 2017, from http://www.census.gov/govs/local/. (This table was prepared March 2017.)