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| Table 102.60. | Number and percentage of related children under age 18 living in poverty, by family structure, race/ethnicity, and selected racial/ethnic subgroups: 2010 and 2015 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year and race/ethnicity | Number of related children1 living in poverty (in thousands) |
Percent of related children1 living in poverty, by family structure | |||||||||||||
| Total, all families |
Married-couple household2 |
Female householder, no spouse present2 |
Male householder, no spouse present2 |
||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||||
| 2010 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 15,357 | (97.8) | 21.1 | (0.13) | 10.8 | (0.11) | 43.9 | (0.25) | 28.9 | (0.36) | |||||
| White | 4,934 | (47.9) | 12.7 | (0.12) | 6.6 | (0.10) | 35.0 | (0.34) | 21.0 | (0.45) | |||||
| Black | 3,835 | (42.0) | 37.8 | (0.38) | 14.7 | (0.42) | 51.2 | (0.49) | 40.1 | (1.01) | |||||
| Hispanic | 5,362 | (38.2) | 31.9 | (0.22) | 22.3 | (0.28) | 49.4 | (0.40) | 34.1 | (0.72) | |||||
| Cuban | 75 | (4.7) | 18.8 | (1.10) | 12.5 | (1.29) | 35.4 | (2.43) | 16.8 | (2.90) | |||||
| Dominican | 148 | (7.1) | 34.3 | (1.22) | 12.9 | (1.24) | 51.6 | (1.95) | 30.2 | (4.75) | |||||
| Mexican | 3,999 | (35.1) | 33.8 | (0.26) | 25.3 | (0.33) | 50.8 | (0.52) | 36.9 | (0.91) | |||||
| Puerto Rican | 513 | (14.3) | 33.6 | (0.77) | 13.5 | (0.92) | 53.6 | (1.09) | 30.4 | (2.05) | |||||
| Spaniard | 31 | (3.1) | 17.4 | (1.62) | 9.3 | (1.83) | 35.2 | (3.72) | 20.5 | (4.73) | |||||
| Central American3 | 323 | (11.0) | 26.8 | (0.80) | 17.8 | (0.88) | 41.8 | (1.39) | 31.0 | (2.47) | |||||
| Costa Rican | 6 | (1.3) | 18.4 | (3.53) | 11.8 | ! | (3.71) | 25.7 | ! | (7.79) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Guatemalan | 98 | (6.7) | 31.5 | (1.68) | 23.6 | (1.80) | 46.4 | (3.51) | 36.2 | (4.62) | |||||
| Honduran | 68 | (5.2) | 33.5 | (2.16) | 20.3 | (2.57) | 51.5 | (3.05) | 30.0 | (4.83) | |||||
| Nicaraguan | 19 | (2.8) | 21.6 | (2.90) | 12.8 | (2.80) | 38.5 | (5.69) | 27.2 | (7.33) | |||||
| Panamanian | 6 | (1.5) | 15.4 | (3.49) | ‡ | (†) | 32.3 | (6.69) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Salvadoran | 123 | (6.3) | 23.6 | (1.08) | 15.5 | (1.26) | 36.8 | (1.98) | 29.5 | (3.96) | |||||
| South American | 132 | (6.4) | 17.3 | (0.78) | 11.6 | (0.79) | 33.2 | (1.71) | 17.1 | (2.57) | |||||
| Chilean | 3 | (1.0) | 10.8 | (3.01) | 7.3 | ! | (3.51) | 25.8 | ! | (8.79) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Colombian | 34 | (3.5) | 14.0 | (1.30) | 9.5 | (1.34) | 24.3 | (2.74) | 14.8 | ! | (5.06) | ||||
| Ecuadorian | 41 | (4.1) | 24.2 | (1.95) | 17.6 | (2.05) | 43.6 | (3.49) | 21.8 | (5.36) | |||||
| Peruvian | 28 | (3.8) | 18.7 | (2.25) | 11.0 | (1.90) | 40.4 | (4.91) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Venezuelan | 10 | (2.0) | 17.2 | (3.19) | 12.7 | (3.22) | 33.6 | (8.59) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Other South American | 16 | (2.5) | 14.0 | (1.88) | 9.1 | (1.77) | 30.4 | (5.76) | 19.7 | ! | (8.71) | ||||
| Other Hispanic | 142 | (7.0) | 28.3 | (1.15) | 17.5 | (1.26) | 47.0 | (1.96) | 25.7 | (3.06) | |||||
| Asian | 383 | (9.6) | 12.2 | (0.30) | 9.5 | (0.28) | 28.3 | (1.21) | 23.6 | (1.87) | |||||
| Chinese4 | 67 | (3.4) | 10.0 | (0.51) | 7.8 | (0.50) | 24.1 | (2.31) | 21.8 | (3.67) | |||||
| Filipino | 25 | (3.1) | 5.4 | (0.69) | 3.0 | (0.56) | 17.3 | (2.78) | 9.8 | ! | (2.98) | ||||
| Japanese | 4 | (0.9) | 4.6 | (1.15) | 2.2 | ! | (0.91) | 25.9 | (7.58) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Korean | 34 | (2.8) | 13.0 | (0.97) | 9.9 | (0.88) | 37.0 | (4.29) | 8.8 | ! | (3.45) | ||||
| South Asian5 | 82 | (5.4) | 10.0 | (0.63) | 8.9 | (0.60) | 27.8 | (4.04) | 24.1 | (6.46) | |||||
| Asian Indian | 52 | (4.3) | 7.7 | (0.61) | 6.6 | (0.60) | 27.0 | (4.53) | 23.0 | (6.06) | |||||
| Bangladeshi | 10 | (1.7) | 30.0 | (4.25) | 31.4 | (4.45) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Bhutanese | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | |||||
| Nepalese | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | |||||
| Pakistani | 20 | (2.4) | 19.2 | (2.32) | 17.6 | (2.14) | 42.5 | (12.51) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Southeast Asian | 140 | (6.3) | 21.7 | (0.89) | 17.2 | (1.00) | 34.8 | (2.16) | 38.0 | (4.67) | |||||
| Burmese | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | |||||
| Cambodian | 17 | (2.4) | 26.3 | (2.94) | 20.2 | (4.30) | 35.4 | (5.11) | 39.0 | (9.46) | |||||
| Hmong | 40 | (4.4) | 39.7 | (3.60) | 30.9 | (3.86) | 61.2 | (6.69) | 63.6 | (8.43) | |||||
| Laotian | 11 | (2.3) | 20.5 | (3.72) | 18.0 | ! | (5.48) | 26.4 | (5.10) | 17.3 | ! | (5.96) | |||
| Thai | 5 | ! | (1.8) | 23.3 | (6.49) | 23.9 | ! | (7.98) | ‡ | (‡) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Vietnamese | 63 | (4.2) | 16.3 | (1.04) | 12.8 | (1.01) | 31.7 | (3.38) | 28.6 | (5.76) | |||||
| Other Southeast Asian6 | 5 | (1.3) | 22.6 | (5.67) | 23.4 | (6.10) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Other Asian | 32 | (2.8) | 15.8 | (1.28) | 13.2 | (1.28) | 29.6 | (4.05) | 21.7 | ! | (6.98) | ||||
| Pacific Islander | 28 | (2.9) | 22.0 | (2.24) | 18.8 | (2.68) | 33.3 | (4.82) | 18.0 | ! | (5.47) | ||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native7 | 188 | (6.5) | 34.0 | (1.16) | 18.7 | (1.45) | 49.9 | (1.92) | 41.5 | (2.72) | |||||
| American Indian | 159 | (6.0) | 35.5 | (1.25) | 19.2 | (1.63) | 52.5 | (1.99) | 41.8 | (3.05) | |||||
| Alaska Native | 9 | (1.4) | 24.6 | (3.44) | 13.5 | (3.36) | 37.1 | (6.49) | 26.6 | ! | (8.25) | ||||
| Some other race8 | 35 | (3.3) | 19.7 | (1.60) | 11.3 | (1.74) | 34.9 | (4.07) | 35.4 | (6.89) | |||||
| Two or more races | 591 | (14.1) | 21.3 | (0.48) | 8.7 | (0.37) | 41.0 | (0.88) | 28.1 | (1.33) | |||||
| 2015 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 14,652 | (109.9) | 20.3 | (0.15) | 10.0 | (0.11) | 43.3 | (0.27) | 26.9 | (0.36) | |||||
| White | 4,505 | (51.0) | 12.2 | (0.14) | 6.2 | (0.10) | 34.2 | (0.42) | 19.4 | (0.48) | |||||
| Black | 3,534 | (33.1) | 36.2 | (0.31) | 13.2 | (0.41) | 49.7 | (0.46) | 38.5 | (1.05) | |||||
| Hispanic | 5,357 | (48.3) | 30.2 | (0.27) | 19.8 | (0.29) | 48.9 | (0.48) | 31.7 | (0.69) | |||||
| Cuban | 89 | (6.3) | 20.9 | (1.27) | 8.3 | (1.15) | 46.3 | (2.44) | 24.0 | (3.43) | |||||
| Dominican | 188 | (9.2) | 36.2 | (1.29) | 19.4 | (2.04) | 51.1 | (2.12) | 37.0 | (4.22) | |||||
| Mexican | 3,827 | (42.4) | 31.5 | (0.33) | 22.1 | (0.35) | 50.3 | (0.61) | 32.4 | (0.88) | |||||
| Puerto Rican | 504 | (14.6) | 31.0 | (0.80) | 11.8 | (0.85) | 49.3 | (1.11) | 34.7 | (1.98) | |||||
| Spaniard | 25 | (3.0) | 12.4 | (1.43) | 7.0 | (1.48) | 28.1 | (3.95) | 13.9 | ! | (4.76) | ||||
| Central American3 | 451 | (12.7) | 30.2 | (0.75) | 21.1 | (0.98) | 47.2 | (1.44) | 29.5 | (2.28) | |||||
| Costa Rican | 5 | (1.5) | 12.6 | (3.38) | 5.6 | ! | (2.54) | 27.2 | ! | (8.24) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Guatemalan | 154 | (7.8) | 36.7 | (1.45) | 28.6 | (2.07) | 55.9 | (2.62) | 32.4 | (4.22) | |||||
| Honduran | 89 | (6.6) | 35.0 | (2.07) | 22.3 | (2.91) | 52.5 | (3.06) | 32.3 | (5.29) | |||||
| Nicaraguan | 18 | (2.4) | 18.5 | (2.15) | 11.2 | (2.54) | 36.8 | (5.02) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Panamanian | 6 | (1.7) | 11.9 | (3.10) | ‡ | (†) | 26.3 | (6.84) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Salvadoran | 176 | (8.5) | 28.4 | (1.16) | 19.7 | (1.38) | 43.5 | (1.91) | 29.8 | (3.31) | |||||
| South American | 124 | (8.2) | 15.6 | (0.92) | 7.7 | (0.81) | 34.2 | (2.43) | 21.5 | (3.51) | |||||
| Chilean | 3 | ! | (1.2) | 8.6 | ! | (3.06) | ‡ | (‡) | 28.5 | ! | (8.91) | ‡ | (†) | ||
| Colombian | 33 | (3.8) | 14.0 | (1.49) | 7.3 | (1.38) | 29.5 | (3.47) | 23.4 | (4.91) | |||||
| Ecuadorian | 36 | (3.5) | 19.8 | (1.49) | 9.0 | (1.82) | 37.1 | (3.85) | 30.1 | ! | (9.54) | ||||
| Peruvian | 20 | (2.8) | 13.6 | (1.79) | 5.1 | (1.19) | 32.3 | (4.93) | 13.5 | ! | (5.06) | ||||
| Venezuelan | 15 | (2.8) | 20.1 | (3.10) | 13.8 | (2.94) | 43.2 | (8.14) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Other South American | 17 | (2.7) | 14.3 | (2.08) | 6.8 | (1.85) | 36.8 | (6.62) | 23.5 | ! | (9.18) | ||||
| Other Hispanic | 150 | (8.1) | 27.2 | (1.17) | 16.4 | (1.24) | 44.1 | (1.87) | 31.4 | (3.59) | |||||
| Asian | 385 | (12.3) | 11.4 | (0.35) | 8.6 | (0.32) | 29.9 | (1.29) | 20.2 | (1.98) | |||||
| Chinese4 | 80 | (4.7) | 11.2 | (0.65) | 9.0 | (0.65) | 25.0 | (2.26) | 19.1 | (3.32) | |||||
| Filipino | 28 | (3.6) | 6.1 | (0.77) | 3.4 | (0.51) | 19.1 | (3.41) | 9.7 | ! | (3.32) | ||||
| Japanese | 5 | (1.1) | 6.2 | (1.36) | 4.3 | (1.18) | 18.6 | ! | (7.47) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Korean | 20 | (2.5) | 8.7 | (1.02) | 5.8 | (0.93) | 34.5 | (4.81) | 20.0 | ! | (8.50) | ||||
| South Asian5 | 87 | (5.0) | 8.0 | (0.46) | 7.2 | (0.44) | 27.1 | (3.02) | 7.4 | ! | (3.39) | ||||
| Asian Indian | 45 | (3.6) | 5.3 | (0.43) | 4.7 | (0.40) | 20.7 | (3.43) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Bangladeshi | 13 | (2.2) | 27.1 | (3.74) | 24.6 | (3.99) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Bhutanese | 1 | ! | (0.4) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Nepalese | 8 | (1.5) | 27.1 | (4.42) | 26.9 | (4.56) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Pakistani | 18 | (2.5) | 14.0 | (1.85) | 12.9 | (1.90) | 29.8 | (8.20) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Southeast Asian | 146 | (8.9) | 23.3 | (1.21) | 18.1 | (1.12) | 40.8 | (3.06) | 30.6 | (4.18) | |||||
| Burmese | 26 | (3.7) | 50.6 | (4.98) | 50.7 | (5.49) | 52.5 | (15.46) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Cambodian | 11 | (1.8) | 18.5 | (2.89) | 17.0 | (3.41) | 23.4 | (6.32) | 14.8 | ! | (6.29) | ||||
| Hmong | 39 | (5.1) | 38.1 | (4.33) | 26.8 | (3.41) | 64.7 | (7.67) | 48.4 | (9.90) | |||||
| Laotian | 7 | (1.4) | 19.7 | (3.37) | 13.8 | (3.99) | 35.5 | (8.01) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Thai | 4 | (0.9) | 19.0 | (4.27) | 10.7 | ! | (4.41) | 45.7 | (11.55) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Vietnamese | 58 | (4.2) | 16.4 | (1.06) | 11.7 | (1.07) | 36.7 | (3.42) | 24.0 | (5.64) | |||||
| Other Southeast Asian6 | ‡ | (‡) | ‡ | (‡) | ‡ | (‡) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Other Asian | 7 | (1.2) | 15.9 | (2.44) | 14.1 | (2.83) | 23.6 | ! | (8.06) | 23.7 | ! | (11.64) | |||
| Pacific Islander | 27 | (3.1) | 22.0 | (2.48) | 17.5 | (2.94) | 36.7 | (5.74) | 20.6 | (5.55) | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native7 | 168 | (4.8) | 32.3 | (0.93) | 15.5 | (1.02) | 49.2 | (1.69) | 42.3 | (2.41) | |||||
| American Indian | 144 | (4.1) | 33.2 | (0.97) | 16.0 | (1.19) | 49.9 | (1.84) | 42.2 | (2.66) | |||||
| Alaska Native | 8 | (1.4) | 24.8 | (3.87) | 14.1 | (3.91) | 31.0 | (7.01) | 48.6 | (8.95) | |||||
| Some other race8 | 40 | (4.9) | 17.7 | (1.96) | 7.1 | (1.31) | 36.9 | (4.69) | 25.5 | (5.40) | |||||
| Two or more races | 637 | (14.1) | 19.4 | (0.43) | 7.4 | (0.37) | 40.9 | (1.01) | 24.5 | (1.33) | |||||
| —Not available. | |||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | |||||||||||||||
| !Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent. | |||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | |||||||||||||||
| 1 Related children in a family include all children in the household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption (except a child who is the spouse of the householder). The householder is the person (or one of the people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. This table includes only children related to the householder. It excludes unrelated children and householders who are themselves under the age of 18. | |||||||||||||||
| 2 To determine family structure, children are classified by their parents’ marital status or, if no parents are present in the household, by the marital status of the householder who is related to the children. | |||||||||||||||
| 3 Includes other Central American subgroups not shown separately. | |||||||||||||||
| 4 Includes Taiwanese. | |||||||||||||||
| 5 In addition to the subgroups shown, also includes Sri Lankan. | |||||||||||||||
| 6 Consists of Indonesian and Malaysian. | |||||||||||||||
| 7 Includes persons reporting American Indian alone, persons reporting Alaska Native alone, and persons from American Indian and/or Alaska Native tribes specified or not specified. | |||||||||||||||
| 8 Respondents who wrote in some other race that was not included as an option on the questionnaire. | |||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Respondents were interviewed throughout the given year and reported the income they received during the previous 12 months. Data are based on sample surveys of the entire population residing within the United States. Poverty status is determined by the Census Bureau using a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition. For additional information about poverty status, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html. Poverty estimates in this table may differ from table 102.50's official national poverty estimates, which are based on a different data source (the Current Population Survey). Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. | |||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 2010 and 2015. (This table was prepared December 2016.) |