( Official and supplemental measures of poverty status for all persons, persons in families, and related children under age 18, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1960 through 2015
Digest of Education Statistics
2016 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest


Table 102.50. Official and supplemental measures of poverty status for all persons, persons in families, and related children under age 18, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1960 through 2015
[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Race/ethnicity, type of poverty measure, and year Number below the poverty level (in thousands) Percent below the poverty level
All persons In all families In families with female householder, no spouse present All persons In all families In families with female householder, no spouse present
Total Householder1 Related children under 182 Total Related children under 182 Total House-holder1 Related children under 182 Total Related children under 182
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Total,
      official poverty measure3
                                               
1960 39,851 (644.0) 34,925 (493.6) 8,243 (177.2) 17,288 (290.6) 7,247 (163.6) 4,095 (116.6) 22.2 (0.34) 20.7 (0.17) 18.1 (0.30) 26.5 (0.29) 48.9 (0.69) 68.4 (1.01)
1965 33,185 (595.4) 28,358 (419.2) 6,721 (156.2) 14,388 (255.6) 7,524 (167.4) 4,562 (124.1) 17.3 (0.30) 15.8 (0.14) 13.9 (0.26) 20.7 (0.26) 46.0 (0.66) 64.2 (0.96)
1970 25,420 (431.8) 20,330 (266.6) 5,260 (110.1) 10,235 (166.2) 7,503 (136.5) 4,689 (102.9) 12.6 (0.21) 10.9 (0.10) 10.1 (0.18) 14.9 (0.19) 38.1 (0.48) 53.0 (0.73)
1975 25,877 (435.2) 20,789 (271.0) 5,450 (112.4) 10,882 (173.0) 8,846 (151.3) 5,597 (114.2) 12.3 (0.20) 10.9 (0.10) 9.7 (0.17) 16.8 (0.20) 37.5 (0.43) 52.7 (0.67)
1980 29,272 (460.0) 22,601 (288.2) 6,217 (121.7) 11,114 (175.4) 10,120 (165.0) 5,866 (117.5) 13.0 (0.20) 11.5 (0.10) 10.3 (0.17) 17.9 (0.21) 36.7 (0.40) 50.8 (0.64)
1985 33,064 (513.3) 25,729 (336.0) 7,223 (141.0) 12,483 (200.4) 11,600 (190.8) 6,716 (134.8) 14.0 (0.21) 12.6 (0.11) 11.4 (0.18) 20.1 (0.23) 37.6 (0.40) 53.6 (0.65)
1990 33,585 (534.4) 25,232 (342.9) 7,098 (144.4) 12,715 (210.0) 12,578 (208.5) 7,363 (147.7) 13.5 (0.21) 12.0 (0.11) 10.7 (0.18) 19.9 (0.24) 37.2 (0.40) 53.4 (0.64)
1995 36,425 (553.5) 27,501 (366.1) 7,532 (149.8) 13,998 (224.2) 14,205 (226.5) 8,362 (159.9) 13.8 (0.21) 12.3 (0.10) 10.8 (0.18) 20.2 (0.23) 36.5 (0.37) 50.3 (0.58)
2000 31,581 (538.4) 22,347 (324.8) 6,400 (140.7) 11,005 (198.1) 10,926 (197.1) 6,300 (139.4) 11.3 (0.19) 9.6 (0.10) 8.7 (0.16) 15.6 (0.21) 28.5 (0.36) 40.1 (0.61)
                                                 
2005 36,950 (466.0) 26,068 (410.7) 7,657 (124.4) 12,335 (215.9) 13,153 (303.2) 7,210 (178.4) 12.6 (0.16) 10.8 (0.17) 9.9 (0.15) 17.1 (0.30) 31.1 (0.62) 42.8 (0.86)
2006 36,460 (421.7) 25,915 (378.2) 7,668 (113.2) 12,299 (205.6) 13,199 (290.2) 7,341 (170.5) 12.3 (0.14) 10.6 (0.15) 9.8 (0.14) 16.9 (0.28) 30.5 (0.53) 42.1 (0.70)
2007 37,276 (511.9) 26,509 (441.4) 7,623 (136.3) 12,802 (241.1) 13,478 (317.4) 7,546 (193.5) 12.5 (0.17) 10.8 (0.18) 9.8 (0.17) 17.6 (0.33) 30.7 (0.61) 43.0 (0.87)
2008 39,829 (479.0) 28,564 (422.6) 8,147 (127.9) 13,507 (224.3) 13,812 (291.9) 7,587 (180.9) 13.2 (0.16) 11.5 (0.17) 10.3 (0.16) 18.5 (0.31) 31.4 (0.58) 43.5 (0.81)
                                                 
2009 43,569 (487.0) 31,197 (439.7) 8,792 (131.7) 14,774 (233.1) 14,746 (307.2) 7,942 (178.2) 14.3 (0.16) 12.5 (0.18) 11.1 (0.16) 20.1 (0.32) 32.5 (0.61) 44.4 (0.80)
2010 46,180 (511.9) 33,007 (442.0) 9,221 (130.6) 15,730 (223.9) 15,895 (290.2) 8,648 (174.9) 15.1 (0.17) 13.2 (0.18) 11.7 (0.16) 21.5 (0.31) 34.2 (0.55) 46.9 (0.71)
2011 46,247 (462.7) 33,126 (442.9) 9,497 (132.7) 15,539 (229.0) 16,451 (326.0) 9,026 (196.8) 15.0 (0.15) 13.1 (0.18) 11.8 (0.16) 21.4 (0.32) 34.2 (0.59) 47.6 (0.80)
2012 46,496 (546.4) 33,198 (500.1) 9,520 (140.0) 15,435 (262.1) 15,957 (384.6) 8,664 (224.6) 15.0 (0.18) 13.1 (0.20) 11.8 (0.17) 21.3 (0.36) 33.9 (0.65) 47.2 (0.87)
2013 45,318 (616.6) 31,530 (513.4) 9,130 (150.1) 14,142 (270.3) 15,606 (375.3) 8,305 (217.6) 14.5 (0.20) 12.4 (0.21) 11.2 (0.18) 19.5 (0.37) 33.2 (0.71) 45.8 (0.89)
                                                 
2014 46,657 (521.0) 32,615 (450.3) 9,467 (138.4) 14,987 (245.2) 15,905 (339.7) 8,491 (201.3) 14.8 (0.17) 12.7 (0.18) 11.6 (0.17) 20.7 (0.34) 33.1 (0.57) 46.5 (0.77)
2015 43,123 (563.2) 29,893 (513.3) 8,589 (147.6) 13,962 (268.3) 14,719 (335.7) 7,854 (197.4) 13.5 (0.18) 11.6 (0.20) 10.4 (0.17) 19.2 (0.37) 30.4 (0.61) 42.6 (0.82)
                                                 
Total,
      Supplemental Poverty Measure4
                                               
2009 45,927 (529.5) 34,003 (482.2) 10,133 (139.0) 12,331 (233.6) 12,912 (323.0) 5,843 (168.8) 15.1 (0.17) 13.6 (0.20) 12.8 (0.17) 16.8 (0.32) 28.5 (0.65) 32.6 (0.82)
2010 48,631 (560.3) 35,603 (491.9) 10,535 (144.1) 12,951 (225.2) 14,133 (307.9) 6,507 (159.7) 15.9 (0.18) 14.2 (0.20) 13.4 (0.18) 17.7 (0.31) 30.4 (0.56) 35.3 (0.73)
2011 49,603 (541.1) 36,709 (506.3) 11,075 (152.7) 12,965 (220.0) 14,926 (302.0) 6,833 (164.2) 16.1 (0.18) 14.5 (0.20) 13.8 (0.18) 17.9 (0.30) 31.0 (0.57) 36.1 (0.77)
2012 49,690 (555.1) 36,709 (505.3) 11,118 (148.3) 12,945 (216.8) 14,105 (348.3) 6,477 (184.1) 16.0 (0.18) 14.5 (0.20) 13.7 (0.18) 17.8 (0.30) 30.0 (0.62) 35.3 (0.79)
2013 48,603 (629.7) 35,550 (549.9) 10,778 (155.0) 11,827 (233.1) 13,694 (378.8) 6,080 (188.6) 15.5 (0.20) 13.9 (0.22) 13.3 (0.19) 16.3 (0.32) 29.1 (0.73) 33.5 (0.88)
                                                 
2014 48,253 (525.3) 35,217 (471.3) 10,787 (144.3) 11,907 (223.3) 13,784 (295.3) 6,075 (152.3) 15.3 (0.17) 13.7 (0.18) 13.2 (0.17) 16.4 (0.31) 28.7 (0.53) 33.2 (0.69)
2015 45,664 (549.8) 33,243 (518.4) 10,121 (148.4) 11,526 (223.7) 12,749 (304.9) 5,673 (158.9) 14.3 (0.17) 12.9 (0.20) 12.3 (0.17) 15.9 (0.30) 26.3 (0.55) 30.8 (0.74)
                                                 
White,
      official poverty measure3
                                               
19705  17,484 (363.3) 13,323 (198.0) 3,708 (90.0) 6,138 (120.7) 3,761 (90.7) 2,247 (68.2) 9.9 (0.20) 8.1 (0.09) 8.0 (0.17) 10.5 (0.17) 28.4 (0.54) 43.1 (0.94)
19755  17,770 (366.1) 13,799 (202.8) 3,838 (91.7) 6,748 (127.9) 4,577 (101.5) 2,813 (77.1) 9.7 (0.20) 8.3 (0.09) 7.7 (0.16) 12.5 (0.20) 29.4 (0.50) 44.2 (0.86)
19805 19,699 (384.1) 14,587 (210.7) 4,195 (96.5) 6,817 (128.7) 4,940 (106.1) 2,813 (77.1) 10.2 (0.20) 8.6 (0.09) 8.0 (0.16) 13.4 (0.21) 28.0 (0.46) 41.6 (0.82)
19855 22,860 (435.1) 17,125 (249.2) 4,983 (112.8) 7,838 (148.3) 5,990 (125.8) 3,372 (90.2) 11.4 (0.21) 9.9 (0.10) 9.1 (0.18) 15.6 (0.24) 29.8 (0.47) 45.2 (0.84)
1990 16,622 (388.2) 11,086 (191.7) 3,442 (94.4) 5,106 (118.4) 4,284 (106.9) 2,411 (77.5) 8.8 (0.20) 7.0 (0.10) 6.6 (0.16) 11.6 (0.23) 25.0 (0.50) 39.6 (0.94)
1995 16,267 (384.2) 10,599 (186.1) 3,384 (93.5) 4,745 (113.5) 4,183 (105.5) 2,299 (75.5) 8.5 (0.20) 6.6 (0.09) 6.4 (0.16) 10.6 (0.22) 22.8 (0.47) 33.5 (0.86)
2000 14,366 (375.9) 8,664 (169.7) 2,896 (89.0) 3,715 (102.4) 3,412 (097.6) 1,832 (69.4) 7.4 (0.19) 5.5 (0.09) 5.4 (0.15) 8.5 (0.21) 18.8 (0.45) 28.0 (0.87)
                                                 
2005 16,227 (303.1) 9,604 (247.5) 3,285 (80.6) 3,973 (127.3) 4,278 (163.7) 2,158 (93.8) 8.3 (0.16) 6.0 (0.15) 6.1 (0.14) 9.5 (0.30) 22.6 (0.77) 33.1 (1.17)
2006 16,013 (280.1) 9,676 (239.5) 3,372 (79.5) 3,930 (123.5) 4,353 (151.2) 2,206 (85.3) 8.2 (0.14) 6.1 (0.15) 6.2 (0.14) 9.5 (0.30) 22.5 (0.66) 32.9 (1.00)
2007 16,032 (329.9) 9,553 (257.4) 3,184 (86.4) 3,996 (132.7) 4,099 (172.5) 2,101 (100.7) 8.2 (0.17) 6.0 (0.16) 5.9 (0.16) 9.7 (0.32) 21.4 (0.79) 32.4 (1.27)
2008 17,024 (313.4) 10,138 (255.5) 3,383 (83.7) 4,059 (130.7) 4,046 (154.6) 1,985 (88.5) 8.6 (0.16) 6.4 (0.16) 6.2 (0.15) 10.0 (0.32) 21.5 (0.73) 31.7 (1.17)
                                                 
2009 18,530 (358.3) 11,211 (298.4) 3,797 (101.6) 4,518 (137.6) 4,532 (158.8) 2,144 (89.4) 9.4 (0.18) 7.1 (0.19) 7.0 (0.18) 11.2 (0.34) 23.8 (0.71) 33.5 (1.11)
2010 19,599 (342.7) 11,740 (281.8) 3,922 (96.1) 4,675 (134.0) 4,802 (165.2) 2,269 (83.1) 9.9 (0.17) 7.4 (0.18) 7.3 (0.17) 11.7 (0.33) 24.8 (0.78) 34.8 (1.03)
2011 19,171 (333.4) 11,562 (287.9) 3,955 (92.2) 4,554 (149.5) 4,746 (160.0) 2,321 (89.9) 9.8 (0.17) 7.4 (0.19) 7.3 (0.17) 11.9 (0.39) 23.8 (0.66) 35.5 (1.03)
2012 18,940 (361.6) 11,387 (298.3) 3,835 (93.5) 4,510 (140.5) 4,655 (164.0) 2,245 (91.8) 9.7 (0.19) 7.3 (0.20) 7.1 (0.18) 11.8 (0.37) 24.3 (0.75) 36.5 (1.17)
2013 18,796 (438.9) 10,710 (339.9) 3,717 (114.6) 3,833 (150.1) 4,325 (217.6) 2,001 (111.3) 9.6 (0.23) 6.9 (0.22) 6.9 (0.21) 10.1 (0.40) 22.9 (0.98) 33.6 (1.45)
                                                 
2014 19,652 (318.3) 11,566 (267.8) 3,927 (92.6) 4,440 (128.4) 4,630 (160.0) 2,174 (94.1) 10.1 (0.16) 7.5 (0.17) 7.3 (0.17) 11.9 (0.34) 24.4 (0.75) 35.8 (1.18)
2015 17,786 (333.0) 10,373 (277.5) 3,460 (89.4) 4,301 (147.3) 4,404 (169.5) 2,198 (96.8) 9.1 (0.17) 6.7 (0.18) 6.4 (0.16) 11.5 (0.39) 22.8 (0.82) 34.8 (1.26)
                                                 
White,
      Supplemental Poverty Measure4
                                               
2009 20,422 (351.3) 13,393 (299.8) 4,796 (104.0) 3,810 (122.2) 4,046 (164.4) 1,572 (77.5) 10.4 (0.18) 8.4 (0.19) 8.8 (0.19) 9.4 (0.30) 21.3 (0.76) 24.6 (1.05)
2010 21,746 (371.8) 13,972 (303.9) 4,917 (109.0) 3,894 (122.4) 4,242 (162.1) 1,660 (72.1) 11.0 (0.19) 8.9 (0.20) 9.1 (0.20) 9.8 (0.31) 21.9 (0.73) 25.5 (0.99)
2011 21,436 (344.0) 13,972 (305.6) 4,993 (105.1) 3,788 (122.9) 4,299 (156.4) 1,675 (75.3) 11.0 (0.18) 9.0 (0.19) 9.2 (0.19) 9.9 (0.32) 21.6 (0.66) 25.6 (0.96)
2012 20,923 (357.6) 13,561 (289.1) 4,870 (102.4) 3,582 (113.1) 3,972 (147.3) 1,510 (69.0) 10.7 (0.18) 8.7 (0.19) 9.0 (0.19) 9.4 (0.30) 20.7 (0.70) 24.6 (0.98)
2013 20,894 (396.1) 13,203 (336.3) 4,765 (116.7) 3,226 (128.2) 3,988 (201.2) 1,409 (83.9) 10.7 (0.20) 8.5 (0.22) 8.9 (0.21) 8.5 (0.34) 21.1 (0.95) 23.7 (1.26)
                                                 
2014 20,837 (345.2) 13,278 (301.3) 4,717 (108.1) 3,513 (115.1) 3,980 (159.5) 1,478 (72.8) 10.7 (0.18) 8.6 (0.20) 8.8 (0.20) 9.4 (0.31) 20.9 (0.72) 24.3 (1.02)
2015 19,700 (335.1) 12,794 (303.1) 4,498 (102.9) 3,743 (130.2) 3,836 (156.5) 1,581 (77.9) 10.1 (0.17) 8.3 (0.19) 8.4 (0.18) 10.0 (0.35) 19.8 (0.73) 25.0 (1.08)
                                                 
Black,
      official poverty measure3
                                               
19705  7,548 (219.8) 6,683 (134.2) 1,481 (55.3) 3,922 (96.3) 3,656 (92.3) 2,383 (72.0) 33.5 (0.89) 32.2 (0.45) 29.5 (0.88) 41.5 (0.70) 58.7 (0.86) 67.7 (1.08)
19755  7,545 (219.8) 6,533 (132.3) 1,513 (56.0) 3,884 (95.7) 4,168 (99.9) 2,724 (77.7) 31.3 (0.85) 30.1 (0.43) 27.1 (0.82) 41.4 (0.70) 54.3 (0.78) 66.0 (1.01)
19805 8,579 (230.2) 7,190 (140.8) 1,826 (62.1) 3,906 (96.0) 4,984 (111.4) 2,944 (81.3) 32.5 (0.82) 31.1 (0.42) 28.9 (0.78) 42.1 (0.70) 53.4 (0.71) 64.8 (0.97)
19855 8,926 (246.7) 7,504 (153.2) 1,983 (68.7) 4,057 (103.9) 5,342 (123.1) 3,181 (89.9) 31.3 (0.82) 30.5 (0.43) 28.7 (0.79) 43.1 (0.74) 53.2 (0.72) 66.9 (0.99)
1990 9,653 (262.0) 7,993 (165.4) 2,153 (74.4) 4,309 (111.5) 5,877 (135.3) 3,460 (97.8) 31.8 (0.83) 30.9 (0.43) 29.3 (0.80) 44.0 (0.75) 50.4 (0.70) 64.6 (0.98)
1995 9,562 (261.2) 7,924 (164.4) 2,063 (72.7) 4,481 (114.2) 6,391 (142.8) 3,848 (104.2) 29.0 (0.78) 28.2 (0.40) 26.2 (0.75) 41.1 (0.71) 48.1 (0.65) 61.3 (0.92)
2000 7,680 (249.9) 5,957 (134.8) 1,617 (64.9) 3,342 (96.4) 4,593 (115.6) 2,793 (87.3) 22.4 (0.73) 21.0 (0.38) 19.1 (0.67) 30.7 (0.69) 38.2 (0.69) 49.0 (1.03)
                                                 
2005 8,850 (236.5) 6,917 (227.2) 1,922 (63.9) 3,615 (124.6) 5,127 (200.0) 2,897 (118.9) 24.9 (0.66) 23.8 (0.78) 22.0 (0.70) 34.2 (1.15) 39.3 (1.33) 50.2 (1.63)
2006 8,653 (196.5) 6,749 (184.3) 1,914 (56.2) 3,531 (107.1) 4,945 (162.5) 2,859 (103.1) 24.1 (0.55) 22.9 (0.63) 21.4 (0.62) 33.0 (0.99) 38.9 (1.00) 49.9 (1.30)
2007 8,821 (220.6) 6,966 (207.3) 1,941 (63.5) 3,646 (119.6) 5,181 (181.3) 2,950 (115.4) 24.3 (0.61) 23.5 (0.69) 21.7 (0.64) 34.1 (1.09) 39.3 (1.20) 49.9 (1.53)
2008 8,979 (225.6) 7,003 (221.1) 1,971 (70.4) 3,586 (124.7) 5,278 (198.0) 2,961 (119.8) 24.6 (0.62) 23.6 (0.74) 21.8 (0.72) 34.4 (1.17) 40.3 (1.22) 51.8 (1.50)
                                                 
2009 9,419 (239.9) 7,223 (207.8) 2,036 (67.4) 3,682 (114.2) 5,179 (192.2) 2,853 (115.1) 25.5 (0.64) 24.2 (0.70) 22.5 (0.67) 35.3 (1.08) 39.6 (1.18) 50.8 (1.51)
2010 10,122 (240.9) 7,681 (217.0) 2,173 (69.1) 4,021 (119.7) 5,546 (171.4) 3,103 (106.3) 27.3 (0.64) 25.8 (0.74) 24.0 (0.69) 39.3 (1.17) 40.7 (1.15) 53.2 (1.51)
2011 10,108 (245.2) 7,665 (235.9) 2,175 (75.3) 3,872 (124.5) 5,540 (200.1) 3,053 (116.6) 27.3 (0.66) 25.9 (0.78) 23.8 (0.77) 38.7 (1.21) 41.9 (1.24) 54.2 (1.55)
2012 10,148 (245.0) 7,636 (245.4) 2,169 (78.0) 3,797 (132.4) 5,344 (211.9) 2,936 (123.5) 27.0 (0.66) 25.5 (0.80) 23.4 (0.78) 38.0 (1.30) 41.1 (1.28) 53.5 (1.61)
2013 10,264 (292.7) 7,761 (257.9) 2,116 (72.0) 3,863 (143.2) 5,439 (218.4) 2,972 (133.7) 27.2 (0.78) 25.8 (0.87) 22.7 (0.75) 38.9 (1.43) 42.5 (1.41) 54.6 (1.73)
                                                 
2014 10,058 (209.7) 7,458 (196.9) 2,129 (65.8) 3,734 (119.5) 5,306 (179.8) 2,917 (112.2) 26.1 (0.55) 24.5 (0.65) 22.8 (0.61) 37.2 (1.15) 40.3 (1.15) 53.0 (1.48)
2015 9,493 (246.8) 6,910 (233.0) 1,996 (64.0) 3,353 (121.8) 4,923 (191.4) 2,616 (110.9) 24.2 (0.63) 22.4 (0.76) 21.4 (0.64) 33.3 (1.19) 36.1 (1.13) 46.9 (1.53)
                                                 
Black,
      Supplemental Poverty Measure4
                                               
2009 8,452 (214.3) 6,487 (191.4) 1,903 (55.9) 2,640 (96.4) 4,257 (168.4) 1,964 (89.4) 22.9 (0.58) 21.7 (0.64) 21.1 (0.56) 25.3 (0.94) 32.6 (1.07) 35.0 (1.35)
2010 9,327 (230.4) 7,080 (211.8) 2,081 (65.9) 2,936 (105.2) 4,739 (167.8) 2,218 (93.8) 25.1 (0.61) 23.8 (0.72) 23.0 (0.67) 28.7 (1.03) 34.8 (1.13) 38.0 (1.41)
2011 9,380 (242.4) 7,096 (227.8) 2,066 (69.8) 2,895 (114.6) 4,728 (185.2) 2,232 (102.1) 25.3 (0.65) 24.0 (0.76) 22.6 (0.71) 28.9 (1.13) 35.7 (1.16) 39.6 (1.54)
2012 9,623 (235.6) 7,348 (233.0) 2,213 (72.2) 2,877 (114.0) 4,633 (190.7) 2,147 (103.3) 25.6 (0.63) 24.6 (0.77) 23.8 (0.74) 28.8 (1.14) 35.6 (1.24) 39.1 (1.54)
2013 9,294 (275.9) 7,066 (252.1) 2,017 (67.3) 2,777 (121.2) 4,395 (200.6) 2,056 (111.1) 24.6 (0.74) 23.5 (0.85) 21.7 (0.74) 28.0 (1.22) 34.3 (1.39) 37.8 (1.80)
                                                 
2014 8,904 (207.2) 6,664 (180.0) 1,979 (56.9) 2,621 (101.2) 4,232 (150.3) 1,964 (86.4) 23.1 (0.53) 21.9 (0.59) 21.2 (0.54) 26.1 (0.99) 32.1 (1.02) 35.7 (1.40)
2015 8,944 (242.2) 6,539 (229.3) 1,945 (64.8) 2,415 (102.4) 4,049 (186.8) 1,768 (94.7) 22.8 (0.62) 21.2 (0.73) 20.8 (0.64) 24.0 (1.00) 29.7 (1.17) 31.7 (1.48)
                                                 
Hispanic,
      official poverty measure3
                                               
1975 2,991 (176.8) 2,755 (90.2) 627 (41.3) 1,619 (67.7) 1,053 (54.0) 694 (43.5) 26.9 (1.41) 26.3 (0.70) 25.1 (1.41) 33.1 (1.09) 57.2 (1.88) 68.4 (2.37)
1980 3,491 (189.8) 3,143 (97.0) 751 (45.3) 1,718 (69.8) 1,319 (60.7) 809 (47.1) 25.7 (1.26) 25.1 (0.63) 23.2 (1.21) 33.0 (1.06) 54.5 (1.65) 65.0 (2.20)
1985 5,236 (202.8) 4,605 (107.7) 1,074 (48.7) 2,512 (76.6) 1,983 (67.4) 1,247 (52.7) 29.0 (1.01) 28.3 (0.51) 25.5 (0.98) 39.6 (0.89) 55.7 (1.21) 72.4 (1.57)
1990 6,006 (222.4) 5,091 (118.2) 1,244 (54.4) 2,750 (83.3) 2,115 (72.2) 1,314 (56.0) 28.1 (0.95) 26.9 (0.49) 25.0 (0.92) 37.7 (0.85) 53.0 (1.19) 68.4 (1.60)
1995 8,574 (256.1) 7,341 (147.4) 1,695 (64.1) 3,936 (101.9) 3,053 (88.3) 1,870 (67.6) 30.3 (0.85) 29.2 (0.43) 27.0 (0.84) 39.3 (0.73) 52.8 (0.99) 65.7 (1.34)
2000 7,747 (247.8) 6,430 (141.1) 1,540 (63.3) 3,342 (96.4) 2,444 (81.1) 1,407 (60.3) 21.5 (0.70) 20.3 (0.35) 19.2 (0.69) 27.6 (0.63) 37.8 (0.94) 49.8 (1.47)
                                                 
2005 9,368 (202.4) 7,767 (192.2) 1,948 (51.0) 3,977 (113.4) 3,069 (120.9) 1,774 (76.7) 21.8 (0.47) 20.6 (0.51) 19.7 (0.48) 27.7 (0.78) 39.0 (1.22) 50.2 (1.59)
2006 9,243 (216.1) 7,650 (214.8) 1,922 (61.3) 3,959 (115.1) 3,189 (152.6) 1,848 (88.9) 20.6 (0.48) 19.5 (0.54) 18.9 (0.56) 26.6 (0.76) 36.9 (1.41) 47.2 (1.66)
2007 9,890 (244.8) 8,248 (229.3) 2,045 (60.4) 4,348 (134.9) 3,527 (158.7) 2,092 (98.1) 21.5 (0.53) 20.6 (0.58) 19.7 (0.56) 28.3 (0.87) 39.6 (1.32) 51.6 (1.59)
2008 10,987 (249.6) 9,303 (237.9) 2,239 (60.3) 4,888 (129.2) 3,751 (144.1) 2,218 (86.9) 23.2 (0.53) 22.3 (0.57) 21.3 (0.54) 30.3 (0.79) 40.5 (1.24) 51.9 (1.48)
                                                 
2009 12,350 (267.3) 10,345 (254.8) 2,369 (62.7) 5,419 (138.6) 4,176 (169.1) 2,437 (100.1) 25.3 (0.55) 24.2 (0.59) 22.7 (0.56) 32.5 (0.83) 40.6 (1.33) 52.2 (1.61)
2010 13,243 (254.4) 11,188 (242.8) 2,557 (64.4) 5,881 (139.4) 4,643 (167.5) 2,715 (107.1) 26.6 (0.51) 25.6 (0.55) 24.0 (0.54) 34.5 (0.81) 44.5 (1.24) 57.0 (1.49)
2011 13,244 (263.5) 11,143 (253.2) 2,651 (59.5) 5,820 (146.1) 4,996 (182.1) 2,955 (120.5) 25.3 (0.50) 24.3 (0.56) 22.9 (0.50) 33.7 (0.84) 44.0 (1.22) 56.8 (1.57)
2012 13,616 (278.2) 11,358 (276.3) 2,807 (71.8) 5,773 (145.5) 4,816 (187.7) 2,809 (114.9) 25.6 (0.52) 24.6 (0.59) 23.5 (0.54) 33.3 (0.84) 42.8 (1.19) 54.7 (1.49)
2013 12,744 (312.0) 10,536 (293.3) 2,613 (78.6) 5,273 (155.7) 4,860 (197.6) 2,763 (114.5) 23.5 (0.58) 22.3 (0.63) 21.6 (0.63) 30.0 (0.89) 41.6 (1.47) 52.3 (1.65)
                                                 
2014 13,104 (259.8) 10,853 (246.1) 2,684 (60.6) 5,522 (136.1) 4,817 (191.3) 2,739 (113.3) 23.6 (0.47) 22.5 (0.52) 21.5 (0.46) 31.3 (0.76) 40.4 (1.26) 53.3 (1.49)
2015 12,133 (270.2) 10,109 (258.9) 2,502 (71.2) 5,139 (143.6) 4,401 (179.8) 2,463 (108.9) 21.4 (0.48) 20.4 (0.52) 19.6 (0.52) 28.6 (0.79) 37.1 (1.23) 48.7 (1.62)
                                                 
Hispanic,
      Supplemental Poverty Measure4
                                               
2009 13,329 (281.7) 11,239 (271.8) 2,674 (64.6) 4,879 (132.5) 3,842 (168.4) 1,953 (89.5) 27.3 (0.58) 26.3 (0.63) 25.7 (0.59) 29.3 (0.80) 37.4 (1.36) 41.9 (1.58)
2010 13,845 (279.4) 11,669 (262.5) 2,791 (63.3) 5,109 (136.5) 4,331 (160.6) 2,227 (94.3) 27.8 (0.56) 26.7 (0.59) 26.2 (0.53) 30.0 (0.80) 41.5 (1.19) 46.8 (1.51)
2011 14,571 (303.9) 12,397 (284.6) 3,081 (71.5) 5,210 (132.0) 4,907 (180.7) 2,473 (99.6) 27.9 (0.58) 27.1 (0.63) 26.6 (0.62) 30.2 (0.77) 43.2 (1.25) 47.5 (1.45)
2012 14,799 (273.5) 12,443 (264.0) 3,170 (69.8) 5,212 (127.6) 4,492 (172.7) 2,315 (99.3) 27.9 (0.52) 26.9 (0.56) 26.5 (0.52) 30.1 (0.74) 39.9 (1.16) 45.1 (1.49)
2013 14,062 (338.9) 11,883 (318.0) 3,032 (80.7) 4,747 (143.6) 4,371 (193.5) 2,175 (103.4) 26.0 (0.62) 25.1 (0.67) 25.0 (0.65) 27.0 (0.82) 37.4 (1.46) 41.2 (1.70)
                                                 
2014 14,106 (269.5) 11,878 (258.3) 3,123 (65.7) 4,684 (130.6) 4,551 (177.6) 2,190 (92.8) 25.4 (0.49) 24.6 (0.53) 25.1 (0.51) 26.6 (0.73) 38.2 (1.20) 42.7 (1.41)
2015 12,711 (290.3) 10,780 (278.9) 2,787 (75.0) 4,363 (131.6) 3,995 (174.1) 1,918 (96.6) 22.4 (0.51) 21.8 (0.57) 21.8 (0.56) 24.3 (0.73) 33.6 (1.21) 37.9 (1.59)
                                                 
Asian,
      official poverty measure3
                                               
19956  1,379 (111.1) 1,087 (50.7) 258 (24.3) 520 (34.7) 253 (24.1) 139 (17.8) 14.6 (1.12) 12.9 (0.55) 12.3 (1.08) 18.5 (1.10) 28.7 (2.29) 41.8 (4.07)
20006  1,210 (108.8) 863 (46.8) 227 (23.7) 390 (31.2) 272 (26.0) 151 (19.3) 9.8 (0.86) 8.0 (0.41) 7.8 (0.77) 12.3 (0.91) 22.8 (1.90) 37.0 (3.74)
                                                 
2005 1,391 (85.4) 960 (80.0) 286 (23.6) 309 (34.1) 182 (30.1) 65 (15.1) 11.2 (0.68) 8.9 (0.73) 9.0 (0.73) 11.1 (1.19) 17.9 (2.77) 26.2 (5.06)
2006 1,301 (95.4) 881 (86.5) 252 (24.1) 335 (42.0) 186 (34.5) 89 (20.7) 10.0 (0.73) 7.8 (0.76) 7.6 (0.72) 11.7 (1.45) 18.0 (2.99) 36.8 (6.58)
2007 1,329 (80.5) 916 (79.6) 255 (23.2) 340 (39.2) 205 (36.6) 95 (21.5) 10.2 (0.62) 8.1 (0.70) 7.8 (0.70) 11.8 (1.33) 16.8 (2.77) 32.2 (5.77)
2008 1,528 (89.1) 1,154 (88.6) 334 (24.8) 410 (41.7) 205 (34.2) 85 (18.7) 11.8 (0.68) 10.1 (0.76) 9.8 (0.71) 14.1 (1.41) 16.1 (2.38) 25.5 (4.53)
                                                 
2009 1,684 (96.8) 1,201 (87.4) 327 (23.6) 434 (39.7) 227 (36.1) 88 (16.0) 12.3 (0.70) 10.0 (0.72) 9.3 (0.65) 13.7 (1.24) 17.4 (2.64) 25.8 (4.25)
2010 1,672 (95.0) 1,211 (90.2) 323 (23.4) 434 (42.0) 281 (45.4) 118 (19.6) 11.9 (0.68) 9.9 (0.74) 9.3 (0.66) 13.7 (1.31) 21.7 (3.09) 35.1 (4.61)
2011 1,871 (114.8) 1,317 (99.8) 385 (29.4) 422 (44.2) 295 (58.4) 124 (34.0) 12.2 (0.74) 9.8 (0.74) 9.6 (0.72) 12.7 (1.32) 20.6 (3.53) 34.4 (6.88)
2012 1,813 (113.6) 1,268 (109.7) 361 (29.4) 422 (46.4) 257 (45.0) 95 (21.9) 11.4 (0.70) 9.2 (0.78) 9.0 (0.69) 12.5 (1.37) 18.3 (2.81) 28.8 (5.46)
2013 1,733 (103.7) 1,134 (89.7) 374 (30.2) 346 (34.3) 227 (43.3) 89 (18.9) 10.4 (0.61) 7.8 (0.61) 8.7 (0.69) 9.9 (0.97) 14.2 (2.54) 24.2 (4.87)
                                                 
2014 2,019 (121.2) 1,315 (103.3) 393 (31.3) 437 (42.6) 281 (41.5) 110 (19.2) 11.7 (0.69) 8.8 (0.68) 8.9 (0.68) 12.3 (1.20) 17.0 (2.32) 29.0 (4.18)
2015 2,032 (113.4) 1,240 (101.7) 369 (28.9) 412 (44.9) 222 (39.6) 74 (17.0) 11.5 (0.64) 8.2 (0.67) 8.0 (0.62) 11.6 (1.26) 16.2 (2.59) 27.6 (5.28)
                                                 
Asian,
      Supplemental Poverty Measure4
                                               
2009 2,403 (109.7) 1,894 (102.8) 529 (28.1) 547 (42.3) 308 (43.0) 107 (17.7) 17.6 (0.78) 15.8 (0.84) 15.0 (0.76) 17.3 (1.30) 23.5 (3.00) 31.5 (4.46)
2010 2,262 (113.2) 1,747 (113.4) 504 (29.8) 440 (42.4) 346 (50.0) 105 (17.1) 16.1 (0.80) 14.3 (0.91) 14.5 (0.84) 13.9 (1.31) 26.7 (3.25) 31.1 (4.30)
2011 2,618 (125.6) 2,006 (114.5) 620 (34.5) 475 (40.5) 357 (52.5) 94 (21.3) 17.0 (0.80) 14.9 (0.84) 15.5 (0.84) 14.2 (1.20) 25.0 (3.27) 26.1 (5.25)
2012 2,628 (127.7) 2,018 (123.4) 556 (33.6) 556 (48.0) 368 (49.0) 122 (23.4) 16.5 (0.79) 14.7 (0.88) 13.9 (0.78) 16.5 (1.43) 26.2 (2.80) 37.1 (5.47)
2013 2,760 (160.0) 2,138 (149.5) 658 (42.9) 494 (51.7) 360 (58.4) 94 (21.2) 16.6 (0.93) 14.7 (1.00) 15.4 (0.93) 14.2 (1.45) 22.5 (3.39) 25.7 (5.46)
                                                 
2014 2,908 (148.7) 2,200 (132.2) 664 (36.7) 521 (47.0) 412 (46.8) 108 (17.6) 16.8 (0.83) 14.7 (0.87) 15.0 (0.79) 14.7 (1.31) 24.9 (2.55) 28.3 (4.06)
2015 2,847 (138.8) 2,036 (126.1) 631 (36.9) 484 (46.6) 296 (42.3) 81 (15.7) 16.1 (0.77) 13.4 (0.82) 13.8 (0.79) 13.7 (1.30) 21.6 (2.75) 30.2 (4.99)
1 Refers to the person who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit.
2 Refers to all children in the household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption (except a child who is the spouse of the householder). For 1960 and 1965 only, the data exclude related children who have ever been married.
3 The official poverty measure consists of a set of thresholds for families of different sizes and compositions that are compared to before-tax cash income to determine a family’s poverty status. For more information about how the Census Bureau determines who is in poverty, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html.
4 For 2009 and later years, data based on the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) are available. The SPM extends the information provided by the official poverty measure by adding to family income the value of benefits from many government programs designed to assist low-income families, subtracting taxes and necessary expenses such as child care costs (for working families) and medical expenses, and adjusting poverty thresholds for differences in housing costs. To match the population included in the current official poverty measure, SPM estimates presented in this table exclude unrelated children under age 15. For more information about the SPM, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/supplemental-poverty-measure.html.
5 Includes persons of Hispanic ethnicity, because data for the White, non-Hispanic and Black, non-Hispanic populations are not available for the indicated years.
6 Includes Pacific Islanders as well as Asians.
NOTE: All data in this table are from the Current Population Survey (CPS); official poverty measure estimates may differ from those shown in other tables obtained from the Decennial Census and the American Community Survey (ACS). In all tables, poverty estimates are for the official measure unless otherwise noted. Supplemental Poverty Measure estimates can be generated only from the CPS, while estimates based on the official poverty measure can be generated from the CPS, Decennial Census, or ACS. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity except where otherwise noted.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, Poverty in the United States, selected years, 1960 through 2002; Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement, 1991 through 2016; and Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) Research Files, 2009 through 2015. (This table was prepared April 2017.)

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