Table 316.80.

Percentage of degree-granting postsecondary institutions with a tenure system and of full-time faculty with tenure at these institutions, by control and level of institution and selected characteristics of faculty: Selected years, 1993-94 through 2013-14

Selected characteristic and academic year	All institutions	Public institutions						Nonprofit institutions						For-profit institutions
		Total	4-year institutions				2-year	Total	4-year institutions				2-year
			Total	Doctoral1	Master's2	Other			Total	Doctoral1	Master's2	Other
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
Percent of institutions       with a tenure system
1993-94	62.6	73.6	92.6	100.0	98.3	76.4	62.1	62.0	66.3	90.5	76.5	58.3	26.1	7.8
1999-2000	55.0	72.8	94.6	100.0	95.5	86.3	60.3	59.0	63.4	81.2	72.6	54.9	14.0	4.0
2003-04	52.7	71.3	90.9	100.0	98.0	70.9	59.4	57.9	61.2	86.6	71.6	49.5	14.4	3.6
2005-06	50.9	71.5	90.9	99.5	98.0	71.6	59.4	56.5	59.8	85.1	67.1	49.2	11.5	2.0
2007-08	49.5	70.7	91.0	100.0	98.6	71.6	57.4	57.5	60.2	87.8	66.0	49.0	13.0	1.4
2009-10	47.8	71.2	90.9	99.6	98.5	71.3	57.7	57.1	59.5	80.6	64.4	44.6	12.9	1.5
2011-12	45.3	71.6	90.8	99.6	98.5	70.5	57.8	55.6	58.6	79.5	64.0	42.7	8.0	1.3
2013-14	49.3	74.6	95.8	99.6	98.1	86.6	58.9	59.7	61.8	79.6	63.2	49.0	12.5	1.2
Percent of faculty with       tenure at institutions       with a tenure system
All full-time faculty       (instruction, research,       and public service)
1993-94	56.2	58.9	56.3	54.5	60.5	51.1	69.9	49.5	49.5	47.6	51.8	50.4	47.9	33.8
1999-2000	53.7	55.9	53.2	50.4	59.1	54.7	67.7	48.2	48.1	43.4	52.3	53.5	59.7	77.4
2003-04	50.4	53.0	50.2	48.9	52.9	51.2	65.2	44.6	44.6	40.1	48.7	51.9	47.7	69.2
2005-06	49.6	51.5	48.7	47.2	52.3	49.1	64.1	45.1	45.1	40.7	49.1	52.5	45.2	69.3
2007-08	48.8	50.5	47.8	46.1	51.9	49.1	63.6	44.7	44.7	40.1	49.8	52.7	41.3	51.3
2009-10	48.7	50.6	47.8	45.7	53.6	51.3	64.1	44.3	44.3	40.4	50.5	54.1	38.5	51.0
2011-12	48.5	50.7	48.0	45.8	54.3	53.4	64.7	43.7	43.7	39.7	50.7	54.3	31.4	31.0
2013-14	48.3	50.4	47.3	44.9	55.4	52.2	67.2	43.8	43.8	39.5	51.7	55.9	31.5	19.8
Full-time instructional       faculty in 2013-14
Total	50.7	52.8	50.0	48.1	55.6	53.5	67.2	46.3	46.4	42.9	51.7	55.9	30.5	19.8
Male	56.6	58.5	56.8	55.5	61.9	56.2	69.6	52.7	52.8	49.9	57.2	61.9	36.7	21.7
Female	43.2	45.7	40.8	37.4	48.5	50.6	65.1	37.7	37.7	32.7	45.4	48.7	26.4	18.3
Professor	90.7	91.9	91.7	90.2	97.8	91.8	93.5	88.4	88.4	86.1	92.1	95.4	79.2	61.3
Male	91.1	92.3	92.1	90.8	97.9	92.6	94.4	88.8	88.8	87.0	91.8	95.4	91.7	64.4
Female	89.9	91.1	90.8	88.3	97.6	90.6	92.7	87.4	87.4	83.6	92.6	95.3	66.7	55.9
Associate professor	77.1	80.6	80.7	77.5	90.2	85.8	79.3	70.4	70.4	63.8	78.6	86.2	42.2	22.9
Male	77.2	80.9	81.0	78.2	90.1	86.1	80.4	70.1	70.1	64.1	78.8	84.7	44.4	20.0
Female	76.8	80.1	80.3	76.6	90.3	85.4	78.4	70.7	70.8	63.4	78.5	87.9	41.7	25.0
Assistant professor	6.8	8.7	5.2	2.0	11.6	23.9	45.2	3.4	3.4	2.1	6.7	4.5	11.1	‡
Male	6.5	8.2	5.0	2.0	11.6	23.5	48.1	3.4	3.4	2.2	6.9	4.7	11.5	‡
Female	7.1	9.3	5.4	2.1	11.6	24.3	43.0	3.3	3.3	1.9	6.6	4.3	10.8	†
Instructor	28.4	34.4	2.1	0.9	1.8	11.6	61.7	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	1.6	9.1	66.7
Lecturer	1.6	2.0	1.3	0.7	2.9	4.6	20.9	0.3	0.3	0.1	1.0	1.4	†	†
No academic rank	32.3	41.1	20.4	1.0	7.5	64.0	69.1	9.6	9.5	1.2	19.7	42.3	37.1	11.7

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met (too few cases).

1 Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor's degrees during the previous academic year.

2 Institutions that awarded 20 or more master's degrees, but less than 20 doctor's degrees, during the previous academic year.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate's or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:93-99); and IPEDS Winter 2003-04 through Winter 2011-12 and Spring 2014, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section. (This table was prepared April 2016.)