Table 233.27.

Number of students receiving selected disciplinary actions in public elementary and secondary schools, by type of disciplinary action, disability status, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2011-12

Disability status, sex, and race/ethnicity	Corporal punish-ment1	One or more in-school suspension2	Out-of-school suspensions3			Expulsions4				Referral to law enforce-ment5	School-related arrest6
			Total	Only one	More than one	Total7		With educational services	Without educational services
						All expul-sions	Under zero-tolerance policies8
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
All students
Total	166,807	3,385,868	3,172,403	1,752,997	1,419,690	111,018	29,677	69,995	40,989	249,752	64,218
Sex
Male	130,591	2,271,265	2,215,608	1,193,437	1,022,224	83,283	22,310	52,937	30,343	178,132	45,802
Female	36,216	1,114,603	956,795	559,560	397,466	27,735	7,367	17,058	10,646	71,620	18,416
Race/ethnicity9
White	87,607	1,381,239	1,084,048	639,584	444,670	39,766	11,597	24,812	14,947	104,484	25,113
Black	57,215	1,045,021	1,200,401	596,261	604,181	39,443	6,924	22,544	16,895	67,907	19,149
Hispanic	14,085	756,254	688,774	400,155	288,672	23,696	8,746	17,551	6,130	60,187	15,426
Asian	439	34,539	34,526	24,510	9,999	1,096	372	816	282	3,343	728
Pacific Islander	87	5,541	8,258	5,219	3,045	266	229	179	87	513	201
American Indian/Alaska Native	3,922	43,686	44,549	26,035	18,492	2,443	523	1,340	1,104	5,588	1,357
Two or more races	2,087	80,418	80,738	43,667	37,087	2,845	846	1,623	1,224	5,565	1,586
Race/ethnicity by sex9
Male
White	71,152	977,726	807,781	465,059	342,736	30,700	8,778	19,261	11,452	76,763	18,413
Black	42,211	650,932	776,082	371,985	404,088	27,985	5,285	16,136	11,844	45,689	12,906
Hispanic	11,017	502,718	487,822	273,471	214,426	18,508	6,408	13,655	4,849	43,214	11,262
Asian	361	25,395	27,045	18,970	8,064	887	291	648	239	2,626	575
Pacific Islander	65	3,842	5,931	3,668	2,263	197	186	146	50	370	144
American Indian/Alaska Native	3,054	28,552	30,389	17,259	13,126	1,745	385	977	771	3,884	934
Two or more races	1,642	52,641	56,314	29,668	26,644	2,056	636	1,191	866	3,880	1,060
Female
White	16,455	403,513	276,267	174,525	101,934	9,066	2,819	5,551	3,495	27,721	6,700
Black	15,004	394,089	424,319	224,276	200,093	11,458	1,639	6,408	5,051	22,218	6,243
Hispanic	3,068	253,536	200,952	126,684	74,246	5,188	2,338	3,896	1,281	16,973	4,164
Asian	78	9,144	7,481	5,540	1,935	209	81	168	43	717	153
Pacific Islander	22	1,699	2,327	1,551	782	69	43	33	37	143	57
American Indian/Alaska Native	868	15,134	14,160	8,776	5,366	698	138	363	333	1,704	423
Two or more races	445	27,777	24,424	13,999	10,443	789	210	432	358	1,685	526
Students with disabilities
Total	25,668	666,499	720,928	361,018	360,049	23,032	6,260	17,444	5,577	58,805	16,576
Sex
Male	21,525	510,812	569,752	278,742	291,093	18,917	5,121	14,355	4,563	46,884	13,049
Female	4,143	155,687	151,176	82,276	68,956	4,115	1,139	3,089	1,014	11,921	3,527
Race/ethnicity9
White	13,390	281,208	275,051	144,286	130,825	8,448	2,501	6,499	1,953	25,399	6,317
Black	7,824	192,218	237,998	110,605	127,491	7,547	1,349	5,606	1,938	15,735	5,005
Hispanic	1,968	124,261	138,982	68,749	70,217	4,157	1,385	3,265	889	12,415	3,553
Asian	36	3,582	4,971	3,102	1,863	133	74	104	29	447	145
Pacific Islander	10	1,101	2,389	1,371	1,018	47	169	35	12	88	107
American Indian/Alaska Native	703	9,193	10,812	5,906	4,900	615	112	405	212	1,242	329
Two or more races	372	15,766	19,616	9,433	10,191	622	230	400	224	1,314	462
Race/ethnicity by sex9
Male
White	11,453	221,833	225,121	115,240	109,887	6,976	2,061	5,379	1,608	20,631	5,069
Black	6,429	142,039	180,611	81,592	99,093	6,041	1,121	4,488	1,552	12,207	3,807
Hispanic	1,631	94,865	109,707	53,127	56,596	3,540	1,121	2,780	757	9,882	2,846
Asian	28	2,889	4,208	2,602	1,600	115	60	90	24	378	113
Pacific Islander	8	881	1,908	1,069	839	37	139	29	8	65	75
American Indian/Alaska Native	574	6,918	8,406	4,471	3,936	494	94	328	169	971	260
Two or more races	313	11,928	15,547	7,284	8,265	509	184	338	173	1,044	371
Female
White	1,937	59,375	49,930	29,046	20,938	1,472	440	1,120	345	4,768	1,248
Black	1,395	50,179	57,387	29,013	28,398	1,506	228	1,118	386	3,528	1,198
Hispanic	337	29,396	29,275	15,622	13,621	617	264	485	132	2,533	707
Asian	8	693	763	500	263	18	14	14	5	69	32
Pacific Islander	1-3	220	481	302	179	10	30	6	4	23	32
American Indian/Alaska Native	129	2,275	2,406	1,435	964	121	18	77	43	271	69
Two or more races	59	3,838	4,069	2,149	1,926	113	46	62	51	270	91

1 Corporal punishment is paddling, spanking, or other forms of physical punishment imposed on a student.

2 An in-school suspension is an instance in which a student is temporarily removed from his or her regular classroom(s) for at least half a day but remains under the direct supervision of school personnel.

3 For students without disabilities and students with disabilities served only under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, out-of-school suspensions are instances in which a student is excluded from school for disciplinary reasons for 1 school day or longer. This does not include students who served their suspension in the school. For students with disabilities served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), out-of-school suspensions are instances in which a student is temporarily removed from his or her regular school for disciplinary purposes to another setting (e.g., home, behavior center). This includes both removals in which no Individualized Education Program (IEP) services are provided because the removal is 10 days or less and removals in which IEP services continue to be provided.

4 Expulsions are actions taken by a local education agency that result in the removal of a student from his or her regular school for disciplinary purposes for the remainder of the school year or longer in accordance with local education agency policy. Expulsions also include removals resulting from violations of the Gun Free Schools Act that are modified to less than 365 days.

5 Referral to law enforcement is an action by which a student is reported to any law enforcement agency or official, including a school police unit, for an incident that occurs on school grounds, during school-related events, or while taking school transportation, regardless of whether official action is taken.

6 A school-related arrest is an arrest of a student for any activity conducted on school grounds, during off-campus school activities (including while taking school transportation), or due to a referral by any school official.

7 Totals include expulsions with and without educational services.

8 Includes all expulsions under zero-tolerance policies, including expulsions with and without educational services. A zero-tolerance policy results in mandatory expulsion of any student who commits one or more specified offenses (for example, offenses involving guns, other weapons, violence, or similar factors, or combinations of these factors). A policy is considered “zero tolerance” even if there are some exceptions to the mandatory aspect of the expulsion, such as allowing the chief administering officer of a local education agency to modify the expulsion on a case-by-case basis.

9 Data by race/ethnicity exclude data for students with disabilities served only under Section 504 (not receiving services under IDEA).

NOTE: Student counts between 1 and 3 are displayed as 1-3 to protect student privacy. Detail may not sum to totals because of privacy protection routines applied to the data. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Civil Rights Data Collection, "2011-12 Discipline Estimations by State." (This table was prepared November 2015.)