Table 106.30.

Amount and percentage distribution of direct general expenditures of state and local governments, by function: Selected years, 1970-71 through 2012-13

Function	1970-71	1980-81	1990-91	2000-01	2007-08	2008-09	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
	Amount (in millions of current dollars)
Total direct general expenditures	$150,674	$407,449	$908,109	$1,621,757	$2,401,417	$2,495,901	$2,537,892	$2,579,509	$2,589,022	$2,639,729
Education and public libraries	60,174	147,649	313,744	571,374	837,582	862,819	871,109	872,969	880,683	888,213
Education	59,413	145,784	309,302	563,572	826,061	851,689	860,118	862,271	869,223	876,566
Public libraries	761	1,865	4,442	7,802	11,521	11,130	10,991	10,699	11,460	11,647
Social services and income maintenance	30,376	92,555	214,919	396,086	619,237	661,111	689,435	729,846	732,358	770,101
Public welfare	18,226	54,121	130,402	257,380	404,198	432,428	456,200	490,645	485,513	516,389
Hospitals and health	11,205	36,101	81,110	134,010	209,904	223,180	227,285	233,018	240,891	247,786
Social insurance administration	945	2,276	3,250	4,359	4,055	4,570	5,157	5,256	5,116	4,901
Veterans' services	†	57	157	337	1,080	933	794	927	838	1,024
Transportation1	19,819	39,231	75,410	130,422	181,607	184,166	187,073	183,282	188,380	187,228
Public safety	9,416	31,233	79,932	146,544	216,471	225,735	224,346	225,202	225,631	232,176
Police and fire protection	7,531	21,283	46,568	84,554	128,768	135,904	137,106	138,147	139,375	144,707
Correction	1,885	7,393	27,356	52,370	72,753	75,096	73,100	73,243	72,688	73,324
Protective inspection and regulation	†	2,557	6,008	9,620	14,951	14,735	14,139	13,812	13,568	14,146
Environment and housing	11,832	35,223	76,167	124,203	191,828	196,750	198,223	200,491	196,184	196,353
Natural resources, parks, and       recreation	5,191	13,239	28,505	50,082	70,380	71,714	68,680	67,053	66,424	66,695
Housing and community development	2,554	7,086	16,648	27,402	51,071	49,885	53,923	56,284	53,659	51,539
Sewerage and sanitation	4,087	14,898	31,014	46,718	70,378	75,152	75,620	77,154	76,101	78,118
Governmental administration	6,703	20,001	48,461	85,910	125,789	128,350	126,719	123,851	123,711	124,869
Financial administration	2,271	7,230	16,995	30,007	40,350	40,576	40,241	39,351	38,683	39,769
General control2	4,432	12,771	31,466	55,903	85,439	87,775	86,479	84,500	85,027	85,100
Interest on general debt	5,089	17,131	52,234	73,836	101,008	104,449	105,715	108,478	108,935	108,385
Other direct general expenditures	7,265	24,426	47,242	93,382	127,895	132,521	135,273	135,388	133,142	132,404
	Amount (in millions of constant 2014-15 dollars)3
Total direct general expenditures	$897,697	$1,113,231	$1,604,939	$2,192,177	$2,684,712	$2,751,922	$2,771,400	$2,761,397	$2,692,689	$2,700,479
Education and public libraries	358,509	403,406	554,493	772,343	936,391	951,324	951,258	934,525	915,946	908,654
Education	353,975	398,311	546,642	761,797	923,511	939,052	939,256	923,072	904,027	896,739
Public libraries	4,534	5,096	7,851	10,546	12,880	12,272	12,002	11,453	11,919	11,915
Social services and income maintenance	180,976	252,879	379,835	535,401	692,288	728,926	752,869	781,310	761,682	787,824
Public welfare	108,588	147,869	230,465	347,908	451,881	476,785	498,174	525,242	504,953	528,273
Hospitals and health	66,758	98,635	143,349	181,145	234,666	246,073	248,197	249,449	250,536	253,489
Social insurance administration	5,630	6,218	5,744	5,892	4,533	5,039	5,631	5,626	5,321	5,014
Veterans' services	†	156	277	455	1,208	1,029	867	992	872	1,048
Transportation1	118,079	107,187	133,275	176,296	203,032	203,057	204,285	196,206	195,923	191,537
Public safety	56,099	85,335	141,267	198,088	242,008	248,890	244,987	241,082	234,665	237,520
Police and fire protection	44,869	58,149	82,302	114,295	143,959	149,844	149,721	147,888	144,955	148,037
Correction	11,231	20,199	48,347	70,790	81,335	82,799	79,826	78,408	75,599	75,011
Protective inspection and regulation	†	6,986	10,618	13,004	16,715	16,247	15,440	14,786	14,111	14,472
Environment and housing	70,494	96,236	134,613	167,889	214,458	216,932	216,461	214,628	204,039	200,872
Natural resources, parks, and       recreation	30,927	36,172	50,378	67,698	78,682	79,070	74,999	71,782	69,083	68,230
Housing and community development	15,216	19,360	29,423	37,040	57,096	55,002	58,885	60,252	55,808	52,725
Sewerage and sanitation	24,350	40,704	54,812	63,151	78,680	82,860	82,577	82,595	79,148	79,916
Governmental administration	39,936	54,647	85,647	116,127	140,628	141,516	138,379	132,584	128,664	127,742
Financial administration	13,530	19,754	30,036	40,561	45,110	44,738	43,943	42,126	40,232	40,684
General control2	26,405	34,893	55,611	75,565	95,518	96,778	94,436	90,458	88,432	87,058
Interest on general debt	30,320	46,805	92,315	99,806	112,923	115,163	115,442	116,128	113,297	110,879
Other direct general expenditures	43,284	66,737	83,493	126,227	142,982	146,115	147,719	144,935	138,473	135,451
	Percentage distribution
Total direct general expenditures	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Education and public libraries	39.9	36.2	34.5	35.2	34.9	34.6	34.3	33.8	34.0	33.6
Education	39.4	35.8	34.1	34.8	34.4	34.1	33.9	33.4	33.6	33.2
Public libraries	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Social services and income maintenance	20.2	22.7	23.7	24.4	25.8	26.5	27.2	28.3	28.3	29.2
Public welfare	12.1	13.3	14.4	15.9	16.8	17.3	18.0	19.0	18.8	19.6
Hospitals and health	7.4	8.9	8.9	8.3	8.7	8.9	9.0	9.0	9.3	9.4
Social insurance administration	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Veterans' services	†	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#
Transportation1	13.2	9.6	8.3	8.0	7.6	7.4	7.4	7.1	7.3	7.1
Public safety	6.2	7.7	8.8	9.0	9.0	9.0	8.8	8.7	8.7	8.8
Police and fire protection	5.0	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.5
Correction	1.3	1.8	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.8
Protective inspection and regulation	†	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Environment and housing	7.9	8.6	8.4	7.7	8.0	7.9	7.8	7.8	7.6	7.4
Natural resources, parks, and       recreation	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.5
Housing and community development	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.0
Sewerage and sanitation	2.7	3.7	3.4	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0
Governmental administration	4.4	4.9	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.7
Financial administration	1.5	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5
General control2	2.9	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.2
Interest on general debt	3.4	4.2	5.8	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1
Other direct general expenditures	4.8	6.0	5.2	5.8	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.0

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

1 Includes highways, air transportation (airports), parking facilities, and sea and inland port facilities. For 2000-01 and earlier years, also includes transit subsidies.

2 Includes judicial and legal expenditures, expenditures on general public buildings, and other governmental administration expenditures.

3 Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Excludes monies paid by states to the federal government. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Governmental Finances. Retrieved November 29, 2015, from http://www.census.gov/govs/local/. (This table was prepared December 2015.)