Table 316.80.

Percentage of full-time instructional faculty with tenure for degree-granting postsecondary institutions with a tenure system, by academic rank, sex, and control and level of institution: Selected years, 1993-94 through 2011-12

Academic year, control and level of institution	Percent of institu- tions with tenure systems	Percent of full-time instructional faculty with tenure
		Total			Professor			Associate professor			Assistant professor			Instruc- tor	Lec- turer	No aca- demic rank
		Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1993-94
All institutions	62.6	56.2	62.6	42.7	91.9	92.8	87.7	76.8	77.5	75.1	14.4	13.6	15.5	38.3	10.8	26.0
Public institutions	73.6	58.9	65.4	45.6	92.6	93.6	87.5	80.8	81.6	78.9	17.1	16.1	18.5	45.5	7.2	28.6
4-year	92.6	56.3	63.5	39.3	94.3	94.7	92.0	80.4	81.2	78.4	13.8	13.0	14.8	4.4	5.4	6.1
Doctoral1	100.0	54.5	62.1	35.0	94.2	94.7	90.1	81.3	82.1	79.2	7.3	6.7	8.3	2.8	2.1	5.4
Master's2	98.3	60.5	67.7	46.1	95.4	95.5	95.0	79.3	80.0	77.7	23.0	23.0	22.9	6.4	11.7	11.0
Other	76.4	51.1	56.3	40.0	88.4	88.8	86.4	76.5	77.3	74.8	22.7	22.8	22.6	4.6	15.0	6.4
2-year	62.1	69.9	75.4	63.0	80.7	83.7	75.5	84.2	86.4	81.5	47.7	51.1	44.6	68.9	39.9	65.7
Nonprofit institutions	62.0	49.5	56.0	35.5	90.3	90.8	88.1	67.6	68.1	66.5	9.0	8.7	9.4	6.1	21.9	18.9
4-year	66.3	49.5	56.0	35.4	90.3	90.8	88.0	67.6	68.1	66.5	9.0	8.7	9.4	5.5	21.6	15.7
Doctoral1	90.5	47.6	53.5	31.9	90.5	90.8	88.5	62.5	63.4	60.0	3.7	3.7	3.7	8.9	29.2	15.4
Master's2	76.5	51.8	59.2	38.2	90.8	91.1	89.8	71.3	72.2	69.6	13.4	13.6	13.1	2.6	0.7	10.5
Other	58.3	50.4	57.4	37.2	89.4	90.4	85.1	70.6	70.9	70.2	11.9	11.9	11.9	3.9	3.4	20.0
2-year	26.1	47.9	54.5	38.5	88.0	84.3	94.3	63.8	65.1	62.7	12.0	12.3	11.9	20.0	86.7	68.6
For-profit institutions	7.8	33.8	39.0	27.8	95.2	94.1	‡	—	—	—	‡	‡	‡	32.9	—	—
1999-2000
All institutions	55.0	53.7	59.6	43.2	92.8	93.1	91.2	76.8	76.9	76.7	11.8	11.0	12.9	34.1	3.4	18.3
Public institutions	72.8	55.9	62.0	45.6	93.9	94.4	91.9	81.0	81.2	80.7	14.1	13.1	15.4	39.8	4.1	21.2
4-year	94.6	53.2	60.3	39.3	94.2	94.6	92.5	80.8	81.0	80.3	10.0	9.5	10.6	3.9	3.0	4.0
Doctoral1	100.0	50.4	58.0	34.5	92.9	93.6	89.3	79.9	80.2	79.4	4.7	4.4	5.2	2.1	1.5	1.4
Master's2	95.5	59.1	66.0	48.0	96.9	96.9	96.8	82.7	83.0	82.1	18.1	17.8	18.5	6.4	5.9	25.3
Other	86.3	54.7	61.2	43.2	94.9	95.1	94.0	80.7	81.3	79.7	21.8	24.1	18.8	5.8	7.2	49.3
2-year	60.3	67.7	70.6	64.5	91.2	92.2	89.7	83.3	83.6	83.1	53.8	56.0	52.0	60.4	21.2	64.4
Nonprofit institutions	59.0	48.2	54.2	36.8	90.3	90.5	89.7	68.0	67.8	68.4	7.5	6.8	8.2	1.8	1.2	7.4
4-year	63.4	48.1	54.1	36.7	90.3	90.5	89.7	68.0	67.8	68.5	7.4	6.8	8.1	1.6	1.2	4.1
Doctoral1	81.2	43.4	49.6	29.6	88.6	88.7	87.6	62.6	62.8	62.2	3.0	2.8	3.2	1.0	1.3	0.5
Master's2	72.6	52.3	59.4	41.4	91.2	91.6	90.0	72.0	73.0	70.3	12.1	11.9	12.3	0.9	0.8	22.3
Other	54.9	53.5	59.3	44.0	93.5	93.8	92.8	73.1	71.2	76.0	9.9	9.4	10.5	3.6	1.6	23.5
2-year	14.0	59.7	63.3	53.6	96.0	96.0	96.0	57.1	61.3	54.3	31.6	36.7	28.3	30.2	—	65.8
For-profit institutions	4.0	77.4	77.2	77.6	47.4	50.0	33.3	—	—	—	—	—	—	86.1	—	71.9
2009-10
All institutions	47.8	48.7	54.5	40.6	90.3	90.7	89.3	74.6	74.5	74.6	7.2	6.9	7.6	28.2	1.4	24.7
Public institutions	71.2	50.6	56.3	42.9	91.6	92.0	90.6	78.3	78.4	78.2	9.1	8.4	9.8	33.7	1.8	30.2
4-year	90.9	47.9	54.6	38.0	92.0	92.2	91.4	78.7	78.6	78.8	5.7	5.4	6.0	2.5	1.2	7.5
Doctoral1	99.5	45.7	52.9	34.1	90.2	90.6	88.6	75.6	75.7	75.4	2.4	2.2	2.6	0.9	0.7	1.6
Master's2	98.6	53.5	60.0	45.6	97.5	97.5	97.4	86.0	86.2	85.8	11.3	11.5	11.2	3.2	1.8	8.7
Other	72.4	51.2	55.5	46.1	92.2	93.3	90.2	84.6	85.0	84.0	20.5	21.4	19.6	11.8	3.0	58.7
2-year	57.7	64.1	67.2	61.4	88.2	89.6	86.9	74.1	75.2	73.3	45.2	48.3	42.9	58.4	22.6	67.6
Nonprofit institutions	57.1	44.3	50.6	35.2	87.8	88.2	86.6	67.2	67.0	67.6	3.8	3.8	3.7	0.6	0.3	7.1
4-year	59.5	44.3	50.6	35.2	87.8	88.2	86.7	67.2	67.0	67.6	3.8	3.8	3.7	0.5	0.3	7.0
Doctoral1	83.8	39.7	46.6	28.4	85.6	86.4	82.7	59.7	60.2	59.0	1.8	1.9	1.7	0.2	0.2	1.0
Master's2	65.8	49.8	55.7	42.4	89.7	90.1	88.8	74.0	74.1	73.8	7.2	7.6	6.8	0.7	0.2	20.4
Other	47.4	53.4	59.1	45.8	93.2	92.9	93.8	79.4	78.6	80.5	4.8	5.0	4.5	1.6	1.6	45.7
2-year	12.9	38.5	49.5	31.7	86.7	‡	70.0	59.3	64.7	56.8	20.5	18.5	21.4	8.2	‡	30.0
For-profit institutions	1.5	51.0	58.6	42.1	75.5	74.7	77.8	8.5	3.2	12.5	‡	‡	‡	87.3	‡	‡
2011-12
All institutions	45.3	48.5	54.2	41.0	89.7	90.1	88.9	74.9	75.0	74.9	6.9	6.4	7.3	27.3	1.3	23.8
Public institutions	71.6	50.7	56.2	43.6	91.1	91.5	90.1	78.6	78.8	78.2	8.8	8.1	9.6	33.1	1.7	29.6
4-year	90.8	48.0	54.5	38.7	91.4	91.6	90.6	78.9	79.0	78.7	5.5	5.2	5.8	2.9	1.1	9.6
Doctoral1	99.6	46.0	52.9	35.5	90.0	90.4	88.5	76.2	76.5	75.7	2.5	2.3	2.8	1.1	0.7	1.3
Master's2	97.5	55.6	61.9	48.3	97.6	97.6	97.7	88.6	88.9	88.2	13.3	13.3	13.3	1.8	2.4	7.1
Other	70.2	54.2	57.7	50.4	93.2	94.3	91.2	87.8	87.7	87.8	24.3	25.1	23.5	21.3	2.7	63.9
2-year	57.8	64.7	67.3	62.4	88.7	89.9	87.6	75.1	76.2	74.1	44.0	46.2	42.4	58.9	17.2	69.7
Nonprofit institutions	55.6	43.7	49.9	35.1	87.0	87.3	86.3	67.8	67.4	68.3	3.3	3.4	3.3	0.4	0.3	6.7
4-year	58.6	43.7	49.9	35.1	87.0	87.3	86.3	67.8	67.4	68.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	0.4	0.3	6.6
Doctoral1	76.4	40.2	46.9	30.3	85.0	85.6	82.9	62.0	62.3	61.7	2.2	2.4	2.0	0.3	0.1	0.7
Master's2	59.3	51.0	56.4	44.7	90.9	90.7	91.3	76.7	76.5	76.9	6.7	6.5	7.0	0.7	1.3	32.6
Other	43.1	54.5	60.5	47.1	94.4	94.3	94.5	84.4	83.0	86.2	4.4	4.6	4.2	0.5	0.0	54.9
2-year	8.0	31.4	41.1	25.2	‡	‡	‡	46.3	66.7	42.9	12.3	22.2	7.7	5.1	‡	33.3
For-profit institutions	1.3	31.0	31.4	30.7	72.3	73.8	69.2	30.8	18.9	41.5	1.6	‡	‡	54.4	‡	5.0

—Not available.

‡Reporting standards not met (too few cases).

1 Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor's degrees during the previous academic year.

2 Institutions that awarded 20 or more master's degrees, but less than 20 doctor's degrees, during the previous academic year.

NOTE: The coverage of this table differs from similar tables published in editions of the Digest prior to 2003. Previous tenure tabulations included only instructional staff classified as full-time faculty; this table includes all staff with full-time instructional duties, including faculty and other instructional staff. Data for 1993-94 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. Beginning in 2009-10, includes institutions with fewer than 15 full-time employees; institutions with fewer than 15 employees did not report staff data prior to 2007-08.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:93-99); and Winter 2009-10 and Winter 2011-12, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section. (This table was prepared July 2012.)