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Digest of Education Statistics
2013 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest


Table 102.40. Poverty rates for all persons and poverty status of 5- to 17-year-olds, by region and state: Selected years, 1990 through 2012
[Standard errors appear in parentheses]  
Region and state Percent of persons in poverty Poverty status of related children1 5 through 17 years old  
19902 20003 20114 20124 1990,2 percent in poverty 2000,3 percent in poverty 20114 20124  
Number in poverty (in thousands) Percent in poverty Number in poverty (in thousands) Percent in poverty  
 
 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11  
United States 13.1 12.4 15.9 (0.06) 15.8 (0.07) 17.0 (0.02) 15.4 (0.01) 10,884 (72.4) 20.7 (0.14) 11,060 (77.8) 21.0 (0.14)  
Region                                      
Northeast 10.6 11.4 13.3 (0.10) 13.6 (0.11) 14.3 (0.54) 14.3 (0.39) 1,521 (21.7) 17.2 (0.24) 1,567 (21.6) 17.9 (0.25)  
South 15.7 13.9 17.4 (0.08) 17.3 (0.09) 20.5 (0.90) 17.6 (0.64) 4,584 (34.8) 23.1 (0.17) 4,644 (43.8) 23.3 (0.22)  
Midwest 12.0 10.2 14.9 (0.12) 14.9 (0.10) 14.9 (0.58) 12.0 (0.37) 2,163 (29.3) 19.0 (0.26) 2,160 (26.2) 19.0 (0.22)  
West 12.6 13.0 16.1 (0.11) 16.1 (0.10) 16.2 (0.79) 16.2 (0.54) 2,618 (30.1) 20.7 (0.24) 2,689 (27.9) 21.2 (0.22)  
                                       
Alabama 18.3 16.1 19.1 (0.42) 18.7 (0.36) 23.2 (0.16) 20.3 (0.11) 209 (7.6) 25.7 (0.93) 203 (6.3) 24.9 (0.77)  
Alaska 9.0 9.4 10.2 (0.80) 11.3 (0.77) 9.6 (0.27) 10.3 (0.18) 18 (2.8) 14.0 (2.14) 18 (2.1) 13.7 (1.59)  
Arizona 15.7 13.9 19.1 (0.39) 18.3 (0.27) 20.3 (0.15) 17.8 (0.11) 297 (9.9) 26.0 (0.87) 285 (7.1) 24.7 (0.59)  
Arkansas 19.1 15.8 18.7 (0.49) 19.0 (0.46) 23.8 (0.20) 20.1 (0.13) 123 (5.1) 24.4 (1.02) 129 (5.3) 25.5 (1.04)  
California 12.5 14.2 16.6 (0.14) 16.8 (0.13) 17.2 (0.06) 18.5 (0.04) 1,429 (17.9) 21.7 (0.27) 1,505 (19.5) 22.9 (0.30)  
                                       
Colorado 11.7 9.3 13.3 (0.32) 13.6 (0.28) 13.7 (0.13) 10.0 (0.08) 136 (6.9) 15.6 (0.78) 155 (6.1) 17.7 (0.69)  
Connecticut 6.8 7.9 10.9 (0.35) 10.8 (0.34) 9.8 (0.15) 9.6 (0.10) 84 (4.2) 14.1 (0.71) 82 (4.5) 13.9 (0.76)  
Delaware 8.7 9.2 12.2 (0.68) 12.2 (0.70) 11.0 (0.27) 10.9 (0.22) 24 (2.6) 16.5 (1.77) 21 (2.5) 14.2 (1.66)  
District of Columbia 16.9 20.2 18.9 (0.94) 17.4 (0.90) 24.1 (0.59) 30.4 (0.44) 20 (2.1) 29.6 (3.10) 19 (1.8) 27.7 (2.55)  
Florida 12.7 12.5 17.0 (0.18) 17.1 (0.14) 17.5 (0.10) 16.6 (0.07) 663 (11.8) 23.3 (0.42) 687 (12.4) 23.9 (0.43)  
                                       
Georgia 14.7 13.0 19.1 (0.27) 19.1 (0.27) 18.9 (0.14) 16.1 (0.09) 437 (10.3) 24.5 (0.58) 453 (11.2) 25.2 (0.61)  
Hawaii 8.3 10.7 12.0 (0.67) 11.8 (0.59) 10.5 (0.25) 12.9 (0.18) 37 (3.8) 17.3 (1.80) 34 (3.3) 16.5 (1.60)  
Idaho 13.3 11.8 15.4 (0.59) 15.5 (0.63) 14.4 (0.23) 12.6 (0.14) 49 (3.7) 16.3 (1.22) 59 (4.7) 19.2 (1.52)  
Illinois 11.9 10.7 14.7 (0.23) 14.7 (0.19) 15.9 (0.08) 13.4 (0.05) 436 (11.2) 19.5 (0.50) 430 (11.1) 19.4 (0.51)  
Indiana 10.7 9.5 15.7 (0.31) 15.6 (0.28) 12.8 (0.10) 10.6 (0.08) 231 (8.0) 20.4 (0.71) 224 (7.7) 19.7 (0.67)  
                                       
Iowa 11.5 9.1 12.8 (0.39) 12.6 (0.38) 12.6 (0.14) 9.5 (0.09) 82 (5.4) 16.1 (1.05) 74 (4.8) 14.4 (0.92)  
Kansas 11.5 9.9 14.1 (0.49) 13.7 (0.33) 12.8 (0.15) 10.4 (0.10) 82 (4.9) 16.3 (0.98) 85 (4.4) 16.7 (0.87)  
Kentucky 19.0 15.8 19.5 (0.41) 19.2 (0.41) 23.2 (0.16) 19.4 (0.10) 185 (7.0) 25.8 (0.94) 178 (6.7) 24.7 (0.96)  
Louisiana 23.6 19.6 20.2 (0.35) 19.8 (0.36) 30.4 (0.19) 25.3 (0.11) 210 (6.0) 26.6 (0.75) 216 (7.4) 27.3 (0.93)  
Maine 10.8 10.9 14.2 (0.60) 14.9 (0.66) 12.3 (0.20) 12.0 (0.15) 34 (2.8) 17.2 (1.46) 33 (3.4) 17.2 (1.76)  
                                       
Maryland 8.3 8.5 10.1 (0.25) 10.1 (0.27) 10.5 (0.12) 9.8 (0.09) 120 (5.9) 12.5 (0.62) 119 (5.4) 12.4 (0.57)  
Massachusetts 8.9 9.3 11.7 (0.26) 12.0 (0.24) 12.2 (0.12) 11.4 (0.08) 145 (6.0) 14.1 (0.59) 153 (5.9) 15.0 (0.58)  
Michigan 13.1 10.5 17.0 (0.26) 17.5 (0.26) 16.7 (0.09) 12.7 (0.05) 356 (10.7) 21.4 (0.64) 381 (9.6) 23.1 (0.59)  
Minnesota 10.2 7.9 11.6 (0.32) 11.4 (0.29) 11.4 (0.10) 8.7 (0.06) 116 (5.9) 12.7 (0.64) 118 (6.3) 12.9 (0.68)  
Mississippi 25.2 19.9 22.5 (0.48) 23.7 (0.54) 32.6 (0.21) 26.0 (0.13) 155 (4.8) 28.9 (0.88) 170 (6.9) 31.7 (1.26)  
                                       
Missouri 13.3 11.7 15.9 (0.34) 16.3 (0.29) 16.2 (0.12) 14.4 (0.08) 199 (8.3) 19.9 (0.81) 207 (8.0) 20.7 (0.77)  
Montana 16.1 14.6 14.0 (0.76) 14.9 (0.64) 18.4 (0.30) 17.1 (0.20) 26 (2.5) 16.7 (1.61) 28 (2.8) 18.0 (1.75)  
Nebraska 11.1 9.7 11.9 (0.51) 11.6 (0.48) 12.0 (0.18) 11.1 (0.12) 44 (3.3) 13.7 (1.03) 45 (3.2) 14.0 (0.99)  
Nevada 10.2 10.5 16.1 (0.50) 15.7 (0.48) 11.7 (0.26) 12.3 (0.16) 100 (5.4) 21.3 (1.15) 97 (5.0) 20.7 (1.06)  
New Hampshire 6.4 6.5 8.8 (0.52) 9.6 (0.64) 6.4 (0.16) 6.7 (0.12) 22 (2.7) 10.7 (1.32) 26 (2.7) 12.8 (1.35)  
                                       
New Jersey 7.6 8.5 10.3 (0.19) 10.7 (0.21) 10.8 (0.10) 10.5 (0.07) 193 (6.9) 13.0 (0.47) 204 (6.6) 13.7 (0.45)  
New Mexico 20.6 18.4 21.4 (0.61) 20.6 (0.58) 26.3 (0.25) 23.6 (0.17) 103 (4.8) 28.0 (1.30) 98 (4.6) 26.6 (1.25)  
New York 13.0 14.6 15.8 (0.16) 16.0 (0.15) 18.1 (0.09) 19.1 (0.06) 655 (13.5) 21.4 (0.43) 662 (11.3) 21.9 (0.36)  
North Carolina 13.0 12.3 17.6 (0.26) 17.9 (0.26) 16.0 (0.11) 14.9 (0.07) 374 (9.5) 22.8 (0.58) 385 (9.5) 23.4 (0.58)  
North Dakota 14.4 11.9 11.0 (0.68) 10.6 (0.63) 15.9 (0.30) 12.2 (0.17) 9 (1.5) 8.6 (1.40) 12 (1.7) 11.0 (1.56)  
                                       
Ohio 12.5 10.6 16.4 (0.26) 16.3 (0.21) 16.2 (0.08) 12.9 (0.05) 422 (11.0) 21.9 (0.57) 415 (9.7) 21.6 (0.50)  
Oklahoma 16.7 14.7 17.5 (0.45) 17.2 (0.41) 19.9 (0.16) 17.7 (0.11) 139 (6.3) 21.2 (0.96) 151 (6.8) 22.7 (1.03)  
Oregon 12.4 11.6 16.9 (0.38) 16.8 (0.40) 13.4 (0.15) 12.8 (0.11) 131 (5.8) 21.6 (0.93) 121 (6.4) 19.6 (1.04)  
Pennsylvania 11.1 11.0 13.6 (0.24) 13.9 (0.24) 14.5 (0.08) 13.6 (0.05) 349 (12.0) 17.5 (0.59) 368 (11.4) 18.6 (0.56)  
Rhode Island 9.6 11.9 14.3 (0.67) 13.8 (0.58) 12.3 (0.30) 15.6 (0.25) 29 (2.1) 18.0 (1.32) 28 (2.4) 17.7 (1.50)  
                                       
South Carolina 15.4 14.1 18.9 (0.35) 18.2 (0.32) 20.0 (0.19) 17.9 (0.12) 195 (6.8) 25.6 (0.88) 193 (6.7) 25.0 (0.86)  
South Dakota 15.9 13.2 12.8 (0.82) 13.3 (0.69) 18.7 (0.33) 15.5 (0.21) 20 (2.2) 14.5 (1.53) 21 (2.1) 15.3 (1.46)  
Tennessee 15.7 13.5 18.1 (0.29) 18.0 (0.30) 19.5 (0.13) 16.6 (0.10) 258 (7.6) 24.2 (0.71) 260 (8.6) 24.4 (0.78)  
Texas 18.1 15.4 18.3 (0.16) 17.8 (0.17) 23.4 (0.09) 19.3 (0.06) 1,217 (18.2) 24.7 (0.37) 1,208 (18.5) 24.3 (0.37)  
Utah 11.4 9.4 13.7 (0.55) 12.3 (0.45) 10.9 (0.16) 8.9 (0.09) 91 (6.9) 14.9 (1.14) 86 (5.5) 14.0 (0.90)  
                                       
Vermont 9.9 9.4 11.0 (0.75) 11.3 (0.92) 10.7 (0.26) 9.9 (0.16) 10 (1.3) 10.7 (1.45) 11 (2.0) 12.0 (2.21)  
Virginia 10.2 9.6 11.6 (0.22) 11.8 (0.21) 12.4 (0.12) 11.4 (0.08) 189 (7.3) 14.3 (0.54) 197 (6.9) 14.8 (0.52)  
Washington 10.9 10.6 14.0 (0.27) 13.5 (0.31) 12.8 (0.10) 12.2 (0.09) 188 (8.2) 16.9 (0.72) 188 (7.8) 16.9 (0.70)  
West Virginia 19.7 17.9 18.6 (0.60) 17.3 (0.58) 24.0 (0.23) 22.9 (0.17) 65 (4.0) 23.6 (1.48) 56 (4.1) 20.7 (1.50)  
Wisconsin 10.7 8.7 13.6 (0.37) 12.9 (0.29) 13.3 (0.10) 10.0 (0.07) 165 (7.9) 17.4 (0.82) 148 (6.9) 15.8 (0.72)  
Wyoming 11.9 11.4 11.2 (0.76) 12.6 (0.74) 12.6 (0.33) 12.5 (0.24) 13 (1.8) 13.9 (1.96) 15 (1.6) 15.9 (1.69)  
1 Related children in a family include all children in the household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption (except a child who is the spouse of the householder). The householder is the person (or one of the people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit.  
2 Based on 1989 incomes and family sizes collected in the 1990 census. May differ from Current Population Survey data that are shown in other tables.  
3 Based on 1999 incomes and family sizes collected in the 2000 census. May differ from Current Population Survey data that are shown in other tables.  
4 Based on income and family size data from the American Community Survey (ACS). May differ from Current Population Survey data that are shown in other tables. ACS respondents were interviewed throughout the given year and reported the income they received during the previous 12 months.  
NOTE: For information about how the Census Bureau determines who is in poverty, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/overview/measure.html. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.  
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, 1990 Summary Tape File 3 (STF 3), "Median Household Income in 1989" and "Poverty Status in 1989 by Family Type and Age"; Decennial Census, 1990, Minority Economic Profiles, unpublished data; Decennial Census, 2000, Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics; Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4), "Poverty Status in 1999 of Related Children Under 18 Years by Family Type and Age"; and American Community Survey, 2011 and 2012. (This table was prepared January 2014.)

2013 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest