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| 2011 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 59. | Number of 3- to 5-year-olds not yet enrolled in kindergarten and percentage participating in home literacy activities with a family member, by type and frequency of activity and selected child and family characteristics: 1993, 2001, and 2007 |
| Selected child and family characteristics | Number of children (in thousands) | Percent of children participating in activity with family member1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Read to by family member three or more times in past week |
At least once in past week | Visited a library at least once in past month | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Told a story by family member | Taught letters, words, or numbers | Did arts and crafts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1993 | 2001 | 2007 | 19932 | 2001 | 2007 | 1993 | 2001 | 2007 | 1993 | 2001 | 2007 | 1993 | 2001 | 2007 | 1993 | 2001 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 8,579 | (42.0) | 8,551 | (11.0) | 8,686 | (18.1) | 78 | (0.7) | 84 | (0.8) | 83 | (1.1) | 76 | (0.9) | 84 | (0.8) | 79 | (1.1) | 86 | (0.5) | 94 | (0.6) | 87 | (1.1) | 68 | (0.9) | 79 | (0.9) | 90 | (1.1) | 38 | (1.0) | 36 | (1.1) | 36 | (1.2) |
| Age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 years old | 3,889 | (8.2) | 3,795 | (91.4) | 3,755 | (108.1) | 79 | (1.0) | 84 | (1.1) | 84 | (1.5) | 77 | (1.1) | 83 | (1.2) | 80 | (2.0) | 85 | (0.9) | 93 | (1.0) | 87 | (1.4) | 67 | (1.2) | 77 | (1.3) | 91 | (1.3) | 34 | (1.3) | 35 | (1.9) | 36 | (2.0) |
| 4 years old | 3,713 | (15.7) | 3,861 | (89.0) | 3,738 | (123.5) | 78 | (1.0) | 85 | (1.2) | 83 | (1.6) | 75 | (1.3) | 84 | (1.1) | 76 | (2.0) | 88 | (0.7) | 95 | (0.7) | 86 | (1.9) | 69 | (1.3) | 82 | (1.2) | 89 | (2.0) | 41 | (1.5) | 37 | (1.4) | 35 | (1.6) |
| 5 years old | 976 | (39.4) | 896 | (47.0) | 1,193 | (78.0) | 76 | (2.1) | 81 | (2.7) | 83 | (3.0) | 68 | (2.3) | 82 | (2.4) | 86 | (2.6) | 88 | (1.7) | 93 | (1.8) | 89 | (2.2) | 69 | (2.4) | 80 | (2.4) | 89 | (2.7) | 38 | (2.7) | 37 | (3.4) | 39 | (3.4) |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 4,453 | (60.2) | 4,292 | (79.9) | 4,364 | (101.1) | 77 | (1.0) | 82 | (1.2) | 81 | (1.7) | 75 | (1.0) | 82 | (1.1) | 77 | (1.9) | 86 | (0.7) | 94 | (0.7) | 86 | (1.6) | 66 | (1.1) | 76 | (1.3) | 87 | (1.8) | 38 | (1.5) | 35 | (1.4) | 34 | (1.8) |
| Female | 4,126 | (65.0) | 4,260 | (79.6) | 4,322 | (100.8) | 79 | (1.0) | 86 | (1.0) | 86 | (1.2) | 76 | (1.4) | 85 | (1.0) | 81 | (1.6) | 87 | (0.9) | 94 | (0.8) | 88 | (1.5) | 71 | (1.2) | 83 | (1.3) | 93 | (1.1) | 38 | (1.1) | 37 | (1.6) | 38 | (1.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 5,902 | (63.6) | 5,313 | (68.0) | 4,664 | (66.3) | 85 | (0.7) | 89 | (0.8) | 91 | (1.3) | 77 | (1.1) | 86 | (1.0) | 85 | (1.4) | 86 | (0.7) | 95 | (0.7) | 88 | (1.3) | 74 | (1.0) | 85 | (1.0) | 92 | (1.3) | 42 | (1.3) | 39 | (1.3) | 41 | (1.6) |
| Black | 1,271 | (44.9) | 1,251 | (55.1) | 1,311 | (6.0) | 66 | (2.4) | 77 | (2.6) | 78 | (4.0) | 72 | (2.5) | 81 | (2.1) | 61 | (5.0) | 89 | (1.8) | 94 | (1.8) | 81 | (5.2) | 56 | (2.6) | 70 | (3.1) | 82 | (5.1) | 29 | (2.6) | 31 | (2.6) | 25 | (3.6) |
| Hispanic | 1,026 | (34.1) | 1,506 | (43.5) | 1,899 | (13.6) | 58 | (2.4) | 71 | (1.9) | 68 | (2.4) | 73 | (1.9) | 75 | (2.0) | 75 | (2.2) | 84 | (1.6) | 92 | (1.1) | 86 | (1.6) | 53 | (2.4) | 67 | (2.2) | 91 | (1.4) | 26 | (1.6) | 30 | (2.0) | 27 | (2.2) |
| Asian | — | (†) | — | (†) | 349 | (43.3) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 87 | (3.9) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 75 | (7.0) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 92 | (2.8) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 84 | (6.1) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 49 | (7.3) |
| Mother's highest level of education3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 1,036 | (50.1) | 996 | (54.5) | 808 | (71.6) | 60 | (2.7) | 69 | (2.8) | 56 | (5.1) | 67 | (3.2) | 72 | (2.7) | 66 | (4.5) | 82 | (2.4) | 91 | (2.0) | 84 | (3.3) | 49 | (2.6) | 62 | (3.0) | 86 | (4.4) | 22 | (2.7) | 21 | (2.4) | 20 | (3.7) |
| High school/GED | 3,268 | (79.6) | 2,712 | (89.0) | 2,048 | (108.7) | 75 | (1.3) | 81 | (1.6) | 74 | (2.8) | 75 | (1.3) | 83 | (1.3) | 74 | (3.2) | 87 | (0.9) | 95 | (0.9) | 82 | (3.3) | 65 | (1.6) | 77 | (1.8) | 89 | (2.3) | 30 | (1.8) | 30 | (1.9) | 29 | (2.9) |
| Vocational/technical or some college |
2,291 | (69.1) | 1,833 | (73.9) | 1,838 | (107.2) | 83 | (1.4) | 85 | (1.8) | 84 | (2.3) | 77 | (1.5) | 85 | (1.7) | 75 | (3.5) | 88 | (1.0) | 94 | (1.2) | 85 | (3.2) | 73 | (1.5) | 81 | (1.9) | 87 | (3.4) | 44 | (2.2) | 38 | (2.2) | 28 | (2.5) |
| Associate's degree | 332 | (25.7) | 573 | (40.9) | 821 | (59.4) | 84 | (3.1) | 89 | (2.5) | 90 | (2.1) | 78 | (3.5) | 84 | (2.7) | 84 | (2.8) | 93 | (2.1) | 92 | (2.3) | 91 | (2.1) | 77 | (3.9) | 82 | (3.2) | 92 | (2.2) | 38 | (4.1) | 42 | (4.3) | 45 | (4.5) |
| Bachelor's degree | 912 | (42.3) | 1,553 | (68.4) | 1,990 | (92.4) | 90 | (1.6) | 93 | (1.2) | 95 | (0.9) | 80 | (2.0) | 88 | (1.5) | 86 | (1.7) | 84 | (1.7) | 95 | (1.1) | 90 | (1.3) | 77 | (2.0) | 89 | (1.4) | 92 | (1.7) | 55 | (2.2) | 46 | (2.4) | 43 | (2.5) |
| Graduate/professional degree |
569 | (37.7) | 685 | (45.7) | 1,053 | (63.7) | 90 | (2.1) | 96 | (1.1) | 95 | (1.6) | 81 | (2.5) | 89 | (2.3) | 90 | (1.7) | 86 | (2.3) | 95 | (1.3) | 93 | (1.4) | 83 | (2.2) | 86 | (2.2) | 92 | (1.8) | 59 | (3.5) | 55 | (3.8) | 54 | (3.5) |
| Mother's employment status3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employed | 4,486 | (77.3) | 5,148 | (84.2) | 4,985 | (130.1) | 79 | (1.0) | 86 | (1.0) | 85 | (1.2) | 76 | (1.0) | 84 | (1.0) | 80 | (1.4) | 86 | (0.8) | 94 | (0.7) | 86 | (1.5) | 70 | (1.1) | 80 | (1.2) | 90 | (1.3) | 39 | (1.2) | 36 | (1.2) | 35 | (1.7) |
| Unemployed | 594 | (45.0) | 396 | (36.9) | 467 | (61.5) | 71 | (3.4) | 77 | (5.0) | 69 | (7.5) | 73 | (3.0) | 80 | (4.7) | 69 | (7.9) | 89 | (2.6) | 94 | (3.3) | 94 | (2.0) | 63 | (3.6) | 69 | (5.5) | 88 | (7.1) | 37 | (3.7) | 37 | (4.8) | 26 | (5.8) |
| Not in labor force | 3,328 | (72.9) | 2,809 | (73.3) | 3,105 | (128.9) | 79 | (1.3) | 83 | (1.4) | 83 | (1.7) | 76 | (1.2) | 82 | (1.5) | 79 | (2.2) | 86 | (1.0) | 94 | (0.9) | 87 | (2.1) | 67 | (1.4) | 80 | (1.3) | 89 | (2.1) | 37 | (1.4) | 38 | (1.9) | 38 | (2.0) |
| Number of parents in the household |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Two parents | 6,226 | (78.1) | 6,416 | (75.1) | 6,852 | (81.1) | 81 | (0.7) | 87 | (0.8) | 85 | (1.1) | 77 | (1.0) | 84 | (0.9) | 81 | (1.2) | 86 | (0.6) | 94 | (0.6) | 88 | (1.0) | 71 | (0.9) | 81 | (0.9) | 91 | (1.0) | 41 | (1.2) | 38 | (1.2) | 37 | (1.4) |
| None or one parent | 2,353 | (66.5) | 2,135 | (75.1) | 1,834 | (85.1) | 71 | (1.7) | 76 | (2.0) | 78 | (3.2) | 71 | (1.7) | 82 | (1.6) | 70 | (3.6) | 86 | (1.2) | 93 | (1.2) | 83 | (3.7) | 61 | (1.8) | 74 | (2.3) | 84 | (3.6) | 30 | (1.7) | 30 | (2.1) | 29 | (3.1) |
| Poverty status4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Above poverty threshold | 6,184 | (60.9) | 6,575 | (60.3) | 6,751 | (71.6) | 82 | (0.7) | 87 | (0.8) | 87 | (1.1) | 77 | (0.9) | 84 | (0.9) | 82 | (1.2) | 87 | (0.5) | 95 | (0.5) | 87 | (1.2) | 73 | (0.9) | 81 | (0.9) | 91 | (1.1) | 42 | (1.2) | 39 | (1.3) | 38 | (1.5) |
| At or below poverty threshold |
2,395 | (54.5) | 1,976 | (59.6) | 1,934 | (72.9) | 69 | (1.6) | 74 | (2.1) | 71 | (3.4) | 72 | (1.8) | 80 | (1.7) | 69 | (3.4) | 86 | (1.4) | 92 | (1.6) | 86 | (3.1) | 57 | (2.1) | 73 | (2.3) | 85 | (3.2) | 28 | (1.8) | 28 | (2.1) | 28 | (2.8) |
| —Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 The respondent was the parent most knowledgeable about the child's care and education. Responding parents reported on their own activities and the activities of their spouse/other adults in the household. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 In 1993, there were two versions of the survey question that asked how often the child was read to. Each respondent was asked one version of the question. Percentages represent all respondents who indicated a frequency of three or more times in the past week in response to either version of the question. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Excludes children living in households with no mother or female guardian present. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Poverty status was determined by household income and number of persons in household. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Totals include other racial/ethnic groups not separately shown. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Readiness Survey, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey, and Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (SR-NHES:1993, ECPP-NHES:2001, and PFI-NHES:2007). (This table was prepared September 2009.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
