Public and private direct expenditures on education as a percentage of the gross domestic product, by level of education and country: Selected years, 1995 through 2007

(502KB)

Table 426.

	All institutions									Primary and secondary institutions															Higher education institutions
	Public direct expenditures						Direct expenditures, 2007			Public direct expenditures									Direct expenditures, 2007						Public direct expenditures									Direct expenditures, 2007
Country	1995	2000¹		2004¹	2005¹	2006¹	Public¹	Private	Total	1995	2000¹		2004¹		2005¹		2006¹		Public¹		Private		Total		1995	2000¹		2004¹		2005¹		2006¹		Public¹		Private		Total
1	2	3		4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11		12		13		14		15		16		17		18	19		20		21		22		23		24		25
OECD average²	4.9	4.8		5.0	4.9	4.8	4.8	0.9	5.6	3.5	3.4		3.5		3.5		3.4		3.3		0.3		3.6		0.9	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0		0.5		1.5
Australia	4.5	4.6		4.3	4.3	4.1	3.7	1.3	5.0	3.2	3.7		3.5		3.4		3.3		2.9		0.4		3.4		1.2	0.8		0.8		0.8		0.8		0.7		0.8		1.5
Austria	5.3	5.4	³	5.0	5.2	5.2	5.1	0.2	5.4	3.8	3.7	³	3.6		3.5		3.5		3.5		0.1		3.6		0.9	1.2	³	1.1		1.2		1.2		1.3		0.1		1.3
Belgium (Flemish)	5.0	5.1		5.8	5.8	5.9	5.9	0.2	6.1	3.4	3.4	⁴	4.0		3.9		3.9		3.9		0.1		4.1		0.9	1.2	⁴	1.2		1.2		1.2		1.2		0.1		1.3
Canada	5.8	5.2		4.7	4.8	4.8	—	—	—	4.0	3.3	⁵	3.2	^5,6	3.3	^5,6	3.2	^5,6	—		—		—		1.5	1.6	⁵	1.4	⁵	1.5	⁵	1.6	⁵	—		—		—
Chile	—	4.2		3.5	3.3	3.0	3.1	2.5	5.7	—	3.2		2.8		2.7		2.4		2.5		0.9		3.4		—	0.6		0.3		0.3		0.3		0.3		1.4		1.7

Czech Republic	4.8	4.2		4.2	4.1	4.2	4.1	0.5	4.6	3.4	2.8	⁴	2.8		2.7		2.7		2.5		0.3		2.8		0.7	0.8	⁴	0.9		0.8		1.0		1.0		0.2		1.2
Denmark	6.5	6.4	³	6.9	6.8	6.7	6.6	0.5	7.1	4.2	4.1	^3,7	4.2	⁷	4.4	⁷	4.3	⁷	4.2	⁷	0.1	⁷	4.3	⁷	1.3	1.5	^3,7	1.8	⁷	1.6	⁷	1.6	⁷	1.6	⁷	0.1	⁷	1.7	⁷
Finland	6.6	5.5		6.0	5.9	5.7	5.5	0.1	5.6	4.2	3.5		3.9		3.8		3.7		3.6		—		3.6		1.7	1.7		1.7		1.7		1.6		1.6		0.1		1.6
France	5.8	5.7		5.7	5.6	5.5	5.5	0.4	6.0	4.1	4.0		3.9		3.8		3.7		3.7		0.2		3.9		1.0	1.0		1.2		1.1		1.1		1.2		0.2		1.4
Germany	4.5	4.3		4.3	4.2	4.1	4.0	0.7	4.7	2.9	2.9		2.8		2.8		2.7		2.6		0.4		3.0		1.0	1.0		1.0		0.9		0.9		0.9		0.2		1.1

Greece	3.7	3.7	³	3.3	4.0	—	—	—	—	2.8	2.7	^3,6	2.1	⁶	2.5	⁶	—		—		—		—		0.8	0.9	³	1.1		1.4		—		—		—		—
Hungary	4.9	4.4		5.1	5.1	5.1	4.9	—	—	3.3	2.8		3.3		3.3		3.2		3.2		—		—		0.8	0.9		0.9		0.9		0.9		0.9		—		—
Iceland	4.5	5.7	³	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.0	0.8	7.8	3.4	4.6	³	5.2	⁷	5.2	⁷	5.1		4.9		0.2		5.1		0.7	0.8	³	1.1	⁷	1.1	⁷	1.0		1.1		0.1		1.2
Ireland	4.7	4.1		4.3	4.3	4.4	4.4	0.2	4.7	3.3	2.9	⁴	3.3		3.3		3.4		3.4		0.1		3.5		0.9	1.2	⁴	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0		0.2		1.2
Italy	4.5	4.5		4.4	4.3	4.6	4.1	0.4	4.5	3.2	3.2		3.3		3.2		3.4		3.0		0.1		3.1		0.7	0.7		0.7		0.6		0.7		0.6		0.3		0.9

Japan	3.6	3.5		3.5	3.4	3.3	3.3	1.6	4.9	2.8	2.7	⁷	2.7	⁷	2.6	⁷	2.6	⁷	2.5	⁷	0.3	⁷	2.8	⁷	0.4	0.5	⁷	0.5	⁷	0.5	⁷	0.5	⁷	0.5	⁷	1.0	⁷	1.5	⁷
Korea, Republic of	3.6	4.3		4.4	4.3	4.5	4.2	2.8	7.0	3.0	3.3		3.5		3.4		3.4		3.1		0.8		4.0		0.3	0.6		0.5		0.6		0.6		0.6		1.9		2.4
Luxembourg	4.3	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	4.2	—		3.8	⁶	3.7	⁶	3.3	⁶	3.1	⁶	—		—		0.1	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Mexico	4.6	4.7		5.2	5.3	4.6	4.7	1.1	5.7	3.4	3.3		3.6		3.7		3.2		3.1		0.6		3.8		0.8	0.8		0.9		0.9		0.8		0.9		0.3		1.2
Netherlands	4.6	4.3		4.6	4.6	4.8	4.7	0.8	5.6	3.0	3.0		3.3		3.3		3.3		3.3		0.4		3.7		1.1	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.1		1.1		0.4		1.5

New Zealand	5.3	5.8		5.6	5.2	5.0	4.8	1.2	5.9	3.8	4.6		4.4		4.0		3.8		3.5		0.6		4.0		1.1	0.9		0.9		0.9		0.9		1.0		0.5		1.5
Norway	6.8	5.8		6.2	5.7	5.4	5.4	—	—	4.1	3.6		4.2		3.8		3.7		3.7		—		—		1.5	1.2		1.4		1.3		1.2		1.2		—		—
Poland	5.2	5.2	³	5.4	5.4	5.2	4.8	0.5	5.3	3.3	3.7	³	3.7		3.7		3.7		3.4		—		3.4		0.8	0.8	³	1.1		1.2		0.9		0.9		0.4		1.3
Portugal	5.4	5.6	³	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.1	0.5	5.6	4.1	4.1	³	3.8		3.8		3.6		3.5		—		3.5		1.0	1.0	³	0.9		0.9		0.9		1.1		0.5		1.6
Slovak Republic	4.6	4.0	³	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.4	0.5	4.0	—	2.7	^3,4,8	2.6	⁸	2.5	⁸	2.4	⁸	2.3	⁸	0.3	⁸	2.5	⁸	—	0.7	^3,4,8	0.9	⁸	0.7	⁸	0.8	⁸	0.7	⁸	0.2	⁸	0.9	⁸

Spain	4.8	4.3		4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	0.6	4.8	3.5	3.1		2.8		2.7		2.7		2.7		0.2		2.9		0.8	0.9		0.9		0.9		0.9		0.9		0.2		1.1
Sweden	6.6	6.3		6.5	6.2	6.2	6.1	0.2	6.3	4.4	4.4	⁴	4.5		4.2		4.1		4.1		—		4.1		1.6	1.5	⁴	1.6		1.5		1.4		1.4		0.2		1.6
Switzerland	5.5	5.3		5.9	5.6	5.4	5.1	—	—	4.1	3.8		3.9		3.9		3.7		3.5		0.5		4.0		1.1	1.2		1.6		1.4		1.4		1.3		—		—
Turkey	2.2	3.4	³	3.8	—	2.7	—	—	—	1.4	2.4	³	2.9		—		1.9		—		—		—		0.8	1.0	³	0.9		—		0.8		—		—		—
United Kingdom	4.6	4.5		5.0	5.0	5.2	5.2	0.6	5.8	3.8	3.4		3.8		3.8		3.9		4.1		0.1		4.2		0.7	0.7		0.8		0.9		0.9		0.7		0.6		1.3
United States	5.0	4.8		5.1	4.8	5.0	5.0	2.6	7.6	3.5	3.5	⁵	3.7		3.5		3.7		3.7		0.3		4.0		1.1	0.9	⁵	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0		2.1		3.1

Reporting partner countries
Brazil	—	—		3.9	4.4	4.9	5.2	—	—	—	—		2.9	⁸	3.3		3.8		4.0		—		—		—	—		0.7	⁸	0.8		0.8		0.8		—		—
Estonia	—	—		4.9	4.7	4.6	4.7	0.3	5.0	—	—		3.7		3.5		3.4		3.3		—		3.3		—	—		0.9		0.9		0.9		1.1		0.2		1.3
Israel	—	6.6		6.6	6.2	6.2	5.9	1.6	7.4	—	4.5		4.4		4.2		4.1		3.9		0.3		4.1		—	1.1		1.1		1.0		1.0		1.0		0.8		1.8
Russian Federation	3.4	3.0	³	3.6	3.8	3.9	6.1	1.3	7.4	1.9	1.7		2.0		1.9		2.0		3.4		0.1		3.5		0.7	0.5		0.7		0.8		0.8		1.0		0.7		1.7
Slovenia	—	—		5.4	5.3	5.3	4.8	0.7	5.6	—	—		3.9		3.9		3.8		3.3		0.4		3.6		—	—		1.1		1.0		1.0		1.0		0.3		1.3

—Not available.

¹ Includes public subsidies to households attributable for educational institutions and direct expenditure on educational institutions from international sources, except where noted.

² Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally.

³ Public subsidies to households not included in public expenditure.

⁴ Direct expenditure on education institutions from international sources exceeds 1.5 percent of all public expenditure.

⁵ Postsecondary non-higher-education included in higher education.

⁶ Preprimary education (for children ages 3 and older) is included in primary and secondary education.

⁷ Postsecondary non-higher-education included in both secondary and higher education.

⁸ Occupation-specific education corresponding to that offered at the associate's degree level in the United States is included in primary and secondary education.

NOTE: Public direct expenditure on education includes both amounts spent directly by governments to hire educational personnel and to procure other resources, and amounts provided by governments to public or private institutions, or households. Private direct expenditure includes the net of public subsidies to households for educational institutions. Postsecondary non-higher-education is included in primary and secondary education unless otherwise noted. All institutions total includes expenditures that could not be reported by level of education. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database; Annual National Accounts, Vol. 1, 1997; and Education at a Glance, 2007 through 2010. (This table was prepared June 2010.)

2010 Tables and Figures

All Years of Tables and Figures

Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

Download Excel Excel format

(502KB)