Table 404.

Selected population and enrollment statistics for countries with populations over 10 million in 2008, by continent: Selected years, 1990 through 2008

Country1	Midyear population (in millions)			Persons per square kilo- meter, 2008	First level2												Second level3												Third level4
					Enrollment (in thousands)						Gross enrollment ratio5						Enrollment (in thousands)						Gross enrollment ratio5						Enrollment (in thousands)						Gross enrollment ratio5
	1990	2000	2008		1989-90		1999-2000		2007-08		1989-90		1999-2000		2007-08		1989-90		1999-2000		2007-08		1989-90		1999-2000		2007-08		1989-90		1999-2000		2007-08		1989-90		1999-2000		2007-08
	1	2	3	4	5	6		7		8		9		10		11		12		13		14		15		16		17		18		19		20		21		22		23
	World total6	5,289	6,089	6,701	53	596,853		649,189	7	696,347	7	99		99	7	107	7	315,008		450,406		525,665	7	52		60		67	7	68,613		98,599		158,713	7	14		19		26	7
Africa
Algeria8	25	30	34	14	4,189		4,843		3,942		100		108		108		2,176		—		—		61		—		—		286		—		—		11		—		—
Angola	8	10	13	10	990		—		3,932		92		—		128		186		355		—		12		14		—		7		—		—		1		—		—
Burkina Faso	8	12	15	56	504		852		1,742		33		45		73		99		190		424		7		10		18		5		11	7	42		1		1	7	3
Cameroon	12	15	18	39	1,964		2,237	9	3,201		101		86	9	111		500		700		1,128		28		27		37		33		66	7	148		3		4	7	8
Chad	6	8	10	8	525		914		1,496		54		66		83		60	10	137		—		8	10	11		—		3	11,12	6		19		1	11,12	1		2
Cote d'Ivoire	12	17	20	64	1,415		1,944		2,356		67		73		74		361		620	7	—		22		23	7	—		30	13	104	7	—		—		6	7	—
Democratic Rep. of the Congo	39	52	67	29	4,562		—		9,973		70		—		90		1,097	13	—		3,129	14	21	13	—		35	14	80		—		306		2		—		5
Egypt8	55	65	77	78	6,964		7,947	7	—		94		93	7	—		5,507		8,028	7	—		76		76	7	—		628	15,16	—		2,488		16	15,16	—		28
Ethiopia	48	64	83	83	2,466		5,847		12,742		33		55		98		866		1,195		3,696		14		14		33		34		68		265		1		1		4
Ghana8	15	20	23	103	1,945		2,561		3,625		75		83		105		—		1,057		1,724		36		40		55		10	11	—		—		1	11	—		—
Kenya8	23	31	38	67	5,392		5,035		6,869		95		95		112		618	10	1,909		3,107		24	10	39		58		35	11	89		—		2	11	3		—
Madagascar	12	16	20	35	1,571		2,208		4,020		103		104		152		323	10	—		945		18	10	—		30		36		32		62		3		2		3
Malawi	10	12	15	155	1,401		2,695		3,198		68		135		120		61		487		636		8		31		29		5		4		—		1		—		—
Mali	8	11	13	11	395		1,017		1,823		26		59		91		84		258	7	612		7		18	7	35		5		20		68		1		2		5
Morocco8	24	28	31	69	2,484		3,670		3,879		67		92		107		1,194		1,541		—		35		38		—		256		276		401		11		9		12
Mozambique8	13	18	21	27	1,260		2,544		4,904		67		75		114		160		124		512		8		6		21		5	12	12		—		#	12	1		—
Niger	8	11	15	12	369		579		1,389		29		32		58		77		106	7	232		7		7	7	11		—		—		13		1		—		1
Nigeria8	97	123	146	161	13,607		19,151		—		91		95		—		2,908		4,290	7	—		25		25	7	—		208	11,17	—		—		4	11,17	—		—
Rwanda	7	8	10	423	1,100		1,432		2,190		70		105		151		70		130		288		8		11		22		2	18	12	7	45		#	18	2	7	4
Senegal	7	9	12	61	708		1,108		1,618		59		68		84		—		250		593		16		16		31		19		—		91	14	3		—		8	14
South Africa	38	45	49	40	6,952		7,445		—		122		106		—		2,742		4,142		—		74		86		—		439	19	—		—		13	19	—		—
Sudan8	26	34	42	18	2,043		2,567		4,352		53		47		69		732		980		1,580		24		25		33		60	15	204	7	—		3	15	6	7	—
Tunisia	8	10	10	67	1,406		1,414		1,036		113		115		107		565		1,104	7	1,259		45		76	7	92		69		180		351		9		19		34
Uganda	17	24	31	159	2,470	20,21	6,559		7,964		74	20,21	127		120		245	10,21	547		1,145		13	10,21	16		25		18		56		108		1		3		4
United Republic of Tanzania	25	34	40	45	3,379		4,382		8,602		70		68		110		167		—		—		5		—		—		7	13	—		—		#	13	—		—
Zambia	8	10	13	17	1,461		1,590		2,909		99		82		119		190		276		646		24		24		46		15		25	7	—		2		2	7	—
Zimbabwe	10	12	11	29	2,116		2,461		—		116		100		—		661		844		—		50		43		—		49		49	7	—		5		4	7	—
Asia
Afghanistan8	13	22	28	42	623		749		4,888		27		22		106		182		—		—		9		—		—		24		—		—		2		—		—
Bangladesh	112	132	151	1,162	11,940		—		16,002	14	72		—		92	14	3,593		10,329		—		19		44		—		434		727		—		4		5		—
Cambodia	9	12	14	79	1,330		2,248		2,341		121		102		116		264		351		—		32		18		—		7		22		123		1		2		7
China	1,148	1,264	1,317	138	122,414		—		105,951		125		—		113		52,386		81,488		101,448		49		61		76		3,822		7,364		26,692		3		8		23
India	838	1,006	1,141	384	99,118		113,613		—		97		94		—		54,180	10	71,031		—		44	10	46		—		4,951		9,404		—		6		10		—
Indonesia	182	214	238	131	29,754		28,202	7	29,498		115		113	7	119		10,965		14,264	7	18,315		44		56	7	74		1,773	13	—		4,420		9	13	—		21
Iran, Islamic Republic of	58	69	75	49	9,370		8,288		7,028		112		109		128		5,085		9,955		8,187		55		82		80		312	15	1,405		3,392		10	15	18		36
Iraq	18	23	28	65	3,328		3,639		—		111		94		—		1,024	10	1,224		—		47	10	37		—		170	18	289		—		12	18	12		—
Japan	124	127	127	349	9,373		7,529		7,166		100		100		102		11,026		8,782		7,356		97		101		101		2,899	13	3,982		3,939		30	13	48		58
Kazakhstan	16	15	15	6	1,197		1,208		956		87		97		108		2,144		2,003		1,778		98		93		92		537		370		720		40		28		47
Korea, North (DPR)	20	21	23	187	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Korea, South (Republic of)	43	47	48	499	4,869		4,030		3,680		105		101		105		4,560		3,959		3,959		90		97		97		1,691		3,003		3,204		39		78		98
Malaysia	18	23	27	83	2,456		3,026		—		94		97		—		1,456		2,205		—		56		65		—		121		549		—		7		26		—
Myanmar	40	47	52	80	5,385		4,858		5,110		106		103		117		1,281		2,268		2,829		23		38		53		196	13	—		—		4	13	—		—
Nepal8	19	25	28	197	2,789		3,780	9	4,419		108		118	9	—		709		1,348		2,305		33		35		—		94		94		—		5		4		—
Pakistan	119	152	178	232	11,451	22	13,987	14	18,176		61	22	69	14	85		4,345		—		9,340		23		—		33		—		—		974	14	3		—		5	14
Philippines	65	81	96	322	10,427		—		13,411		111		—		110		4,034		—		6,509		73		—		82		1,709		—		2,651		28		—		29
Saudi Arabia	16	21	25	12	1,877		—		3,211		73		—		98		893		—		2,885		44		—		95		154		404		667		12		22		30
Sri Lanka8	17	19	21	327	2,112		—		1,631		106		—		101		2,082		—		—		74		—		—		55	13,23	—		—		5	13,23	—		—
Syrian Arab Republic	13	16	21	116	2,452		2,775		2,356		108		104		124		914		1,069		2,626		52		41		74		222		—		—		18		—		—
Taiwan	20	22	23	711	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Thailand	55	62	66	130	6,957		6,101		5,565		99		94		93		2,230		—		4,729		30		—		74		1,156	12	1,900		2,430		19	12	37		45
Turkey	57	67	76	99	6,862		6,562		6,760		99		98		99		3,808		5,658		6,709		47		70		82		750		1,588	7	2,533		13		23	7	38
Uzbekistan	21	25	27	64	1,778		2,602		2,071		81		99		93		3,295		3,566		4,497		99		88		101		603		305		299		30		13		10
Vietnam	67	79	88	282	8,862		10,063		6,872		103		106		—		3,236		7,926		9,543		32		65		—		130		732		1,655		2		10		—
Yemen	12	17	22	42	2,679	17	2,464	7	3,282		79	17	74	7	85		212	17	1,151	7	—		23	17	43	7	—		53	13	173	7	—		4	13	10	7	—
Europe
Belgium	10	10	10	344	719		774		733		101		106		103		769		1,058		817		103		146		108		276		356		402		40		58		63
Czech Republic	10	10	10	132	546		645		460		96		103		103		1,268		958		904		91		88		95		118	24	254		395		16	24	29		59
France	58	61	64	100	4,149		3,885		4,139		108		105		110		5,522		5,929		5,899		99		109		113		1,699		2,015		2,165		40		53		55
Germany25	79	82	82	236	3,431		3,656		3,236		101		106		105		7,398		8,307		7,907		98		99		102		2,049		—		—		34		—		—
Greece	10	11	11	82	813		645		—		98		96		—		851		739		—		93		89		—		283		422		—		36		51		—
Italy8	57	58	58	198	3,056		2,836		—		103		103		—		5,118		4,404		—		83		93		—		1,452		1,770		—		32		49		—
Netherlands8	15	16	17	491	1,082		1,279		1,286		102		108		107		1,402		1,379		1,461		120		123		121		479		488		602		40		52		61
Poland8	38	39	39	127	5,189		3,319		—		98		99		—		1,888		3,988		—		81		100		—		545		1,580		—		22		50		—
Portugal	10	10	11	117	1,020		811		—		123		124		—		670		831		—		67		107		—		186		374		—		23		48		—
Romania8	23	22	22	96	1,253		1,189		865		91		103		100		2,838		2,226		1,934		92		81		92		193		453		1,057		10		24		66
Russian Federation	148	147	141	14	7,596		6,138		4,969		109		106		97		13,956		—		10,087		93		—		85		5,100		—		9,446		52		—		77
Spain8	39	41	46	92	2,820		2,540		2,625		109		105		107		4,755		3,246		3,069		104		111		120		1,222		1,829		1,781		37		59		71
Ukraine8	52	49	46	79	3,991		2,079		1,573		89		109		98		3,408		5,204		3,499		93		99		94		1,652		1,812		2,848		47		49		79
United Kingdom8	57	59	62	255	4,533		4,632		4,465		104		101		106		4,336		5,315		5,356		85		102		99		1,258		2,024		2,329		30		58		57
North America
Canada	28	31	33	4	2,376		2,456		—		103		99		—		2,292		2,519		—		101		103		—		1,917		1,212		—		95		59		—
Cuba	11	11	11	104	888		1,046		871		98		111		102		1,002		790		866		89		79		91		242		159		987		21		22		122
Guatemala	9	11	13	121	1,165		1,909		2,501		78		104		114		295	13	504		903		23	13	38		57		70	12	—		—		8	12	—		—
Mexico	85	100	110	57	14,402		14,766		14,699		114		111		114		6,704		9,094		11,444		53		73		90		1,311		1,963		2,623		15		20		27
United States	250	282	304	33	22,429		24,973		24,677		102		100		99		19,270		22,594		24,693		93		93		94		13,819		13,203		18,248		75		68		83
South America
Argentina	33	37	40	15	4,965		4,728		—		106		115		—		2,160		3,428		—		71		88		—		1,008	13	1,767	7	—		38	13	53	7	—
Brazil	151	176	196	23	28,944		20,212		17,812		106		151		127		3,499		26,097		23,646		38		104		101		1,540	26	2,781		5,958		11	26	16		34
Chile	13	15	16	22	1,991		1,799		—		100		100		—		720		1,391		—		73		83		—		262	13	452		—		21	13	37		—
Colombia	33	39	43	39	4,247		5,221		5,286		102		119		120		2,378	13	3,569		4,772		50	13	72		91		487		934		1,487		13		24		35
Ecuador	10	12	14	52	1,846		1,925		2,041	7	116		115		118	7	786	27	917		1,247	7	55	27	57		76	7	207		—		535		20		—		42
Peru	22	26	29	23	3,855		4,338		3,855		118		122		109		1,698		2,374		2,609		67		85		89		678		—		—		30		—		—
Venezuela	19	23	26	30	4,053		3,328		3,439		96		102		103		281		1,543		2,224		35		59		81		550		668		2,109		29		28		79
Oceania
Australia8	17	19	21	3	1,583		1,906		1,978		108		101		106		1,278		2,589		2,538		82		162		149		485	28	845		1,118		36	28	65		77

—Not available.

#Rounds to zero.

1 Selection based on total population for midyear 2008.

2 First-level enrollment consists of elementary school, typically corresponding to grades 1–6 in the United States.

3 Second-level enrollment includes general education, teacher training (at the second level), and technical and vocational education. This level generally corresponds to secondary education in the United States, grades 7–12.

4 Third-level enrollment includes college and university enrollment, and technical and vocational education beyond the secondary school level.

5 Data represent the total enrollment of all ages in the school level divided by the population of the specific age groups that correspond to the school level. Adjustments have been made for the varying lengths of first and second level programs. Ratios may exceed 100 because some countries have many students from outside the normal age range.

6 Enrollment totals and ratios exclude Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Data do not include adult education or special education provided outside regular schools.

7 Estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

8 Classification or data coverage of levels has been revised. Data by level may not be comparable over time.

9 Policy change in 1999-2000: introduction of free universal primary education.

10 General education enrollment only. Excludes teacher training and vocational education enrollments.

11 Excludes nonuniversity institutions (such as teacher training colleges and technical colleges) and excludes distance-learning universities.

12 Data for 1992-93.

13 Data for 1991-92.

14 National estimation.

15 Excludes private institutions.

16 Data refer to universities and exclude Al Azhar.

17 Data for 1993-94.

18 Data for 1985-86.

19 Not including the former Independent States of Transke, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei.

20 Estimated.

21 Data refer to government aided and maintained schools only.

22 Includes preprimary education.

23 Excludes some nonuniversity institutions.

24 Includes full-time students only.

25 Data include both former East and West Germany.

26 Not including former ISCED level 7.

27 Including vocational education.

28 Data do not include Vocational Education and Training Institutes (VETS).

NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Statistical Yearbook, 1999; unpublished tabulations; and tables 3B, 5, and 14, retrieved June 30, 2010, from http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, International Data Base, retrieved June 30, 2010, from http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/region.php. (This table was prepared July 2010.)