List of Tables by Chapter

Chapter 2. Elementary and Secondary Education

• Enrollment
• Private Elementary and Secondary Schools
• Teachers and Other Staff
• Schools and School Districts
• High School Completers and Dropouts
• Educational Achievement
• Student Activities and Behavior
• State Regulations
• Revenues and Expenditures

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Enrollment

Table 33.	Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Selected years, 1869-70 through 2006-07
Table 34.	Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 1990 through fall 2009
Table 35.	Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2007
Table 36.	Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2006
Table 37.	Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade: Selected years, fall 1980 through fall 2007
Table 38.	Number and percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through 12th grade, by selected child, parent, and household characteristics: 1999, 2003, and 2007
Table 39.	Percentage distribution of students ages 5 through 17 attending kindergarten through 12th grade, by school type or participation in homeschooling and selected child, parent, and household characteristics: 1999, 2003, and 2007
Table 40.	Average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1969-70 through 2006-07
Table 41.	Percentage distribution of enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by race/ethnicity and state or jurisdiction: Fall 1997 and fall 2007
Table 42.	Number and percentage of public school students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, by state: 2000-01, 2005-06, 2006-07, and 2007-08
Table 43.	Enrollment of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs, by level of program, control of program, and attendance status: Selected years, 1965 through 2008
Table 44.	Number of children under 6 years old and not yet enrolled in kindergarten, percentage in center-based programs, average weekly hours in nonparental care, and percentage in various types of primary care arrangements, by selected child and family characteristics
Table 45.	Child care arrangements of 3- to 5-year-old children who are not yet in kindergarten, by age and race/ethnicity: Various years, 1991 through 2005
Table 46.	Percentage distribution of children at about 2 and 4 years of age, by type of child care arrangement and selected child and family characteristics: 2003-04 and 2005-06
Table 47.	Percentage distribution of quality rating of child care arrangements of children at about 4 years of age, by type of arrangement and selected child and family characteristics: 2005-06
Table 48.	Children of prekindergarten through second-grade age, by enrollment status, selected maternal characteristics, and household income: 1995, 2001, and 2005
Table 49.	Number of 3- to 5-year-olds not yet enrolled in kindergarten and percentage participating in home literacy activities with a family member, by type and frequency of activity and selected child and family characteristics: 1993, 2001, and 2007
Table 50.	Children 3 to 21 years old served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, by type of disability: Selected years, 1976-77 through 2007-08
Table 51.	Percentage distribution of students 6 to 21 years old served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, by educational environment and type of disability: Selected years, fall 1989 through fall 2007
Table 52.	Number and percentage of children served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, by age group and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1990-91 through 2007-08
Table 53.	Number of gifted and talented students in public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2004 and 2006
Table 54.	Percentage of gifted and talented students in public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2004 and 2006
Table 55.	Enrollment in grades 9 through 12 in public and private schools compared with population 14 through 17 years of age: Selected years, 1889-90 through fall 2009
Table 56.	Enrollment in foreign language courses compared with enrollment in grades 9 through 12 in public secondary schools: Selected years, fall 1948 through fall 2000
Table 57.	Percentage of public school districts and schools with students enrolled in technology-based distance education courses and number of enrollments in such courses, by instructional level and district characteristics: 2002-03 and 2004-05

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Private Elementary and Secondary Schools

Table 58.	Number and percentage distribution of private elementary and secondary students, teachers, and schools, by orientation of school and selected school and student characteristics: Fall 2007
Table 59.	Private elementary and secondary enrollment, number of schools, and average tuition, by school level, orientation, and tuition: 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007-08
Table 60.	Private elementary and secondary school full-time-equivalent staff and student to full-time-equivalent staff ratios, by orientation of school, school level, and type of staff: 2007-08
Table 61.	Enrollment and instructional staff in Catholic elementary and secondary schools, by level: Selected years, 1919-20 through 2008-09
Table 62.	Private elementary and secondary schools, enrollment, teachers, and high school graduates, by state: Selected years, 1997 through 2007

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Teachers and Other Staff

Table 63.	Public elementary and secondary pupil/teacher ratios, by school size, type, percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, locale, and level of school: Fall 1987 through fall 2007
Table 64.	Public and private elementary and secondary teachers, enrollment, and pupil/teacher ratios: Selected years, fall 1955 through fall 2018
Table 65.	Public elementary and secondary teachers, by level and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 2000 through fall 2007
Table 66.	Teachers, enrollment, and pupil/teacher ratios in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 2000 through fall 2007
Table 67.	Highest degree earned, years of full-time teaching experience, and average class size for teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 2007-08
Table 68.	Highest degree earned and years of full-time teaching experience for teachers in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected teacher characteristics: 1999-2000, 2003-04, and 2007-08
Table 69.	Selected characteristics of public school teachers: Selected years, spring 1961 through spring 2001
Table 70.	Percentage of public school teachers of grades 9 through 12, by field of main teaching assignment and selected demographic and educational characteristics: 2007-08
Table 71.	Percentage of teachers indicating that certain issues are serious problems in their schools and that certain problems occur daily, by level and control of school: Selected years, 1987-88 through 2007-08
Table 72.	Teachers' perceptions about teaching and school conditions, by control and level of school: Selected years, 1993-94 through 2007-08
Table 73.	Mobility of public and private elementary and secondary teachers, by selected teacher and school characteristics: Selected years, 1987-88 through 2004-05
Table 74.	Average base salary for full-time teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by highest degree earned and years of full-time teaching: 1990-91 through 2007-08
Table 75.	Average salaries for full-time teachers in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected characteristics: 2007-08
Table 76.	Average base salary for full-time public elementary and secondary school teachers with a bachelor's degree as their highest degree, by years of full-time teaching experience and state: 1993-94, 1999-2000, 2003-04, and 2007-08
Table 77.	Average base salary for full-time public elementary and secondary school teachers with a master's degree as their highest degree, by years of full-time teaching experience and state: 1993-1994, 1999-2000, 2003-04, and 2007-08
Table 78.	Estimated average annual salary of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, 1959-60 through 2008-09
Table 79.	Estimated average annual salary of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1969-70 through 2008-09
Table 80.	Staff employed in public elementary and secondary school systems, by functional area: Selected years, 1949-50 through fall 2007
Table 81.	Staff employed in public elementary and secondary school systems, by type of assignment and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2007
Table 82.	Staff employed in public elementary and secondary school systems, by type of assignment and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2006
Table 83.	Staff and teachers in public elementary and secondary school systems, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 2000 through fall 2007
Table 84.	Staff, enrollment, and pupil/staff ratios in public elementary and secondary school systems, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 2000 through fall 2007
Table 85.	Number, highest degree, experience, and salaries of principals in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected characteristics: 1993-94, 2003-04, and 2007-08

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Schools and School Districts

Table 86.	Number of public school districts and public and private elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, 1869-70 through 2007-08
Table 87.	Number and enrollment of regular public school districts, by enrollment size of district: Selected years, 1979-80 through 2007-08
Table 88.	Number of public elementary and secondary education agencies, by type of agency and state or jurisdiction: 2006-07 and 2007-08
Table 89.	Public elementary and secondary students, schools, pupil/teacher ratios, and finances, by type of locale: 2006-07 and 2007-08
Table 90.	Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2005-06, and 2007
Table 91.	Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2006–07 and fiscal year 2009
Table 92.	Enrollment, poverty, and federal funds for the 100 largest school districts, by enrollment size in 2007: Fall 2007, 2006-07, and fiscal year 2009
Table 93.	Public elementary and secondary schools, by type of school: Selected years, 1967-68 through 2007-08
Table 94.	Number and percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary schools and enrollment, by type and enrollment size of school: 2005-06, 2006-07, and 2007-08
Table 95.	Average enrollment and percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary schools, by type and size: Selected years, 1982-83 through 2007-08
Table 96.	Public elementary and secondary school students, by racial/ethnic enrollment concentration of school: Fall 1995, fall 2000, and fall 2007
Table 97.	Public elementary and secondary schools, by type and state or jurisdiction: 1990-91, 2000-01, and 2007-08
Table 98.	Public elementary schools, by grade span, average school size, and state or jurisdiction: 2007-08
Table 99.	Public secondary schools, by grade span, average school size, and state or jurisdiction: 2007-08
Table 100.	Number and enrollment of traditional public and public charter elementary and secondary schools and percentages of students, teachers, and schools, by selected characteristics: 2007-08
Table 101.	Percentage of public schools with permanent and portable (temporary) buildings and with environmental factors that interfere with instruction in classrooms, by selected school characteristics, type of factor, and extent of interference: 2005
Table 102.	Percentage of public schools with enrollment under, at, or over capacity, by selected school characteristics: 1999 and 2005

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High School Completers and Dropouts

Table 103.	High school graduates, by sex and control of school: Selected years, 1869-70 through 2018-19
Table 104.	Public high school graduates, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1980-81 through 2007-08
Table 105.	Averaged freshman graduation rates for public secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1990-91 through 2006-07
Table 106.	Public high school graduates and dropouts, by race/ethnicity and state or jurisdiction: 2006-07
Table 107.	General Educational Development (GED) test takers and test passers, by age: 1971 through 2008
Table 108.	Percentage of high school dropouts among persons 16 through 24 years old (status dropout rate), by sex and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1960 through 2008
Table 109.	Percentage of high school dropouts among persons 16 through 24 years old (status dropout rate), by income level, and percentage distribution of status dropouts, by labor force status and educational attainment: 1970 through 2008
Table 110.	Number of 14- through 21-year-old students served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, who exited school, by exit reason, age, and type of disability: United States and other jurisdictions, 2005-06 and 2006-07

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Educational Achievement

Table 111.	Percentage of children demonstrating specific cognitive and motor skills at about 9 months of age, by child's age and selected characteristics: 2001-02
Table 112.	Percentage of children demonstrating specific mental skills, physical skills, and secure emotional attachment to parents at about 2 years of age, by selected characteristics: 2003-04
Table 113.	Children's specific language, literacy, mathematics, color knowledge, and fine motor skills at about 4 years of age, by age of child and selected characteristics: 2005-06
Table 114.	Mean reading scale scores and specific reading skills of fall 1998 first-time kindergartners, by time of assessment and selected characteristics: Selected years, fall 1998 through spring 2007
Table 115.	Mean mathematics and science scale scores and specific mathematics skills of fall 1998 first-time kindergartners, by time of assessment and selected characteristics: Selected years, fall 1998 through spring 2007
Table 116.	Average reading scale score, by age and selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 1971 through 2008
Table 117.	Average reading scale score, by sex, grade, race/ethnicity, and percentile: Selected years, 1992 through 2007
Table 118.	Average reading scale scores and percentage distribution of 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds, by amount of reading for school, frequency of reading for fun, and time spent doing homework and watching TV/video: Selected years, 1984 through 2008
Table 119.	Percentage of students at or above selected reading score levels, by age, sex, and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1971 through 2008
Table 120.	Average reading scale score and percentage of 4th-graders in public schools attaining reading achievement levels, by race/ethnicity and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1992 through 2007
Table 121.	Average reading scale score and percentage of 8th-graders in public schools attaining reading achievement levels, by locale and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1998 through 2007
Table 122.	Percentage distribution of 4th- and 8th-grade public school students, students' average reading scale scores, and percentage of students at or above selected reading achievement levels, by jurisdiction or specific urban district and race/ethnicity: 2007
Table 123.	Average reading scale scores of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders, by selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 1992 through 2007
Table 124.	Average reading scale scores of 4th- and 8th-graders in public schools and percentage scoring at or above selected reading achievement levels, by English language learner (ELL) status and state or jurisdiction: 2007
Table 125.	Average writing scale score and percentage of students attaining writing achievement levels, by selected student characteristics and grade level: 2002 and 2007
Table 126.	Average arts scale score of 8th-graders, percentage distribution by frequency of instruction, and percentage participating in selected activities, by subject and selected student and school characteristics: 2008
Table 127.	Percentage of students attaining U.S. history achievement levels, by grade level and selected student characteristics: 2001 and 2006
Table 128.	Average U.S. history scale score, by grade level and selected student characteristics, and percentage distribution of 12th-graders, by selected student characteristics: 1994, 2001, 2006
Table 129.	Average civics scale score and percentage of students attaining civics achievement levels, by grade level and selected student characteristics: 1998 and 2006
Table 130.	Average economics scale score of 12th-graders, percentage attaining economics achievement levels, and percentage with different levels of economics coursework, by selected student and school characteristics: 2006
Table 131.	Percentage of students attaining geography achievement levels, by grade level and selected student characteristics: 2001
Table 132.	Average mathematics scale score, by age and selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 1973 through 2008
Table 133.	Percentage of students at or above selected mathematics proficiency levels, by age, sex, and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1978 through 2008
Table 134.	Mathematics performance of 17-year-olds, by highest mathematics course taken, sex, and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1978 through 2008
Table 135.	Average mathematics scale score of 4th-grade public school students and percentages attaining mathematics achievement levels and having 5 or more hours of mathematics instruction per week, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1992 through 2009
Table 136.	Average mathematics scale score of 8th-grade public school students and percentage attaining mathematics achievement levels, by level of parental education and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1990 through 2009
Table 137.	Percentage distribution of 4th- and 8th-grade public school students, students' average mathematics scale scores, and percentage of students at or above selected mathematics achievement levels, by jurisdiction or specific urban district and race/ethnicity
Table 138.	Average mathematics scale scores of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders, by selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 1990 through 2009
Table 139.	Average mathematics scale score of 8th-graders and percentage reporting various attitudes toward mathematics work, by frequency of attitude and selected student and school characteristics: 2007
Table 140.	Average science scale scores and percentage of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders attaining science achievement levels, by selected student characteristics and percentile: 1996, 2000, and 2005
Table 141.	Average science scale score for 8th-graders in public schools, by selected student characteristics and state or jurisdiction: 1996, 2000, and 2005
Table 142.	Average science scale score of 12th-graders and percentage reporting various attitudes toward science, by selected student and school characteristics: 2005
Table 143.	SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1986-87 through 2008-09
Table 144.	SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, by sex: 1966-67 through 2008-09
Table 145.	SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, by selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1995-96 through 2008-09
Table 146.	SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors and percentage of graduates taking SAT, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1987-88 through 2008-09
Table 147.	ACT score averages and standard deviations, by sex and race/ethnicity, and percentage of ACT test takers, by selected composite score ranges and planned fields of study: Selected years, 1995 through 2009
Table 148.	Percentage distribution of elementary and secondary school children, by average grades and selected child and school characteristics: 1996, 2003, and 2007

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Coursetaking

Table 149.	Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in various subject fields, by selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1982 through 2005
Table 150.	Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in career/technical education courses, by selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1982 through 2005
Table 151.	Percentage of public and private high school graduates taking selected mathematics and science courses in high school, by sex and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1982 through 2005
Table 152.	Percentage distribution of public and private high school graduates, by highest level of mathematics and science course completed and selected student characteristics: 2003-04
Table 153.	Percentage of public and private high school graduates earning minimum credits in selected combinations of academic courses, by sex and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1982 through 2005
Table 154.	Public high schools that offered and students enrolled in dual credit, Advanced Placement, and International Baccalaureate courses, by school characteristics: 2003

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Student Activities and Behavior

Table 155.	Percentage of high school seniors who say they engage in various activities, by selected student and school characteristics: 1992 and 2004
Table 156.	Percentage of high school seniors who participate in various school-sponsored extracurricular activities, by selected student characteristics: 1994 and 2004
Table 157.	Percentage of elementary and secondary school students who do homework outside of school, whose parents check that homework is done, and whose parents help with homework, by frequency and selected student and school characteristics: 2003 and 2007
Table 158.	Tenth-graders' attendance patterns, by selected student and school characteristics: 1990 and 2002
Table 159.	Number and percentage of public schools reporting crime incidents, and number and rate of incidents, by school characteristics and type of incident: 1999-2000, 2005-06, and 2007-08
Table 160.	Percentage of schools with various security measures, by school control and selected characteristics: 2007-08
Table 161.	Number of students suspended and expelled from public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2006
Table 162.	Percentage of students suspended and expelled from public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2006
Table 163.	Percentage of students in grades 9 through 12 who reported experience with drugs and violence on school property, by race/ethnicity, grade, and sex: Selected years, 1997 through 2007
Table 164.	Percentage of 12- to 17-year-olds reporting use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes during the past 30 days and the past year, by substance used, sex, and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1982 through 2007
Table 165.	Percentage of high school seniors reporting drug use, by type of drug and reporting period: Selected years, 1975 through 2008

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State Regulations

Table 166.	Age range for compulsory school attendance and special education services, and policies on year-round schools and kindergarten programs, by state: Selected years, 1997 through 2008
Table 167.	Minimum amount of instructional time per year and policy on textbook selection, by state: 2000, 2006, and 2008
Table 168.	Credit requirements and exit exam requirements for a standard high school diploma and the use of other high school completion credentials, by state: 2008 and 2009
Table 169.	States that use criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) aligned to state standards, by subject area and level: 2006-07
Table 170.	States using minimum-competency testing, by grade levels assessed, expected uses of standards, and state or jurisdiction: 2001-02
Table 171.	States requiring testing for initial certification of elementary and secondary teachers, by skills or knowledge assessment and state: 2008 and 2009

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Revenues and Expenditures

Table 172.	Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source of funds: Selected years, 1919-20 through 2006-07
Table 173.	Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state or jurisdiction: 2006-07
Table 174.	Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state or jurisdiction: 2005-06
Table 175.	Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose: Selected years, 1919-20 through 2006-07
Table 176.	Students transported at public expense and current expenditures for transportation: Selected years, 1929-30 through 2006-07
Table 177.	Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1969-70 through 2006-07
Table 178.	Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2006-07
Table 179.	Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2005-06
Table 180.	Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and subfunction: Selected years, 1990-91 through 2006-07
Table 181.	Expenditures for instruction in public elementary and secondary schools, by subfunction and state or jurisdiction: 2005-06 and 2006-07
Table 182.	Total and current expenditures per pupil in public elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, 1919-20 through 2006-07
Table 183.	Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2006-07
Table 184.	Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2005-06
Table 185.	Current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1969-70 through 2006-07
Table 186.	Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1959-60 through 2006-07

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