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(58KB)| Table 411. | Average eighth-grade science scores overall and in content and cognitive domains, by country: 2007 |
| Country or other jurisdiction | Science overall |
Content domain1 | Cognitive domain2 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biology | Chemistry | Physics | Earth science |
Knowing | Applying | Reasoning | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||
| Algeria | 408 | (1.7) | 411 | (1.9) | 414 | (1.7) | 397 | (2.2) | 413 | (1.6) | 409 | (1.9) | 410 | (2.4) | 414 | (1.9) | ||||||
| Armenia | 488 | (5.8) | 490 | (5.9) | 478 | (6.3) | 503 | (5.6) | 475 | (5.8) | 493 | (6.4) | 502 | (5.4) | 459 | (6.5) | ||||||
| Australia | 515 | (3.6) | 518 | (3.4) | 505 | (3.6) | 508 | (4.2) | 519 | (3.8) | 501 | (3.1) | 510 | (3.2) | 530 | (3.6) | ||||||
| Bahrain | 467 | (1.7) | 473 | (2.0) | 468 | (2.4) | 466 | (1.5) | 465 | (2.4) | 469 | (2.1) | 468 | (2.1) | 469 | (2.0) | ||||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 466 | (2.8) | 464 | (3.0) | 468 | (2.9) | 463 | (3.1) | 469 | (3.4) | 486 | (3.7) | 463 | (2.8) | 452 | (3.1) | ||||||
| Botswana | 355 | (3.1) | 359 | (2.9) | 371 | (2.4) | 351 | (3.2) | 361 | (4.0) | 361 | (2.9) | 358 | (3.2) | 362 | (2.7) | ||||||
| Bulgaria3 | 470 | (5.9) | 467 | (6.0) | 472 | (6.1) | 466 | (5.6) | 480 | (5.5) | 489 | (5.8) | 471 | (6.1) | 448 | (6.1) | ||||||
| Chinese Taipei | 561 | (3.7) | 549 | (3.4) | 573 | (4.2) | 554 | (3.7) | 545 | (2.9) | 565 | (3.5) | 560 | (3.4) | 541 | (3.5) | ||||||
| Colombia | 417 | (3.5) | 434 | (3.7) | 420 | (3.1) | 407 | (3.5) | 407 | (3.9) | 418 | (4.0) | 417 | (3.1) | 428 | (2.7) | ||||||
| Cyprus | 452 | (2.0) | 447 | (1.9) | 452 | (2.5) | 458 | (2.8) | 457 | (2.3) | 438 | (2.6) | 456 | (2.0) | 460 | (2.3) | ||||||
| Czech Republic | 539 | (1.9) | 531 | (2.1) | 535 | (2.7) | 537 | (2.1) | 534 | (2.0) | 533 | (2.1) | 539 | (1.9) | 534 | (2.3) | ||||||
| Egypt | 408 | (3.6) | 406 | (3.4) | 413 | (4.0) | 413 | (3.3) | 426 | (3.8) | 434 | (3.9) | 404 | (3.6) | 395 | (3.4) | ||||||
| El Salvador | 387 | (2.9) | 398 | (3.0) | 377 | (3.2) | 380 | (3.5) | 400 | (2.9) | 394 | (3.2) | 388 | (3.2) | 384 | (3.4) | ||||||
| England4 | 542 | (4.5) | 541 | (4.4) | 534 | (4.0) | 545 | (4.0) | 529 | (4.3) | 530 | (4.9) | 538 | (4.0) | 547 | (4.0) | ||||||
| Georgia5 | 421 | (4.8) | 423 | (3.9) | 418 | (4.6) | 416 | (5.8) | 425 | (4.1) | 440 | (5.1) | 422 | (4.5) | 394 | (4.6) | ||||||
| Ghana | 303 | (5.4) | 304 | (4.9) | 342 | (4.9) | 276 | (5.8) | 294 | (5.8) | 316 | (5.7) | 291 | (5.5) | — | (†) | ||||||
| Hong Kong SAR4,6 | 530 | (4.9) | 527 | (4.6) | 517 | (4.6) | 528 | (4.8) | 532 | (4.5) | 532 | (4.5) | 522 | (4.9) | 533 | (5.0) | ||||||
| Hungary | 539 | (2.9) | 534 | (2.7) | 536 | (3.5) | 541 | (3.2) | 531 | (2.9) | 524 | (3.0) | 549 | (3.0) | 530 | (3.0) | ||||||
| Indonesia | 427 | (3.4) | 428 | (3.1) | 421 | (3.4) | 432 | (3.1) | 442 | (3.3) | 426 | (3.6) | 425 | (3.1) | 438 | (3.2) | ||||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | 459 | (3.6) | 449 | (3.6) | 463 | (3.5) | 470 | (3.6) | 476 | (3.7) | 468 | (3.9) | 454 | (3.8) | 462 | (3.8) | ||||||
| Israel3 | 468 | (4.3) | 472 | (4.2) | 467 | (4.6) | 472 | (4.6) | 462 | (4.1) | 456 | (5.0) | 472 | (4.2) | 481 | (4.2) | ||||||
| Italy | 495 | (2.8) | 502 | (3.0) | 481 | (2.9) | 489 | (3.1) | 503 | (3.1) | 494 | (3.3) | 498 | (2.9) | 493 | (2.6) | ||||||
| Japan | 554 | (1.9) | 553 | (1.9) | 551 | (1.9) | 558 | (1.9) | 533 | (2.5) | 534 | (2.2) | 555 | (2.0) | 560 | (2.0) | ||||||
| Jordan | 482 | (4.0) | 478 | (3.8) | 491 | (4.1) | 479 | (4.2) | 484 | (3.6) | 491 | (4.5) | 485 | (4.1) | 471 | (4.1) | ||||||
| Korea, Republic of | 553 | (2.0) | 548 | (1.9) | 536 | (2.4) | 571 | (2.4) | 538 | (2.2) | 543 | (2.0) | 547 | (2.0) | 558 | (2.0) | ||||||
| Kuwait7 | 418 | (2.8) | 419 | (2.6) | 418 | (3.8) | 438 | (2.8) | 410 | (3.0) | 430 | (2.5) | 417 | (2.9) | 411 | (2.9) | ||||||
| Lebanon | 414 | (5.9) | 405 | (6.2) | 447 | (5.5) | 431 | (5.1) | 389 | (6.4) | 403 | (5.9) | 422 | (5.8) | 420 | (5.6) | ||||||
| Lithuania5 | 519 | (2.5) | 527 | (2.3) | 507 | (2.3) | 505 | (2.9) | 515 | (2.5) | 513 | (2.4) | 512 | (2.2) | 527 | (2.5) | ||||||
| Malaysia | 471 | (6.0) | 469 | (5.8) | 479 | (5.0) | 484 | (5.7) | 463 | (5.4) | 458 | (6.5) | 473 | (5.9) | 487 | (4.9) | ||||||
| Malta | 457 | (1.4) | 453 | (1.7) | 461 | (2.1) | 470 | (1.7) | 456 | (1.5) | 436 | (1.5) | 462 | (1.6) | 473 | (1.4) | ||||||
| Norway | 487 | (2.2) | 487 | (2.3) | 483 | (2.2) | 475 | (3.0) | 502 | (2.5) | 486 | (2.0) | 486 | (2.3) | 491 | (2.8) | ||||||
| Oman | 423 | (3.0) | 414 | (3.1) | 416 | (3.6) | 443 | (2.9) | 439 | (2.5) | 428 | (3.5) | 423 | (3.2) | 428 | (3.5) | ||||||
| Palestinian National Authority. | 404 | (3.5) | 402 | (4.1) | 413 | (4.2) | 414 | (3.7) | 408 | (3.7) | 407 | (3.5) | 412 | (4.0) | 396 | (3.8) | ||||||
| Qatar | 319 | (1.7) | 318 | (1.7) | 322 | (1.8) | 347 | (2.1) | 312 | (1.9) | 325 | (1.7) | 322 | (1.5) | — | (†) | ||||||
| Romania | 462 | (3.9) | 459 | (3.2) | 463 | (4.0) | 458 | (3.4) | 471 | (3.3) | 451 | (4.2) | 470 | (3.5) | 460 | (3.5) | ||||||
| Russian Federation | 530 | (3.9) | 525 | (3.6) | 535 | (3.7) | 519 | (4.0) | 525 | (3.4) | 534 | (4.3) | 527 | (3.8) | 520 | (3.7) | ||||||
| Saudi Arabia | 403 | (2.4) | 407 | (2.4) | 390 | (2.5) | 408 | (2.3) | 423 | (2.3) | 417 | (2.1) | 403 | (2.7) | 395 | (2.5) | ||||||
| Scotland4 | 496 | (3.4) | 495 | (3.2) | 497 | (3.2) | 494 | (3.7) | 498 | (3.2) | 480 | (3.9) | 495 | (3.1) | 511 | (3.6) | ||||||
| Serbia5,8 | 470 | (3.2) | 474 | (3.2) | 467 | (3.7) | 467 | (3.0) | 466 | (3.8) | 485 | (2.8) | 469 | (3.6) | 455 | (3.5) | ||||||
| Singapore | 567 | (4.4) | 564 | (4.2) | 560 | (4.1) | 575 | (3.9) | 541 | (4.1) | 554 | (4.5) | 567 | (4.2) | 564 | (4.1) | ||||||
| Slovenia | 538 | (2.2) | 530 | (2.3) | 539 | (2.5) | 524 | (2.0) | 542 | (2.2) | 533 | (2.0) | 533 | (2.2) | 538 | (2.2) | ||||||
| Sweden | 511 | (2.6) | 515 | (2.4) | 499 | (2.4) | 506 | (2.7) | 510 | (3.0) | 505 | (2.3) | 509 | (2.7) | 517 | (2.6) | ||||||
| Syrian Arab Republic | 452 | (2.9) | 459 | (2.7) | 450 | (2.9) | 447 | (2.7) | 448 | (3.2) | 474 | (2.9) | 445 | (3.0) | 440 | (2.7) | ||||||
| Thailand | 471 | (4.3) | 478 | (4.5) | 462 | (4.1) | 458 | (4.2) | 488 | (3.8) | 473 | (4.4) | 472 | (4.1) | 473 | (4.0) | ||||||
| Tunisia | 445 | (2.1) | 452 | (2.2) | 458 | (2.5) | 432 | (2.5) | 447 | (1.8) | 441 | (2.0) | 445 | (2.3) | 458 | (2.9) | ||||||
| Turkey | 454 | (3.7) | 462 | (3.4) | 435 | (5.2) | 445 | (4.3) | 466 | (3.3) | 462 | (3.6) | 450 | (3.6) | 462 | (3.4) | ||||||
| Ukraine | 485 | (3.5) | 477 | (3.4) | 490 | (3.3) | 492 | (3.9) | 482 | (4.0) | 477 | (3.8) | 488 | (3.7) | 488 | (3.9) | ||||||
| United States4,8 | 520 | (2.9) | 530 | (2.8) | 510 | (2.7) | 503 | (2.7) | 525 | (3.1) | 512 | (2.9) | 516 | (2.7) | 529 | (2.9) | ||||||
| —Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Biology includes characteristics, classification, and life processes of organisms; cells and their functions; life cycles, reproduction, and heredity; diversity, adaptation, and natural selection; ecosystems; and human health. Chemistry includes classification and composition of matter; properties of matter; and chemical change. Physics includes physical states and changes in matter; energy transformations, heat, and temperature; light; sound; electricity and magnetism; and forces and motion. Earth science includes Earth's structure and physical features; Earth's processes, cycles, and history; Earth's resources and their use and conservation; and Earth in the solar system and the universe. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Knowing addresses the facts, information, concepts, tools, and procedures that students need to know to function scientifically. Applying focuses on students’ ability to apply knowledge and conceptual understanding to solve problems or answer questions. Reasoning goes beyond the cognitive processes involved in solving routine problems to include more complex tasks. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 National Defined Population covers less than 90 percent of National Target Population (but at least 77 percent). | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 National Target Population does not include all of the International Target Population defined by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2007, at the beginning of the next school year. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 National Defined Population covers 90 to 95 percent of National Target Population. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: TIMSS scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000, with the scale average fixed at 500 and the standard deviation fixed at 100. Countries were required to sample students in the grade that corresponded to the end of 8 years of formal schooling, providing that the mean age at the time of testing was at least 13.5 years. Standard errors appear in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007, TIMSS 2007 International Science Report, by Michael O. Martin et al. (This table was prepared June 2009.) |
