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| 2009 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 85. | Number, highest degree, experience, and salaries of principals in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected characteristics: 1993-94, 2003-04, and 2007-08 |
| Characteristic | Number of principals | Percentage distribution by highest degree earned, 2007-08 | Average years of experience | Average annual salary of principals in current dollars | Average annual salary in constant 2007-08 dollars2 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993-941 | 2003-041 | 2007-081 | Bachelor's or less | Master's | Education special-ist3 | Doctor's and first-professional | As a principal | Teaching experience, 2007-08 | 1993-94 | 2003-04 | 1993-94 | 2003-04 | 2007-08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1993-94 | 2003-04 | 2007-08 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public schools Total |
79,620 | (235) | 87,620 | (307) | 90,470 | (544) | 1.5 | (0.23) | 61.1 | (1.01) | 29.0 | (0.97) | 8.4 | (0.57) | 8.7 | (0.10) | 7.8 | (0.10) | 7.5 | (0.14) | 13.1 | (0.14) | $54,900 | (130) | $75,500 | (190) | $80,500 | (190) | $87,100 | (210) | $85,700 | (380) | ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Males | 52,110 | (613) | 45,930 | (707) | 44,950 | (1,129) | 1.5 | (0.36) | 64.0 | (1.64) | 26.8 | (1.49) | 7.7 | (0.78) | 10.3 | (0.16) | 9.1 | (0.16) | 8.2 | (0.20) | 12.0 | (0.21) | 54,900 | (160) | 75,600 | (290) | 80,600 | (230) | 87,200 | (330) | 86,100 | (660) | ||||||||
| Females | 27,500 | (542) | 41,690 | (708) | 45,520 | (1,129) | 1.5 | (0.34) | 58.1 | (1.29) | 31.2 | (1.42) | 9.2 | (0.73) | 5.6 | (0.12) | 6.3 | (0.13) | 6.8 | (0.19) | 14.3 | (0.21) | 54,700 | (280) | 75,400 | (330) | 80,400 | (400) | 86,900 | (390) | 85,400 | (620) | ||||||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 67,080 | (540) | 72,200 | (509) | 73,160 | (1,008) | 1.5 | (0.30) | 60.4 | (1.11) | 30.2 | (1.05) | 8.0 | (0.57) | 9.0 | (0.12) | 8.0 | (0.12) | 7.8 | (0.17) | 13.2 | (0.17) | 54,500 | (140) | 75,100 | (220) | 80,000 | (200) | 86,600 | (260) | 84,800 | (440) | ||||||||
| Black | 8,020 | (351) | 9,250 | (377) | 9,620 | (659) | ‡ | (†) | 56.3 | (3.45) | 29.6 | (3.12) | 13.4 | (1.98) | 7.1 | (0.21) | 6.9 | (0.33) | 6.2 | (0.38) | 13.0 | (0.50) | 57,700 | (450) | 77,400 | (670) | 84,700 | (670) | 89,200 | (770) | 87,800 | (1,300) | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 3,270 | (258) | 4,680 | (355) | 5,870 | (540) | ‡ | (†) | 73.8 | (4.06) | 17.5 | (4.22) | 6.4 | ! | (2.03) | 6.3 | (0.37) | 6.1 | (0.43) | 6.5 | (0.62) | 12.2 | (0.71) | 55,900 | (800) | 79,400 | 1,370 | 82,000 | (1,170) | 91,600 | (1,580) | 92,900 | (2,650) | |||||||
| Asian | 620 | 4 | (109) | 460 | (87) | 570 | (146) | ‡ | (†) | 64.5 | (12.62) | 27.2 | ! | (13.24) | ‡ | (†) | 6.0 | 4 | (0.60) | 6.8 | (1.17) | 6.3 | (0.97) | 12.8 | (1.48) | 59,400 | 4 | (1,430) | 82,600 | 1,670 | 87,300 | 4 | (2,090) | 95,300 | (1,930) | 103,400 | (6,670) | |||
| Pacific Islander | — | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | — | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | — | (†) | ‡ | (†) | — | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||
| American Indian/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alaska Native | 630 | (67) | 600 | (80) | 620 | (179) | ‡ | (†) | 69.2 | (9.56) | 21.4 | ! | (7.71) | ‡ | (†) | 12.6 | (0.67) | 6.9 | (0.63) | 6.4 | (1.30) | 13.9 | (2.80) | 51,100 | (1,730) | 62,000 | (2,130) | 75,000 | (2,550) | 71,500 | (2,450) | 76,600 | (3,300) | |||||||
| Two or more races | — | (†) | 350 | (82) | 490 | ! | (155) | ‡ | (†) | 76.6 | (11.09) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | — | (†) | 5.6 | (1.12) | 5.8 | (1.50) | 12.9 | (2.38) | — | (†) | 75,800 | (3,770) | — | (†) | 87,400 | (4,340) | 81,700 | (5,630) | |||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under 40 | 5,940 | (273) | 12,840 | (477) | 17,290 | (785) | 2.9 | (0.76) | 65.9 | (2.39) | 25.2 | (2.18) | 6.0 | (1.11) | 2.8 | (0.13) | 2.4 | (0.10) | 2.9 | (0.14) | 7.6 | (0.14) | 46,500 | (470) | 68,800 | (540) | 68,300 | (690) | 79,400 | (630) | 79,500 | (910) | ||||||||
| 40 to 44 | 14,570 | (496) | 9,540 | (449) | 13,330 | (706) | ‡ | (†) | 63.2 | (2.62) | 28.8 | (2.40) | 6.5 | (1.47) | 5.0 | (0.12) | 4.5 | (0.18) | 4.8 | (0.22) | 10.7 | (0.29) | 52,000 | (390) | 72,300 | (660) | 76,400 | (570) | 83,400 | (760) | 83,800 | (1,120) | ||||||||
| 45 to 49 | 25,430 | (429) | 16,120 | (526) | 13,690 | (767) | 1.3 | ! | (0.59) | 59.4 | (2.71) | 31.6 | (2.67) | 7.7 | (1.36) | 7.1 | (0.13) | 6.1 | (0.16) | 6.1 | (0.26) | 13.0 | (0.33) | 55,400 | (260) | 73,300 | (530) | 81,400 | (380) | 84,500 | (610) | 84,900 | (960) | |||||||
| 50 to 54 | 18,870 | (539) | 24,170 | (669) | 17,570 | (746) | ‡ | (†) | 60.7 | (2.23) | 28.5 | (1.98) | 10.1 | (1.26) | 10.3 | (0.18) | 8.7 | (0.19) | 8.2 | (0.28) | 15.2 | (0.31) | 56,600 | (360) | 77,100 | (440) | 83,000 | (540) | 88,900 | (500) | 86,900 | (920) | ||||||||
| 55 or over | 14,820 | (441) | 24,960 | (679) | 28,590 | (1,000) | 1.1 | ! | (0.46) | 58.2 | (1.81) | 30.6 | (1.91) | 10.1 | (1.02) | 15.1 | (0.35) | 11.9 | (0.23) | 11.8 | (0.29) | 16.4 | (0.37) | 57,800 | (490) | 80,100 | (480) | 84,900 | (730) | 92,400 | (550) | 90,200 | (930) | |||||||
| Type of school | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elementary | 53,680 | (294) | 61,480 | (361) | 62,340 | (584) | 1.2 | (0.27) | 61.3 | (1.36) | 29.1 | (1.28) | 8.3 | (0.66) | 8.9 | (0.14) | 7.9 | (0.13) | 7.7 | (0.17) | 13.3 | (0.20) | 54,200 | (170) | 75,400 | (220) | 79,500 | (250) | 87,000 | (260) | 85,200 | (490) | ||||||||
| Secondary | 18,260 | (161) | 19,700 | (272) | 21,550 | (460) | 1.3 | ! | (0.40) | 61.0 | (1.61) | 28.6 | (1.47) | 9.1 | (0.85) | 8.0 | (0.12) | 7.5 | (0.19) | 7.1 | (0.19) | 12.7 | (0.25) | 56,600 | (170) | 79,400 | (440) | 83,100 | (250) | 91,600 | (510) | 90,300 | (700) | |||||||
| Combined | 2,750 | (143) | 6,450 | (263) | 6,580 | (364) | 4.2 | ! | (1.71) | 58.8 | (3.38) | 29.5 | (3.00) | 7.5 | (1.47) | 7.5 | (0.29) | 7.4 | (0.36) | 7.1 | (0.43) | 13.1 | (0.51) | 52,800 | (510) | 64,700 | (620) | 77,600 | (750) | 74,600 | (710) | 75,800 | (1,240) | |||||||
| Location of school | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | — | (†) | 22,690 | (425) | 21,560 | (731) | 1.5 | (0.45) | 61.3 | (2.07) | 26.5 | (2.11) | 10.7 | (1.29) | — | (†) | 7.3 | (0.17) | 7.0 | (0.25) | 13.0 | (0.35) | — | (†) | 80,200 | (380) | — | (†) | 92,500 | (430) | 91,200 | (740) | ||||||||
| Suburban | — | (†) | 25,600 | (506) | 25,880 | (921) | ‡ | (†) | 58.2 | (1.92) | 28.6 | (1.92) | 12.2 | (1.23) | — | (†) | 7.9 | (0.23) | 7.7 | (0.28) | 12.9 | (0.30) | — | (†) | 85,400 | (470) | — | (†) | 98,500 | (550) | 96,900 | (920) | ||||||||
| Town | — | (†) | 13,700 | (424) | 13,860 | (669) | ‡ | (†) | 63.5 | (2.58) | 30.3 | (2.24) | 4.9 | (0.85) | — | (†) | 8.1 | (0.28) | 7.8 | (0.34) | 13.6 | (0.38) | — | (†) | 68,900 | (500) | — | (†) | 79,500 | (580) | 77,500 | (710) | ||||||||
| Rural | — | (†) | 25,640 | (492) | 29,170 | (1,012) | 2.0 | (0.55) | 62.3 | (1.70) | 30.7 | (1.74) | 5.1 | (0.65) | — | (†) | 7.9 | (0.22) | 7.5 | (0.27) | 13.1 | (0.29) | — | (†) | 65,000 | (350) | — | (†) | 75,000 | (410) | 75,700 | (660) | ||||||||
| Private schools Total |
25,020 | (198) | 27,690 | (677) | 27,960 | (328) | 32.6 | (1.37) | 50.2 | (1.20) | 10.0 | (0.75) | 7.2 | (0.63) | 8.8 | (0.20) | 10.0 | (0.24) | 10.0 | (0.22) | 13.9 | (0.29) | $32,100 | (360) | $50,200 | (0,610) | $47,100 | (530) | $57,900 | (700) | $57,500 | (800) | ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Males | 11,610 | (301) | 12,110 | (552) | 13,070 | (457) | 32.8 | (2.33) | 50.4 | (1.85) | 8.1 | (0.96) | 8.6 | (1.03) | 9.0 | (0.26) | 11.0 | (0.35) | 10.6 | (0.37) | 12.6 | (0.50) | 35,600 | (560) | 55,400 | (1,000) | 52,300 | (830) | 63,900 | (1,160) | 63,000 | (1,350) | ||||||||
| Females | 13,410 | (283) | 15,580 | (491) | 14,890 | (369) | 32.5 | (1.82) | 49.9 | (1.68) | 11.7 | (1.23) | 5.9 | (0.75) | 8.6 | (0.27) | 9.2 | (0.28) | 9.5 | (0.26) | 15.0 | (0.37) | 29,200 | (610) | 46,300 | (840) | 42,800 | (890) | 53,400 | (970) | 53,000 | (960) | ||||||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 23,130 | (270) | 24,850 | (715) | 24,400 | (409) | 31.9 | (1.47) | 51.2 | (1.20) | 9.7 | (0.68) | 7.2 | (0.66) | 8.7 | (0.22) | 10.3 | (0.24) | 10.4 | (0.25) | 14.0 | (0.32) | 32,000 | (400) | 50,600 | (600) | 46,900 | (590) | 58,400 | (700) | 58,700 | (880) | ||||||||
| Black | 1,060 | (124) | 1,440 | (155) | 1,820 | (184) | 36.5 | (5.16) | 40.7 | (5.19) | 15.7 | (4.61) | 7.1 | ! | (3.29) | 8.3 | (1.04) | 7.1 | (1.08) | 7.1 | (0.90) | 12.7 | (1.37) | 34,400 | (2,480) | 44,300 | (3,460) | 50,500 | (3,640) | 51,100 | (3,990) | 49,400 | (2,150) | |||||||
| Hispanic | 520 | (91) | 820 | (116) | 1,110 | (149) | 40.4 | (6.38) | 40.5 | (6.72) | 11.2 | ! | (4.49) | ‡ | (†) | 10.1 | (1.43) | 6.6 | (1.29) | 7.8 | (0.87) | 14.0 | (1.15) | 31,300 | (1,960) | 48,000 | (3,940) | 46,000 | (2,870) | 55,400 | (4,540) | 48,200 | (3,300) | |||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under 40 | 4,790 | (302) | 4,420 | (267) | 4,750 | (318) | 47.0 | (3.68) | 42.4 | (3.16) | 6.5 | (1.55) | 4.1 | (1.13) | 3.5 | (0.22) | 2.9 | (0.20) | 3.0 | (0.22) | 6.0 | (0.33) | 26,300 | (870) | 40,900 | (1,580) | 38,600 | (1,280) | 47,200 | (1,820) | 46,700 | (1,380) | ||||||||
| 40 to 44 | 4,400 | (217) | 3,040 | (250) | 3,250 | (277) | 42.7 | (4.36) | 43.8 | (4.18) | 7.7 | (1.93) | 5.8 | ! | (2.01) | 5.3 | (0.24) | 5.4 | (0.38) | 5.3 | (0.35) | 9.8 | (0.65) | 30,500 | (930) | 43,600 | (1,720) | 44,800 | (1,360) | 50,300 | (1,980) | 54,000 | (2,680) | |||||||
| 45 to 49 | 5,140 | (216) | 4,020 | (250) | 3,420 | (246) | 39.7 | (4.20) | 47.2 | (3.52) | 7.8 | (1.80) | 5.3 | ! | (1.68) | 8.3 | (0.27) | 7.6 | (0.28) | 6.2 | (0.38) | 11.5 | (0.72) | 34,600 | (740) | 51,700 | (1,470) | 50,900 | (1,080) | 59,600 | (1,690) | 54,300 | (2,060) | |||||||
| 50 to 54 | 4,120 | (228) | 5,820 | (337) | 4,390 | (263) | 29.6 | (3.23) | 55.6 | (3.06) | 7.7 | (1.44) | 7.1 | (1.43) | 9.6 | (0.34) | 10.1 | (0.35) | 9.0 | (0.45) | 14.1 | (0.66) | 37,700 | (1,000) | 52,400 | (1,570) | 55,400 | (1,470) | 60,500 | (1,810) | 58,700 | (1,830) | ||||||||
| 55 or over | 6,550 | (244) | 10,390 | (425) | 12,150 | (398) | 23.4 | (2.02) | 53.8 | (2.09) | 13.4 | (1.27) | 9.4 | (0.96) | 14.8 | (0.40) | 15.2 | (0.40) | 15.4 | (0.43) | 18.6 | (0.44) | 31,800 | (760) | 54,000 | (1,110) | 46,700 | (1,110) | 62,300 | (1,280) | 62,900 | (1,430) | ||||||||
| Type of school | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elementary | 13,350 | (158) | 16,750 | (327) | 16,110 | (297) | 32.2 | (1.81) | 52.0 | (1.64) | 10.5 | (1.17) | 5.2 | (0.70) | 9.4 | (0.27) | 9.9 | (0.30) | 9.9 | (0.30) | 14.1 | (0.37) | 28,800 | (440) | 47,200 | (670) | 42,200 | (650) | 54,500 | (780) | 55,500 | (970) | ||||||||
| Secondary | 2,300 | (244) | 2,510 | (364) | 2,930 | (168) | 18.0 | (3.06) | 59.5 | (3.47) | 11.8 | (2.07) | 10.7 | (1.62) | 7.8 | (0.36) | 9.3 | (0.77) | 9.9 | (0.58) | 14.6 | (0.61) | 43,700 | (780) | 65,000 | (2,590) | 64,100 | (1,150) | 75,000 | (2,990) | 75,100 | (2,370) | ||||||||
| Combined | 6,770 | (115) | 8,430 | (281) | 8,920 | (271) | 38.1 | (2.20) | 43.8 | (2.18) | 8.5 | (1.11) | 9.6 | (1.18) | 8.0 | (0.34) | 10.3 | (0.39) | 10.2 | (0.44) | 13.2 | (0.53) | 33,600 | (1,110) | 51,600 | (1,520) | 49,400 | (1,630) | 59,500 | (1,750) | 55,100 | (1,480) | ||||||||
| Location of school | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | — | (†) | — | (†) | 9,610 | (268) | 23.2 | (1.90) | 55.8 | (2.11) | 12.2 | (1.46) | 8.7 | (1.17) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 10.8 | (0.38) | 14.8 | (0.43) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 64,900 | (1,290) | ||||||||||||
| Suburban | — | (†) | — | (†) | 9,510 | (229) | 29.8 | (2.19) | 52.2 | (2.04) | 10.1 | (1.14) | 7.9 | (1.06) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 10.5 | (0.36) | 13.8 | (0.43) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 61,600 | (1,420) | ||||||||||||
| Town | — | (†) | — | (†) | 2,780 | (205) | 30.7 | (3.76) | 49.2 | (4.10) | 13.0 | (3.67) | 7.1 | (1.96) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 9.4 | (0.80) | 16.1 | (1.22) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 44,300 | (2,150) | ||||||||||||
| Rural | — | (†) | — | (†) | 6,060 | (296) | 52.8 | (3.49) | 38.5 | (3.22) | 5.0 | (1.04) | 3.6 | (1.03) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 8.1 | (0.53) | 11.5 | (0.72) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 42,900 | (1,640) | ||||||||||||
| —Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| !Interpret data with caution. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Total differs from data appearing in other tables because of varying survey processing procedures and time period coverages. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis. Excludes principals reporting a salary of $0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Education specialist degrees or certificates are generally awarded for 1 year's work beyond the master's level. Includes certificate of advanced studies. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Data include Pacific Islander. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and survey item nonresponse. Standard errors appear in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), "Public School Principal Questionnaire" and "Private School Principal Questionnaire," 1993-94, 2003-04, and 2007-08. (This table was prepared October 2009.) |
