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| Table 380. | Federal obligations for research, development, and R&D plant, by performers, fields of science, and category of obligation: Fiscal years 1999 through 2007 |
[In millions of current dollars] | |
| Performers, fields of science, and category of obligation |
Actual | Estimated | ||||||||
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | Percent change, 2006 to 2007 | |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Total obligations for research, development, and R&D plant | $77,386.6 | $77,356.1 | $84,003.0 | $90,157.7 | $97,927.9 | $105,370.7 | $112,994.6 | $116,872.6 | $116,416.5 | -0.4 |
| Research and development obligations | 75,340.8 | 72,863.2 | 79,933.2 | 85,853.0 | 93,661.3 | 101,376.5 | 109,223.5 | 113,315.7 | 112,829.7 | -0.4 |
| Performers | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 18,084.7 | 17,149.8 | 20,219.8 | 21,044.8 | 22,861.6 | 22,423.2 | 24,125.4 | 25,521.5 | 24,741.5 | -3.1 |
| Industrial firms | 31,901.6 | 27,735.5 | 27,006.2 | 29,538.2 | 33,852.7 | 39,214.6 | 44,112.5 | 46,106.2 | 46,502.1 | 0.9 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by industrial firms | 1,328.1 | 1,100.9 | 1,186.6 | 1,351.1 | 1,507.6 | 1,543.1 | 1,612.1 | 1,500.0 | 1,477.8 | -1.5 |
| Universities and colleges | 14,959.1 | 16,815.1 | 19,587.9 | 21,290.1 | 22,693.5 | 24,169.7 | 24,841.5 | 25,332.2 | 24,968.5 | -1.4 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by universities and colleges | 3,896.5 | 4,053.2 | 4,617.7 | 4,641.2 | 4,754.2 | 5,400.9 | 5,686.1 | 5,888.9 | 6,136.3 | 4.2 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 3,608.8 | 4,216.6 | 5,138.8 | 5,739.1 | 5,706.7 | 5,623.7 | 5,910.0 | 5,956.3 | 5,751.6 | -3.4 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by nonprofit institutions | 913.3 | 1,231.5 | 1,269.1 | 1,404.8 | 1,352.8 | 1,443.2 | 1,649.2 | 1,724.4 | 1,949.2 | 13.0 |
| State and local governments | 357.5 | 224.0 | 450.6 | 452.2 | 400.0 | 880.1 | 660.8 | 657.1 | 663.8 | 1.0 |
| Foreign | 291.3 | 336.7 | 456.5 | 391.6 | 532.4 | 677.9 | 625.8 | 629.1 | 639.1 | 1.6 |
| Performers | ||||||||||
| Research obligations | 33,527.5 | 38,470.5 | 44,713.7 | 48,006.7 | 51,071.8 | 53,357.8 | 53,738.2 | 54,963.5 | 55,089.2 | 0.2 |
| Performers | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 8,685.8 | 9,449.6 | 11,130.9 | 11,857.4 | 12,419.6 | 12,085.2 | 12,349.9 | 12,634.0 | 12,674.5 | 0.3 |
| Industrial firms | 4,579.8 | 4,801.2 | 5,262.3 | 5,786.8 | 6,042.4 | 6,782.7 | 6,456.4 | 6,960.7 | 6,786.3 | -2.5 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by industrial firms | 879.3 | 700.3 | 822.3 | 937.3 | 1,103.5 | 1,131.6 | 1,082.0 | 1,006.8 | 977.6 | -2.9 |
| Universities and colleges | 13,203.8 | 16,015.9 | 18,657.1 | 20,285.4 | 21,676.5 | 22,699.1 | 23,156.0 | 23,447.0 | 23,361.4 | -0.4 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by universities and colleges | 2,554.1 | 2,773.2 | 3,096.3 | 3,219.4 | 3,272.6 | 3,687.3 | 3,743.4 | 3,821.2 | 4,065.8 | 6.4 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 2,806.7 | 3,719.8 | 4,577.9 | 4,723.0 | 5,196.3 | 5,216.4 | 5,295.8 | 5,364.6 | 5,341.2 | -0.4 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by nonprofit institutions | 469.5 | 696.1 | 739.4 | 749.6 | 779.0 | 795.5 | 907.8 | 996.9 | 1,154.1 | 15.8 |
| State and local governments | 232.4 | 162.5 | 308.7 | 275.5 | 305.8 | 532.9 | 376.8 | 358.8 | 356.5 | -0.6 |
| Foreign | 116.1 | 152.0 | 118.9 | 172.3 | 276.1 | 427.0 | 370.2 | 373.4 | 371.8 | -0.4 |
| Fields of science | ||||||||||
| Life sciences | 15,422.5 | 17,964.7 | 23,057.3 | 25,476.8 | 27,772.2 | 27,728.5 | 28,127.8 | 28,402.0 | 27,810.6 | -2.1 |
| Psychology | 632.6 | 1,626.7 | 741.9 | 905.9 | 1,104.4 | 1,854.9 | 1,891.8 | 1,900.7 | 1,911.7 | 0.6 |
| Physical sciences | 4,066.2 | 4,787.9 | 4,600.8 | 4,983.2 | 5,021.6 | 5,211.1 | 5,493.7 | 5,564.3 | 5,647.6 | 1.5 |
| Environmental sciences | 3,095.3 | 3,328.8 | 3,251.7 | 3,418.3 | 3,740.9 | 3,741.6 | 3,502.6 | 3,649.1 | 3,635.7 | -0.4 |
| Mathematics and computer sciences | 1,980.6 | 2,205.6 | 2,610.6 | 2,630.7 | 1,104.4 | 2,949.4 | 2,983.4 | 3,064.6 | 3,181.9 | 3.8 |
| Engineering | 6,263.4 | 6,346.4 | 8,197.0 | 8,274.9 | 8,405.1 | 8,866.4 | 8,552.9 | 8,975.8 | 9,487.4 | 5.7 |
| Social sciences | 854.9 | 1,050.3 | 1,008.6 | 1,038.5 | 1,025.8 | 1,089.6 | 1,097.1 | 1,202.6 | 1,215.3 | 1.1 |
| Other sciences | 1,212.1 | 1,160.2 | 1,245.8 | 1,278.4 | 1,329.3 | 1,916.3 | 2,088.9 | 2,204.4 | 2,198.9 | -0.3 |
| Basic research obligations | 17,443.7 | 19,569.8 | 21,958.1 | 23,668.3 | 24,751.4 | 26,120.7 | 27,140.3 | 27,679.8 | 28,264.4 | 2.1 |
| Performers | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 3,255.2 | 3,621.8 | 4,193.8 | 4,460.0 | 4,662.1 | 4,671.6 | 4,772.7 | 4,987.8 | 4,846.4 | -2.8 |
| Industrial firms | 1,082.8 | 1,356.5 | 917.1 | 1,231.9 | 1,279.6 | 1,969.4 | 2,051.0 | 2,161.5 | 2,211.1 | 2.3 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by industrial firms | 313.4 | 171.3 | 175.1 | 239.6 | 312.8 | 292.2 | 270.1 | 269.7 | 269.1 | -0.2 |
| Universities and colleges | 9,107.1 | 10,056.7 | 11,792.2 | 12,668.2 | 13,151.8 | 13,398.5 | 13,989.9 | 14,028.8 | 14,272.5 | 1.7 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by universities and colleges | 1,565.5 | 1,674.0 | 1,762.1 | 1,805.2 | 1,827.8 | 2,005.8 | 2,021.2 | 2,137.8 | 2,364.3 | 10.6 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 1,650.0 | 1,985.3 | 2,441.7 | 2,531.7 | 2,703.9 | 2,746.1 | 2,914.2 | 2,896.3 | 2,927.9 | 1.1 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by nonprofit institutions | 354.9 | 521.6 | 540.5 | 563.4 | 582.1 | 606.8 | 670.7 | 734.5 | 897.7 | 22.2 |
| State and local governments | 61.4 | 75.7 | 71.5 | 71.5 | 85.4 | 197.9 | 235.9 | 244.3 | 253.6 | 3.8 |
| Foreign | 53.4 | 106.9 | 64.0 | 96.8 | 146.1 | 232.3 | 214.6 | 219.2 | 221.8 | 1.2 |
| Fields of science | ||||||||||
| Life sciences | 9,197.1 | 10,049.0 | 12,835.5 | 14,024.1 | 14,765.3 | 14,490.0 | 15,247.6 | 15,432.1 | 15,321.9 | -0.7 |
| Psychology | 347.3 | 817.8 | 292.9 | 464.6 | 543.8 | 979.2 | 1,040.1 | 1,046.4 | 1,055.8 | 0.9 |
| Physical sciences | 3,089.8 | 3,470.6 | 3,327.1 | 3,405.9 | 3,454.0 | 3,662.6 | 3,738.7 | 3,777.5 | 4,042.7 | 7.0 |
| Environmental sciences | 1,615.7 | 1,838.4 | 1,663.0 | 1,833.3 | 1,899.5 | 2,022.9 | 1,966.1 | 2,002.5 | 2,058.0 | 2.8 |
| Mathematics and computer sciences | 734.9 | 798.3 | 957.8 | 998.7 | 1,120.2 | 1,239.1 | 1,228.4 | 1,238.9 | 1,361.2 | 9.9 |
| Engineering | 1,639.7 | 1,764.2 | 1,911.5 | 1,864.9 | 1,913.1 | 2,271.7 | 2,300.5 | 2,516.4 | 2,733.5 | 8.6 |
| Social sciences | 246.5 | 308.0 | 278.4 | 361.7 | 352.8 | 419.3 | 391.4 | 398.7 | 401.7 | 0.7 |
| Other sciences | 572.5 | 523.6 | 691.7 | 715.2 | 702.7 | 1,035.9 | 1,227.5 | 1,267.3 | 1,289.7 | 1.8 |
| Applied research obligations | 16,083.7 | 18,900.7 | 22,755.6 | 24,338.4 | 26,320.4 | 27,237.1 | 26,597.9 | 27,283.7 | 26,824.8 | -1.7 |
| Performers | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 5,430.6 | 5,827.8 | 6,937.2 | 7,397.4 | 7,757.5 | 7,413.6 | 7,577.2 | 7,646.2 | 7,828.1 | 2.4 |
| Industrial firms | 3,497.0 | 3,444.6 | 4,345.2 | 4,554.9 | 4,762.8 | 4,813.3 | 4,405.4 | 4,799.2 | 4,575.3 | -4.7 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by industrial firms | 565.8 | 528.9 | 647.2 | 697.7 | 790.7 | 839.3 | 811.9 | 737.2 | 708.5 | -3.9 |
| Universities and colleges | 4,096.7 | 5,959.2 | 6,864.9 | 7,617.2 | 8,524.7 | 9,300.6 | 9,166.1 | 9,418.2 | 9,088.9 | -3.5 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by universities and colleges | 988.6 | 1,099.2 | 1,334.2 | 1,414.1 | 1,444.8 | 1,681.6 | 1,722.2 | 1,683.4 | 1,701.5 | 1.1 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 1,156.7 | 1,734.5 | 2,136.2 | 2,191.3 | 2,492.5 | 2,470.3 | 2,381.6 | 2,468.4 | 2,413.3 | -2.2 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by nonprofit institutions | 114.6 | 174.5 | 198.9 | 186.2 | 197.0 | 188.7 | 237.1 | 262.4 | 256.4 | -2.3 |
| State and local governments | 171.0 | 86.9 | 237.1 | 204.0 | 220.4 | 335.0 | 140.9 | 114.5 | 102.9 | -10.2 |
| Foreign | 62.8 | 45.1 | 54.9 | 75.6 | 130.0 | 194.7 | 155.6 | 154.2 | 150.0 | -2.7 |
| Fields of science | ||||||||||
| Life sciences | 6,225.3 | 7,915.7 | 10,221.8 | 11,452.7 | 13,007.0 | 13,238.5 | 12,880.2 | 12,970.0 | 12,488.7 | -3.7 |
| Psychology | 285.3 | 808.9 | 449.0 | 441.3 | 560.6 | 875.6 | 851.6 | 854.3 | 855.9 | 0.2 |
| Physical sciences | 976.4 | 1,317.3 | 1,273.6 | 1,577.4 | 1,567.6 | 1,548.6 | 1,755.0 | 1,786.8 | 1,604.9 | -10.2 |
| Environmental sciences | 1,479.5 | 1,490.3 | 1,588.6 | 1,585.0 | 1,841.4 | 1,718.7 | 1,536.5 | 1,646.5 | 1,577.8 | -4.2 |
| Mathematics and computer sciences | 1,245.7 | 1,407.3 | 1,652.8 | 1,632.0 | 1,552.2 | 1,710.3 | 1,754.9 | 1,825.7 | 1,820.7 | -0.3 |
| Engineering | 4,623.7 | 4,582.2 | 6,285.5 | 6,410.0 | 6,492.0 | 6,594.7 | 6,252.5 | 6,459.4 | 6,753.9 | 4.6 |
| Social sciences | 608.3 | 742.3 | 730.2 | 676.9 | 673.0 | 670.3 | 705.8 | 803.9 | 813.7 | 1.2 |
| Other sciences | 639.6 | 636.6 | 554.1 | 563.3 | 626.6 | 880.5 | 861.4 | 937.2 | 909.2 | -3.0 |
| Development obligations | 41,813.1 | 34,392.7 | 35,219.5 | 37,846.3 | 42,589.5 | 48,018.7 | 55,485.3 | 58,352.3 | 57,740.5 | -1.0 |
| Performers | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 9,398.9 | 7,700.2 | 9,088.9 | 9,187.4 | 10,442.0 | 10,338.0 | 11,775.5 | 12,887.5 | 12,067.0 | -6.4 |
| Industrial firms | 27,321.8 | 22,934.4 | 21,744.0 | 23,751.4 | 27,810.3 | 32,431.8 | 37,656.1 | 39,145.5 | 39,715.7 | 1.5 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by industrial firms | 448.8 | 400.6 | 364.3 | 413.7 | 404.1 | 411.6 | 530.1 | 493.2 | 500.1 | 1.4 |
| Universities and colleges | 1,755.3 | 799.3 | 930.8 | 1,004.7 | 1,017.0 | 1,470.6 | 1,685.6 | 1,885.2 | 1,607.1 | -14.8 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by universities and colleges | 1,342.3 | 1,279.9 | 1,521.4 | 1,421.8 | 1,481.6 | 1,713.5 | 1,942.8 | 2,067.7 | 2,070.5 | 0.1 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 802.0 | 496.8 | 560.8 | 1,016.1 | 510.3 | 407.4 | 614.1 | 591.7 | 410.4 | -30.6 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by nonprofit institutions | 443.7 | 535.4 | 529.7 | 655.2 | 573.7 | 647.7 | 741.5 | 727.5 | 795.1 | 9.3 |
| State and local governments | 125.1 | 61.5 | 141.9 | 176.7 | 94.1 | 347.2 | 284.1 | 298.4 | 307.3 | 3.0 |
| Foreign | 175.2 | 184.7 | 337.6 | 219.2 | 256.3 | 250.9 | 255.6 | 255.7 | 267.3 | 4.5 |
| R&D plant obligations | 2,045.8 | 4,492.8 | 4,069.8 | 4,304.7 | 4,266.5 | 3,994.2 | 3,771.1 | 3,556.9 | 3,586.8 | 0.8 |
| Performers | ||||||||||
| Federal intramural1 | 483.3 | 573.3 | 520.4 | 414.8 | 609.7 | 961.3 | 859.3 | 817.9 | 698.3 | -14.6 |
| Industrial firms | 544.7 | 2,814.6 | 2,179.8 | 2,524.9 | 1,817.0 | 1,442.0 | 1,381.4 | 1,466.9 | 1,540.8 | 5.0 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by industrial firms | 172.8 | 27.6 | 41.8 | 109.1 | 145.7 | 188.3 | 125.7 | 87.8 | 21.0 | -76.1 |
| Universities and colleges | 141.2 | 213.5 | 284.7 | 241.1 | 686.9 | 354.3 | 423.0 | 294.5 | 336.7 | 14.3 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by universities and colleges | 615.5 | 613.8 | 615.9 | 583.3 | 578.4 | 603.9 | 558.3 | 515.2 | 595.0 | 15.5 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 12.2 | 55.5 | 27.9 | 29.1 | 70.7 | 164.5 | 134.6 | 126.0 | 138.2 | 9.6 |
| FFRDCs2 administered by nonprofit institutions | 70.7 | 193.5 | 357.5 | 388.8 | 333.9 | 252.4 | 218.0 | 197.5 | 202.8 | 2.7 |
| State and local governments | 5.3 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 15.8 | 55.2 | 34.7 | 36.5 | 5.2 |
| Foreign | — | 0.1 | 40.4 | 11.7 | 23.4 | 11.7 | 15.6 | 16.5 | 17.6 | 7.0 |
|
— Not available. 1 Includes costs associated with the administration of intramural and extramural programs by federal personnel as well as actual intramural performance. 2 Federally funded research and development centers. NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Totals do not include the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, 1997 through 2007. (This table was prepared October 2008.) |