Table 168.

States that use criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) aligned to state standards, by subject area and level: 2006–07

State	Aligned to state standards		Off-the-shelf/ norm-referenced test (NRT)1	Criterion-referenced tests,2  by subject area and level
	Custom-developed test (CRT)2	Augmented or hybrid test3		English/ language arts	Mathematics	Science	Social studies/ history
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Alabama	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	HS	HS
Alaska	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Arizona	X	X	X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Arkansas	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS
California	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Colorado	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Connecticut	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	HS
Delaware		X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
District of Columbia	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Florida	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Georgia	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Hawaii		X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Idaho	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Illinois	X	X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	HS
Indiana	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS
Iowa			X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Kansas	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Kentucky	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Louisiana	X	X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Maine	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS
Maryland	X	X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	HS	HS
Massachusetts	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Michigan	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Minnesota	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Mississippi	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	HS
Missouri		X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Montana	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Nebraska	X			ES, MS, HS
Nevada	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
New Hampshire	X			ES, MS	ES, MS
New Jersey	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS
New Mexico	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
New York	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
North Carolina	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	HS	HS
North Dakota	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Ohio	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Oklahoma	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Oregon	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Pennsylvania	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Rhode Island	X	X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
South Carolina	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
South Dakota		X	X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Tennessee	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Texas	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Utah	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Vermont	X			ES, MS	ES, MS
Virginia	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Washington	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
West Virginia	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS
Wisconsin		X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Wyoming	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS

X State has a test. 1 Off-the-shelf/norm-referenced tests (NRTs) are commercially developed tests that have not been modified to reflect state content standards. 2 Custom-developed criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) are explicitly designed to measure state content standards. 3 Augmented or hybrid tests incorporate elements of both NRTs and CRTs. These tests include NRTs that have been augmented or modified to reflect state standards. NOTE: ES = elementary school, MS = middle school, and HS = high school. SOURCE: Quality Counts 2007, Cradle to Career, Education Week, 2007. (This table was pre-pared September 2008.)