Table 159.

States that use criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) aligned to state standards, by subject area and level: 2005-06

State	Aligned to state standards		Off-the-shelf/ norm-referenced test (NRT)1	Criterion-referenced tests2, by subject area and level
	Custom-developed test (CRT)2	Augmented or hybrid test3		English/ language arts	Mathematics	Science	Social studies/ history
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Alabama	X		X	ES	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS	MS, HS
Alaska	X		X			ES, MS, HS
Arizona	X	X	X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Arkansas	X		X	ES, MS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
California	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Colorado	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS
Connecticut	X				ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS
Delaware		X		ES, MS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
District of Columbia	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	HS
Florida	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, HS
Georgia	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Hawaii		X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Idaho	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS
Illinois	X	X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Indiana	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Iowa			X
Kansas	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Kentucky	X	X	X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Louisiana	X	X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Maine	X		X	MS, HS	ES	ES, MS, HS
Maryland	X	X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Massachusetts	X			ES, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Michigan	X			ES, MS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Minnesota	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Mississippi	X	X	X	ES, MS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS
Missouri		X				ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Montana	X		X			MS, HS
Nebraska	X			HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Nevada	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS	MS, HS
New Hampshire	X			MS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
New Jersey	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
New Mexico	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
New York	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
North Carolina	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	HS
North Dakota		X		ES, MS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Ohio	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Oklahoma	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	HS
Oregon	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Pennsylvania	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Rhode Island	X	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
South Carolina	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
South Dakota		X	X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, HS
Tennessee	X			ES, MS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS	ES, MS
Texas	X			ES, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS
Utah	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS
Vermont	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Virginia	X			ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS	ES, MS, HS
Washington	X			ES	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
West Virginia	X		X	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS	MS, HS
Wisconsin		X		ES, MS, HS	ES, MS, HS
Wyoming	X				ES, MS, HS

X State has a test. 1 Off-the-shelf/norm-referenced tests (NRTs) are commercially developed tests that have not been modified to reflect state content standards. 2 Custom-developed criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) are explicitly designed to measure state content standards. 3 Augmented or hybrid tests incorporate elements of both NRTs and CRTs. These tests include NRTs that have been augmented or modified to reflect state standards. NOTE: ES = elementary school, MS = middle school, and HS = high school. SOURCE: Quality Counts at 10, A Decade of Standards Based Education, Education Week, 25(17), 2006. (This table was prepared September 2006.)