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(54KB)| Table 116. | Average reading scale score and percentage of 4th-graders in public schools attaining reading achievement levels, by race/ethnicity and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1992 through 2007 |
| State or jurisdiction | Average scale score1 | Average scale score1 by race/ethnicity,2 2007 | Percent attaining reading achievement levels, 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1992 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2003 | 2005 | 2007 | White | Black | Hispanic | Asian/Pacific Islander | American Indian/ Alaska Native |
At or above Basic3 | At or above Proficient4 | At Advanced5 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
| United States6 | 215 | (1.0) | 212 | (1.1) | 213 | (1.2) | 217 | (0.5) | 216 | (0.3) | 217.3 | (0.2) | 220 | (0.3) | 230 | (0.2) | 203 | (0.4) | 204 | (0.5) | 231 | (1.0) | 206 | (1.2) | 66 | (0.3) | 32 | (0.3) | 7 | (0.1) |
| Alabama | 207 | (1.7) | 208 | (1.5) | 211 | (1.9) | 207 | (1.4) | 207 | (1.7) | 207.8 | (1.2) | 216 | (1.3) | 227 | (1.4) | 201 | (1.6) | 197 | (6.7) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 62 | (1.4) | 29 | (1.4) | 7 | (0.9) |
| Alaska | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 212 | (1.6) | 211.1 | (1.4) | 214 | (1.0) | 228 | (1.2) | 207 | (3.2) | 206 | (4.4) | 217 | (3.1) | 188 | (1.9) | 62 | (1.2) | 29 | (1.0) | 6 | (0.8) |
| Arizona | 209 | (1.2) | 206 | (1.9) | 206 | (1.4) | 205 | (1.5) | 209 | (1.2) | 207.1 | (1.6) | 210 | (1.6) | 224 | (1.3) | 206 | (3.5) | 197 | (2.4) | 229 | (6.3) | 187 | (3.4) | 56 | (1.7) | 24 | (1.5) | 5 | (0.6) |
| Arkansas | 211 | (1.2) | 209 | (1.7) | 209 | (1.6) | 213 | (1.4) | 214 | (1.4) | 217.1 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.2) | 226 | (1.1) | 195 | (1.3) | 202 | (4.0) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 64 | (1.3) | 29 | (1.3) | 5 | (0.6) |
| California7,8 | 202 | (2.0) | 197 | (1.8) | 202 | (2.5) | 206 | (2.5) | 206 | (1.2) | 206.5 | (0.7) | 209 | (1.0) | 227 | (1.2) | 200 | (2.4) | 195 | (0.9) | 228 | (2.6) | ‡ | (†) | 53 | (1.0) | 23 | (0.9) | 5 | (0.4) |
| Colorado | 217 | (1.1) | 213 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.4) | — | (†) | 224 | (1.2) | 223.7 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.1) | 234 | (1.0) | 210 | (3.2) | 204 | (1.7) | 233 | (3.6) | ‡ | (†) | 70 | (1.3) | 36 | (1.4) | 9 | (1.0) |
| Connecticut | 222 | (1.3) | 222 | (1.6) | 230 | (1.6) | 229 | (1.1) | 228 | (1.1) | 225.8 | (1.0) | 227 | (1.3) | 238 | (1.3) | 203 | (3.0) | 203 | (2.7) | 244 | (3.6) | ‡ | (†) | 73 | (1.4) | 41 | (1.6) | 12 | (1.2) |
| Delaware | 213 | (0.6) | 206 | (1.1) | 207 | (1.7) | 224 | (0.6) | 224 | (0.7) | 225.8 | (0.8) | 225 | (0.7) | 233 | (0.9) | 213 | (1.0) | 218 | (2.3) | 246 | (3.6) | ‡ | (†) | 73 | (1.2) | 34 | (1.4) | 7 | (0.6) |
| District of Columbia | 188 | (0.8) | — | (†) | 179 | (1.2) | 191 | (0.9) | 188 | (0.9) | 190.8 | (1.0) | 197 | (0.9) | 258 | (3.9) | 192 | (1.0) | 206 | (3.6) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 39 | (1.1) | 14 | (0.8) | 4 | (0.5) |
| Florida | 208 | (1.2) | 205 | (1.7) | 206 | (1.4) | 214 | (1.4) | 218 | (1.1) | 219.5 | (0.9) | 224 | (0.8) | 232 | (1.0) | 208 | (1.5) | 218 | (1.2) | 241 | (3.2) | ‡ | (†) | 70 | (1.0) | 34 | (1.0) | 8 | (0.6) |
| Georgia | 212 | (1.5) | 207 | (2.4) | 209 | (1.4) | 215 | (1.0) | 214 | (1.3) | 214.4 | (1.2) | 219 | (0.9) | 230 | (1.1) | 205 | (1.4) | 212 | (3.3) | 232 | (6.1) | ‡ | (†) | 66 | (1.3) | 28 | (1.5) | 5 | (0.7) |
| Hawaii | 203 | (1.7) | 201 | (1.7) | 200 | (1.5) | 208 | (0.9) | 208 | (1.4) | 209.6 | (1.0) | 213 | (1.1) | 227 | (2.2) | 212 | (4.6) | 205 | (4.1) | 210 | (1.2) | ‡ | (†) | 59 | (1.4) | 26 | (1.4) | 5 | (0.6) |
| Idaho | 219 | (0.9) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 220 | (1.1) | 218 | (1.0) | 221.9 | (0.9) | 223 | (0.8) | 227 | (0.7) | ‡ | (†) | 204 | (2.5) | ‡ | (†) | 202 | (10.9) | 70 | (1.0) | 35 | (1.2) | 8 | (0.6) |
| Illinois | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 216 | (1.6) | 216.5 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.2) | 230 | (1.7) | 201 | (2.4) | 205 | (1.2) | 240 | (4.2) | ‡ | (†) | 65 | (1.6) | 32 | (1.3) | 8 | (0.9) |
| Indiana | 221 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.3) | — | (†) | 222 | (1.4) | 220 | (1.0) | 218.1 | (1.1) | 222 | (0.9) | 226 | (1.0) | 201 | (2.4) | 207 | (2.5) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 68 | (1.2) | 33 | (1.3) | 7 | (0.7) |
| Iowa7,8 | 225 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.6) | 223 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.1) | 220.8 | (0.9) | 225 | (1.1) | 227 | (1.1) | 205 | (4.0) | 208 | (3.1) | 235 | (6.9) | ‡ | (†) | 74 | (1.6) | 36 | (1.4) | 7 | (0.8) |
| Kansas7,8 | — | (†) | — | (†) | 221 | (1.4) | 222 | (1.4) | 220 | (1.2) | 220.5 | (1.3) | 225 | (1.1) | 229 | (1.1) | 208 | (2.6) | 209 | (2.4) | 229 | (5.4) | ‡ | (†) | 72 | (1.2) | 36 | (1.5) | 8 | (0.9) |
| Kentucky | 213 | (1.3) | 212 | (1.6) | 218 | (1.5) | 219 | (1.1) | 219 | (1.3) | 219.9 | (1.1) | 222 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.1) | 203 | (2.2) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 68 | (1.4) | 33 | (1.4) | 8 | (0.7) |
| Louisiana | 204 | (1.2) | 197 | (1.3) | 200 | (1.6) | 207 | (1.7) | 205 | (1.4) | 209.2 | (1.3) | 207 | (1.6) | 220 | (1.8) | 194 | (1.7) | 213 | (5.5) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 52 | (2.0) | 20 | (1.4) | 3 | (0.6) |
| Maine | 227 | (1.1) | 228 | (1.3) | 225 | (1.4) | 225 | (1.1) | 224 | (0.9) | 224.6 | (0.9) | 226 | (0.9) | 226 | (0.9) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 73 | (1.1) | 36 | (1.4) | 7 | (0.8) |
| Maryland | 211 | (1.6) | 210 | (1.5) | 212 | (1.6) | 217 | (1.5) | 219 | (1.4) | 220 | (1.3) | 225 | (1.1) | 236 | (1.5) | 208 | (1.2) | 213 | (2.4) | 243 | (2.8) | ‡ | (†) | 69 | (1.3) | 36 | (1.5) | 10 | (0.7) |
| Massachusetts7 | 226 | (0.9) | 223 | (1.3) | 223 | (1.4) | 234 | (1.1) | 228 | (1.2) | 231.3 | (0.9) | 236 | (1.1) | 241 | (1.1) | 211 | (2.1) | 209 | (2.0) | 241 | (3.5) | ‡ | (†) | 81 | (1.1) | 49 | (1.7) | 16 | (1.3) |
| Michigan | 216 | (1.5) | — | (†) | 216 | (1.5) | 219 | (1.1) | 219 | (1.2) | 218.3 | (1.5) | 220 | (1.4) | 227 | (1.2) | 197 | (2.7) | 210 | (4.2) | 233 | (4.6) | ‡ | (†) | 66 | (1.7) | 32 | (1.6) | 8 | (0.7) |
| Minnesota7,8 | 221 | (1.2) | 218 | (1.4) | 219 | (1.7) | 225 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.1) | 225.2 | (1.3) | 225 | (1.1) | 231 | (1.1) | 198 | (2.5) | 200 | (3.8) | 218 | (3.6) | 205 | (5.5) | 73 | (1.3) | 37 | (1.5) | 9 | (0.8) |
| Mississippi | 199 | (1.3) | 202 | (1.6) | 203 | (1.3) | 203 | (1.3) | 205 | (1.3) | 204.4 | (1.4) | 208 | (1.0) | 222 | (1.2) | 195 | (0.9) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 51 | (1.4) | 19 | (1.0) | 3 | (0.4) |
| Missouri | 220 | (1.2) | 217 | (1.5) | 216 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.3) | 222 | (1.2) | 221.2 | (0.9) | 221 | (1.1) | 226 | (1.2) | 200 | (2.1) | 213 | (4.1) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 67 | (1.3) | 32 | (1.3) | 7 | (0.6) |
| Montana7,8 | — | (†) | 222 | (1.4) | 225 | (1.5) | 224 | (1.8) | 223 | (1.2) | 225 | (1.1) | 227 | (1.0) | 230 | (0.9) | ‡ | (†) | 220 | (4.2) | ‡ | (†) | 204 | (3.1) | 75 | (1.0) | 39 | (1.8) | 8 | (0.9) |
| Nebraska9 | 221 | (1.1) | 220 | (1.5) | — | (†) | 222 | (1.5) | 221 | (1.0) | 221.4 | (1.2) | 223 | (1.3) | 230 | (0.9) | 194 | (3.7) | 203 | (2.8) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 71 | (1.4) | 35 | (1.5) | 8 | (0.8) |
| Nevada | — | (†) | — | — | 206 | (1.8) | 209 | (1.2) | 207 | (1.2) | 207.2 | (1.2) | 211 | (1.2) | 224 | (1.5) | 202 | (3.1) | 196 | (1.6) | 220 | (2.5) | ‡ | (†) | 57 | (1.3) | 24 | (1.3) | 5 | (0.5) |
| New Hampshire7 | 228 | (1.2) | 223 | (1.5) | 226 | (1.7) | — | (†) | 228 | (1.0) | 227.4 | (0.9) | 229 | (0.9) | 230 | (0.9) | 215 | (5.0) | 209 | (3.9) | 235 | (4.3) | ‡ | (†) | 76 | (0.9) | 41 | (1.5) | 11 | (0.9) |
| New Jersey | 223 | (1.4) | 219 | (1.2) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 225 | (1.2) | 223.3 | (1.3) | 231 | (1.2) | 238 | (1.1) | 212 | (2.7) | 214 | (2.5) | 245 | (2.5) | ‡ | (†) | 77 | (1.3) | 43 | (1.5) | 12 | (0.9) |
| New Mexico | 211 | (1.5) | 205 | (1.7) | 205 | (1.4) | 208 | (1.6) | 203 | (1.5) | 206.8 | (1.3) | 212 | (1.3) | 228 | (1.9) | 208 | (4.0) | 204 | (1.4) | ‡ | (†) | 197 | (3.7) | 58 | (1.5) | 24 | (1.6) | 5 | (0.7) |
| New York7,8 | 215 | (1.4) | 212 | (1.4) | 215 | (1.6) | 222 | (1.5) | 222 | (1.1) | 222.7 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.0) | 234 | (1.5) | 208 | (1.5) | 206 | (1.7) | 236 | (2.8) | ‡ | (†) | 69 | (1.2) | 36 | (1.3) | 10 | (0.9) |
| North Carolina | 212 | (1.1) | 214 | (1.5) | 213 | (1.6) | 222 | (1.0) | 221 | (1.0) | 217.1 | (1.0) | 218 | (0.9) | 228 | (1.1) | 202 | (1.1) | 205 | (2.2) | 228 | (5.0) | 202 | (4.3) | 64 | (1.2) | 29 | (1.1) | 6 | (0.5) |
| North Dakota8 | 226 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.2) | — | (†) | 224 | (1.0) | 222 | (0.9) | 224.8 | (0.7) | 226 | (0.9) | 229 | (0.7) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 204 | (3.5) | 75 | (1.2) | 35 | (1.4) | 6 | (0.6) |
| Ohio | 217 | (1.3) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 222 | (1.3) | 222 | (1.2) | 222.5 | (1.4) | 226 | (1.1) | 231 | (1.1) | 204 | (2.1) | 214 | (4.5) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 73 | (1.5) | 36 | (1.6) | 8 | (1.0) |
| Oklahoma | 220 | (0.9) | — | (†) | 219 | (1.2) | 213 | (1.2) | 214 | (1.2) | 213.9 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.1) | 204 | (2.2) | 198 | (3.9) | 221 | (7.6) | 213 | (1.8) | 65 | (1.5) | 27 | (1.2) | 4 | (0.5) |
| Oregon | — | (†) | — | (†) | 212 | (1.8) | 220 | (1.4) | 218 | (1.3) | 216.9 | (1.4) | 215 | (1.4) | 222 | (1.3) | 198 | (3.8) | 190 | (2.3) | 218 | (6.3) | 206 | (7.2) | 62 | (1.5) | 28 | (1.5) | 6 | (0.7) |
| Pennsylvania9 | 221 | (1.3) | 215 | (1.6) | — | (†) | 221 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.3) | 222.8 | (1.3) | 226 | (1.0) | 233 | (0.8) | 200 | (2.9) | 200 | (5.0) | 228 | (3.7) | ‡ | (†) | 73 | (1.3) | 40 | (1.1) | 11 | (0.8) |
| Rhode Island9 | 217 | (1.8) | 220 | (1.3) | 218 | (1.4) | 220 | (1.2) | 216 | (1.3) | 216.4 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.0) | 227 | (1.1) | 198 | (2.3) | 198 | (2.1) | 219 | (4.2) | ‡ | (†) | 65 | (1.2) | 31 | (1.2) | 7 | (0.7) |
| South Carolina | 210 | (1.3) | 203 | (1.4) | 209 | (1.4) | 214 | (1.3) | 215 | (1.3) | 213.2 | (1.3) | 214 | (1.2) | 224 | (1.2) | 199 | (1.5) | 205 | (3.5) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 59 | (1.5) | 26 | (1.3) | 5 | (0.5) |
| South Dakota | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 222 | (1.2) | 222.4 | (0.5) | 223 | (1.0) | 228 | (0.9) | ‡ | (†) | 209 | (5.2) | ‡ | (†) | 196 | (2.6) | 71 | (1.2) | 34 | (1.6) | 7 | (0.8) |
| Tennessee8,9 | 212 | (1.4) | 213 | (1.7) | 212 | (1.4) | 214 | (1.2) | 212 | (1.6) | 214.2 | (1.4) | 216 | (1.2) | 224 | (1.3) | 192 | (1.6) | 208 | (4.0) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 61 | (1.6) | 27 | (1.2) | 6 | (0.8) |
| Texas | 213 | (1.6) | 212 | (1.9) | 214 | (1.9) | 217 | (1.7) | 215 | (1.0) | 218.7 | (0.8) | 220 | (0.9) | 232 | (1.1) | 207 | (1.6) | 212 | (1.2) | 236 | (3.2) | ‡ | (†) | 66 | (1.1) | 30 | (1.1) | 6 | (0.5) |
| Utah | 220 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.3) | 216 | (1.2) | 222 | (1.0) | 219 | (1.0) | 221.3 | (1.1) | 221 | (1.2) | 226 | (1.0) | ‡ | (†) | 201 | (2.8) | 217 | (3.9) | ‡ | (†) | 69 | (1.4) | 34 | (1.4) | 8 | (0.5) |
| Vermont | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 227 | (1.1) | 226 | (0.9) | 226.9 | (0.9) | 228 | (0.8) | 229 | (0.9) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 74 | (1.2) | 41 | (1.2) | 11 | (0.7) |
| Virginia | 221 | (1.4) | 213 | (1.5) | 217 | (1.2) | 225 | (1.3) | 223 | (1.5) | 225.8 | (0.8) | 227 | (1.1) | 233 | (1.3) | 213 | (1.4) | 216 | (2.8) | 237 | (2.7) | ‡ | (†) | 74 | (1.5) | 38 | (1.4) | 9 | (1.0) |
| Washington8 | — | (†) | 213 | (1.5) | 218 | (1.4) | 224 | (1.2) | 221 | (1.1) | 223.5 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.4) | 229 | (1.4) | 206 | (3.5) | 206 | (2.3) | 232 | (3.6) | 205 | (5.0) | 70 | (1.5) | 36 | (1.7) | 10 | (1.1) |
| West Virginia | 216 | (1.3) | 213 | (1.1) | 216 | (1.7) | 219 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.0) | 214.8 | (0.8) | 215 | (1.1) | 216 | (1.1) | 202 | (2.9) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 63 | (1.2) | 28 | (1.1) | 5 | (0.6) |
| Wisconsin7,8,9 | 224 | (1.0) | 224 | (1.1) | 222 | (1.1) | — | (†) | 221 | (0.8) | 221.2 | (1.0) | 223 | (1.2) | 229 | (1.2) | 191 | (4.2) | 208 | (2.8) | 222 | (4.4) | ‡ | (†) | 70 | (1.4) | 36 | (1.4) | 8 | (0.7) |
| Wyoming | 223 | (1.1) | 221 | (1.2) | 218 | (1.5) | 221 | (1.0) | 222 | (0.8) | 223.3 | (0.7) | 225 | (0.5) | 228 | (0.6) | ‡ | (†) | 210 | (2.4) | ‡ | (†) | 200 | (3.6) | 73 | (1.0) | 36 | (1.0) | 8 | (0.9) |
| Department of Defense dependents schools10 |
— | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 226.1 | (0.6) | 229 | (0.5) | 235 | (0.8) | 218 | (1.6) | 223 | (1.4) | 228 | (2.1) | ‡ | (†) | 78 | (0.9) | 40 | (1.0) | 8 | (0.5) |
| Domestic schools | — | (†) | — | (†) | 219 | (1.6) | 225 | (0.7) | 223 | (1.2) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) |
| Overseas schools | — | (†) | 218 | (0.9) | 221 | (1.0) | 224 | (0.5) | 225 | (0.6) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) |
| Other jurisdictions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guam | 182 | (1.4) | 181 | (1.2) | — | (†) | 185 | (1.3) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) |
| Virgin Islands | 171 | (1.7) | — | (†) | 174 | (2.2) | 179 | (1.9) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) |
|
— Not available. † Not applicable. ‡ Reporting standards not met. 1 Scale ranges from 0 to 500. 2 Race/ethnicity based on school records. 3 Basic denotes partial mastery of the knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at the 4th-grade level. 4 Proficient represents solid academic performance for 4th-graders. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter. 5 Advanced signifies superior performance. 6 Based on nationally representative sample. 7 Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 1998. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias. 8 Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 2002. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias. 9 Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 1994. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias. 10 The definition of the nationally representative sample changed in 2005; it now includes all of the Department of Defense schools. NOTE: The reading data include students for whom accommodations were permitted except for the 1992 data. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Reading Report Card for the Nation and the States, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2007 Reading Assessments, retrieved November 8, 2007, from the NAEP Data Explorer http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/. (This table was prepared November 2007.) |
