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(35KB)| Table 45. | Percentage of 3- to 5-year-olds not yet enrolled in kindergarten who have participated in home literacy activities with a family member, by type of activity and selected child and family characteristics: 1993, 2001, and 2005 |
| Selected child and family characteristic |
Children (in thousands) | Percent participating three or more times in the past week | Visited a library2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Read to by family member | Told a story by family member | Taught letters, words, or numbers | Did arts and crafts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1993 | 2001 | 2005 | 19931 | 2001 | 2005 | 1993 | 2001 | 2005 | 1993 | 2001 | 2005 | 1993 | 2001 | 2005 | 1993 | 2001 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 8,579 | (42.0) | 8,551 | (11.0) | 9,066 | (9.0) | 78 | (0.7) | 84 | (0.8) | 86 | (0.7) | 43 | (0.9) | 54 | (0.9) | 54 | (1.0) | 58 | (0.8) | 74 | (1.0) | 77 | (0.9) | 33 | (0.8) | 46 | (1.0) | 43 | (1.2) | 38 | (1.0) | 36 | (1.1) | 42 | (1.2) |
| Age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 years old | 3,889 | (8.2) | 3,795 | (91.4) | 4,070 | (93.0) | 79 | (1.0) | 84 | (1.1) | 86 | (1.2) | 46 | (1.3) | 54 | (1.4) | 54 | (1.9) | 57 | (1.3) | 71 | (1.7) | 75 | (1.2) | 34 | (1.3) | 43 | (1.7) | 41 | (1.8) | 34 | (1.3) | 35 | (1.9) | 40 | (1.7) |
| 4 years old | 3,713 | (15.7) | 3,861 | (89.0) | 3,873 | (92.0) | 78 | (1.0) | 85 | (1.2) | 85 | (1.3) | 41 | (1.5) | 55 | (1.4) | 53 | (1.6) | 58 | (1.1) | 77 | (1.3) | 77 | (1.5) | 33 | (1.1) | 48 | (1.5) | 44 | (1.9) | 41 | (1.5) | 37 | (1.4) | 44 | (2.0) |
| 5 years old | 976 | (39.4) | 896 | (47.0) | 1,123 | (67.3) | 76 | (2.1) | 81 | (2.7) | 86 | (2.2) | 36 | (2.7) | 52 | (3.0) | 55 | (3.4) | 58 | (2.8) | 75 | (2.5) | 80 | (2.3) | 33 | (2.3) | 44 | (2.7) | 47 | (3.5) | 38 | (2.7) | 37 | (3.4) | 46 | (4.0) |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 4,453 | (60.2) | 4,292 | (79.9) | 4,707 | (99.2) | 77 | (1.0) | 82 | (1.2) | 85 | (1.2) | 43 | (1.3) | 53 | (1.4) | 53 | (1.8) | 58 | (1.0) | 73 | (1.6) | 75 | (1.4) | 31 | (1.0) | 41 | (1.3) | 39 | (1.6) | 38 | (1.5) | 35 | (1.4) | 44 | (1.6) |
| Female | 4,126 | (65.0) | 4,260 | (79.6) | 4,359 | (99.6) | 79 | (1.0) | 86 | (1.0) | 87 | (0.9) | 43 | (1.2) | 55 | (1.3) | 54 | (1.6) | 58 | (1.4) | 76 | (1.3) | 78 | (1.2) | 36 | (1.2) | 50 | (1.5) | 47 | (1.6) | 38 | (1.1) | 37 | (1.6) | 41 | (1.7) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 5,902 | (63.6) | 5,313 | (68.0) | 5,177 | (80.2) | 85 | (0.7) | 89 | (0.8) | 92 | (0.7) | 44 | (1.0) | 58 | (1.1) | 53 | (1.5) | 58 | (0.9) | 75 | (1.2) | 76 | (1.4) | 36 | (1.0) | 49 | (1.2) | 47 | (1.5) | 42 | (1.3) | 39 | (1.3) | 45 | (1.6) |
| Black | 1,271 | (44.9) | 1,251 | (55.1) | 1,233 | (57.1) | 66 | (2.4) | 77 | (2.6) | 78 | (3.1) | 39 | (2.7) | 51 | (2.9) | 54 | (3.6) | 63 | (2.7) | 78 | (3.4) | 81 | (3.1) | 28 | (2.4) | 34 | (3.3) | 39 | (4.0) | 29 | (2.6) | 31 | (2.6) | 44 | (3.8) |
| Hispanic | 1,026 | (34.1) | 1,506 | (43.5) | 1,822 | (50.0) | 58 | (2.4) | 71 | (1.9) | 72 | (2.0) | 38 | (2.2) | 42 | (2.1) | 50 | (2.4) | 54 | (1.9) | 68 | (2.0) | 74 | (2.2) | 25 | (2.1) | 42 | (2.2) | 34 | (2.5) | 26 | (1.6) | 30 | (2.0) | 32 | (2.1) |
| Other | 381 | (33.5) | 482 | (38.3) | 834 | (54.3) | 73 | (3.8) | 87 | (2.7) | 88 | (1.8) | 50 | (5.3) | 60 | (4.0) | 64 | (3.1) | 59 | (3.9) | 78 | (3.6) | 82 | (3.0) | 32 | (3.3) | 46 | (3.8) | 47 | (3.9) | 43 | (4.6) | 38 | (4.6) | 48 | (3.3) |
| Mother's highest level of education3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 1,036 | (50.1) | 996 | (54.5) | 886 | (59.4) | 60 | (2.7) | 69 | (2.8) | 64 | (3.3) | 37 | (3.2) | 43 | (3.7) | 39 | (3.5) | 56 | (2.7) | 67 | (3.0) | 70 | (3.0) | 25 | (2.2) | 30 | (2.9) | 29 | (3.2) | 22 | (2.7) | 21 | (2.4) | 23 | (3.2) |
| High school/GED | 3,268 | (79.6) | 2,712 | (89.0) | 2,687 | (117.9) | 75 | (1.3) | 81 | (1.6) | 82 | (1.6) | 41 | (1.3) | 53 | (1.7) | 51 | (2.4) | 56 | (1.3) | 73 | (1.5) | 78 | (1.9) | 30 | (1.2) | 43 | (1.7) | 39 | (2.3) | 30 | (1.8) | 30 | (1.9) | 33 | (2.5) |
| Vocational/technical or some college | 2,291 | (69.1) | 1,833 | (73.9) | 1,782 | (81.9) | 83 | (1.4) | 85 | (1.8) | 88 | (1.4) | 45 | (1.9) | 53 | (2.5) | 56 | (2.8) | 60 | (1.7) | 76 | (1.8) | 78 | (2.0) | 37 | (1.8) | 47 | (2.3) | 45 | (2.4) | 44 | (2.2) | 38 | (2.2) | 47 | (3.2) |
| Associate's degree | 332 | (25.7) | 573 | (40.9) | 680 | (44.1) | 84 | (3.1) | 89 | (2.5) | 90 | (2.3) | 44 | (4.3) | 56 | (3.2) | 60 | (3.6) | 63 | (3.9) | 78 | (3.5) | 82 | (2.8) | 39 | (4.1) | 46 | (3.8) | 50 | (3.5) | 38 | (4.1) | 42 | (4.3) | 42 | (4.1) |
| Bachelor's degree | 912 | (42.3) | 1,553 | (68.4) | 1,949 | (73.9) | 90 | (1.6) | 93 | (1.2) | 93 | (1.3) | 48 | (2.4) | 58 | (2.2) | 57 | (2.3) | 57 | (2.2) | 76 | (1.9) | 75 | (2.4) | 37 | (2.4) | 53 | (2.7) | 47 | (2.5) | 55 | (2.2) | 46 | (2.4) | 53 | (2.1) |
| Graduate/professional degree | 569 | (37.7) | 685 | (45.7) | 879 | (50.8) | 90 | (2.1) | 96 | (1.1) | 94 | (1.6) | 50 | (3.2) | 67 | (3.6) | 63 | (2.9) | 60 | (2.7) | 80 | (2.8) | 75 | (2.6) | 42 | (3.0) | 55 | (3.8) | 48 | (3.1) | 59 | (3.5) | 55 | (3.8) | 58 | (3.1) |
| Mother's employment status3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employed | 4,486 | (77.3) | 5,148 | (84.2) | 5,277 | (111.1) | 79 | (1.0) | 86 | (1.0) | 86 | (1.0) | 44 | (1.0) | 54 | (1.3) | 53 | (1.5) | 57 | (1.2) | 73 | (1.3) | 76 | (1.3) | 33 | (1.1) | 45 | (1.5) | 42 | (1.7) | 39 | (1.2) | 36 | (1.2) | 43 | (1.6) |
| Unemployed | 594 | (45.0) | 396 | (36.9) | 543 | (63.7) | 71 | (3.4) | 77 | (5.0) | 89 | (2.6) | 43 | (2.9) | 56 | (5.6) | 58 | (6.8) | 66 | (3.7) | 73 | (5.0) | 81 | (3.6) | 33 | (3.9) | 38 | (5.2) | 39 | (5.1) | 37 | (3.7) | 37 | (4.8) | 39 | (4.5) |
| Not in labor force | 3,328 | (72.9) | 2,809 | (73.3) | 3,043 | (96.5) | 79 | (1.3) | 83 | (1.4) | 85 | (1.3) | 43 | (1.5) | 54 | (2.0) | 55 | (2.0) | 58 | (1.5) | 76 | (1.7) | 76 | (1.6) | 34 | (1.4) | 48 | (2.0) | 45 | (1.8) | 37 | (1.4) | 38 | (1.9) | 43 | (1.9) |
| Family composition of household | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Two parents | 6,226 | (78.1) | 6,416 | (75.1) | 7,000 | (68.7) | 81 | (0.7) | 87 | (0.8) | 87 | (0.8) | 44 | (1.0) | 55 | (1.0) | 53 | (1.1) | 57 | (0.9) | 74 | (1.1) | 76 | (1.1) | 35 | (0.9) | 48 | (1.1) | 44 | (1.2) | 41 | (1.2) | 38 | (1.2) | 43 | (1.3) |
| None or one parent | 2,353 | (66.5) | 2,135 | (75.1) | 2,066 | (69.3) | 71 | (1.7) | 76 | (2.0) | 83 | (1.7) | 41 | (2.0) | 51 | (2.2) | 55 | (2.6) | 59 | (2.1) | 73 | (2.2) | 78 | (2.0) | 30 | (1.9) | 39 | (2.3) | 41 | (2.6) | 30 | (1.7) | 30 | (2.1) | 40 | (2.6) |
| Poverty status4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Above poverty threshold | 6,323 | (62.1) | 6,620 | (61.6) | 7,095 | (62.9) | 82 | (0.7) | 87 | (0.8) | 88 | (0.8) | 44 | (0.9) | 55 | (0.9) | 55 | (1.1) | 57 | (0.8) | 75 | (1.1) | 77 | (1.1) | 36 | (0.9) | 47 | (1.0) | 45 | (1.4) | 41 | (1.2) | 39 | (1.2) | 44 | (1.3) |
| At or below poverty threshold | 2,256 | (56.6) | 1,931 | (62.1) | 1,971 | (63.7) | 67 | (1.6) | 74 | (2.3) | 78 | (1.9) | 39 | (1.8) | 51 | (2.7) | 51 | (2.7) | 60 | (2.0) | 72 | (2.4) | 76 | (2.1) | 27 | (1.9) | 40 | (2.4) | 38 | (2.8) | 28 | (2.0) | 27 | (2.2) | 36 | (2.5) |
| 1 In 1993, respondents were asked about reading frequency in one of two versions. The percentages presented in the table are for all of the respondents who answered three or more times on either version of the questions. 2 Refers to visiting a library at least once in the past month. 3 Excludes children who did not have a mother (birth, adoptive, step, or foster) residing in their household and also did not have a female respondent on the telephone. 4 Poverty status was determined by household income and number of persons in household. NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic origin. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Readiness Survey and Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (SR-NHES:1993 and ECPP-NHES:2001 and 2005). (This table was prepared October 2006.) |
