Average scale score in reading for 4th-graders in public schools, by race/ethnicity and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1994 to 2003

Table 114.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                         |  1994    |  1998    |  2002    |                           2003
                         |__________|__________|__________|_________________________________________________________________
        State or         |          |          |          |          |               Race/ethnicity\1\
      jurisdiction       |          |          |          |          |______________________________________________________
                         | Average  | Average  | Average  | Average  |          |          |          |          |American
                         |          |          |          |          | White,   |  Black,  | Hispanic |  Asian/  |Indian/
                         |          |          |          |          |  non-    |   non-   |          | Pacific  |Alaska
                         |          |          |          |          |Hispanic  | Hispanic |          | Islander |Native
_________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
            1            |    2     |   3      |   4      |   5      |   6      |   7      |   8      |   9      |  10
_________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
  United States\2\ ......|212  (1.1)| 213 (1.2)| 217 (0.5)| 216 (0.3)| 227 (0.2)| 197 (0.4)| 199 (0.6)| 225 (1.3)| 202 (1.4)
                         |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
Alabama .................| 208 (1.5)| 211 (1.9)| 207 (1.4)| 207 (1.7)| 219 (1.5)| 188 (2.5)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Alaska ..................| --- (---)| --- (---)| --- (---)| 212 (1.6)| 226 (1.2)| 209 (3.5)| 209 (3.0)| 207 (4.5)| 184 (2.5)
Arizona  ................| 206 (1.9)| 206 (1.4)| 205 (1.5)| 209 (1.2)| 223 (1.4)| 196 (3.4)| 195 (1.9)| 225 (4.9)| 182 (2.5)
Arkansas ................| 209 (1.7)| 209 (1.6)| 213 (1.4)| 214 (1.4)| 223 (1.3)| 190 (2.3)| 204(4.1)!|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
California\3,4\ .........| 197 (1.8)| 202 (2.5)| 206 (2.5)| 206 (1.2)| 224 (1.7)| 193 (3.1)| 191 (1.3)| 224 (3.2)|  ‡   (‡)
                         |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Colorado ................| 213 (1.3)| 220 (1.4)| --- (---)| 224 (1.2)| 232 (1.2)| 208 (2.6)| 205 (1.6)| 225 (3.7)|  ‡   (‡)
Connecticut .............| 222 (1.6)| 230 (1.6)| 229 (1.1)| 228 (1.1)| 238 (1.2)| 201 (2.2)| 206 (2.5)| 231 (3.9)|  ‡   (‡)
Delaware ................| 206 (1.1)| 207 (1.7)| 224 (0.6)| 224 (0.7)| 233 (0.7)| 211 (1.1)| 209 (3.0)| 238 (3.5)|  ‡   (‡)
District of Columbia ....| --- (---)| 179 (1.2)| 191 (0.9)| 188 (0.9)| 254 (2.6)| 184 (0.8)| 187 (2.8)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Florida .................| 205 (1.7)| 206 (1.4)| 214 (1.4)| 218 (1.1)| 229 (1.3)| 198 (1.9)| 211 (2.2)| 233 (6.2)|  ‡   (‡)
                         |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Georgia .................| 207 (2.4)| 209 (1.4)| 215 (1.0)| 214 (1.3)| 226 (1.4)| 199 (1.3)| 201 (3.5)| 233 (6.2)|  ‡   (‡)
Hawaii ..................| 201 (1.7)| 200 (1.5)| 208 (0.9)| 208 (1.4)| 221 (2.2)| 211 (3.0)| 204 (4.7)| 205 (1.6)|  ‡   (‡)
Idaho ...................| --- (---)| --- (---)| 220 (1.1)| 218 (1.0)| 222 (0.9)|  ‡   (‡) | 199 (2.1)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Illinois ................| --- (---)| --- (---)| --- (---)| 216 (1.6)| 228 (1.8)| 194 (1.8)| 197 (3.1)| 235 (4.9)|  ‡   (‡)
Indiana .................| 220 (1.3)| --- (---)| 222 (1.4)| 220 (1.0)| 224 (1.0)| 197 (3.9)| 212(3.1)!|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
                         |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Iowa\3,4\ ...............| 223 (1.3)| 220 (1.6)| 223 (1.1)| 223 (1.1)| 226 (1.1)| 196 (2.7)| 205 (3.6)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Kansas\3,4\ .............| --- (---)| 221 (1.4)| 222 (1.4)| 220 (1.2)| 225 (1.3)| 197 (2.9)| 207 (2.5)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Kentucky ................| 212 (1.6)| 218 (1.5)| 219 (1.1)| 219 (1.3)| 221 (1.2)| 202 (3.3)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Louisiana ...............| 197 (1.3)| 200 (1.6)| 207 (1.7)| 205 (1.4)| 223 (1.4)| 189 (1.6)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Maine ...................| 228 (1.3)| 225 (1.4)| 225 (1.1)| 224 (0.9)| 224 (0.9)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
                         |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Maryland ................| 210 (1.5)| 212 (1.6)| 217 (1.5)| 219 (1.4)| 231 (1.5)| 200 (2.1)| 209 (4.5)| 237 (4.0)|  ‡   (‡)
Massachusetts\3\ ........| 223 (1.3)| 223 (1.4)| 234 (1.1)| 228 (1.2)| 234 (1.3)| 207 (1.6)| 202 (2.1)| 229 (3.4)|  ‡   (‡)
Michigan ................| --- (---)| 216 (1.5)| 219 (1.1)| 219 (1.2)| 228 (0.9)| 189 (2.0)| 205(3.4)!| 232(8.4)!|  ‡   (‡)
Minnesota\3,4\ ..........| 218 (1.4)| 219 (1.7)| 225 (1.1)| 223 (1.1)| 229 (1.0)| 194 (3.4)| 195 (3.7)| 197 (2.8)|  ‡   (‡)
Mississippi .............| 202 (1.6)| 203 (1.3)| 203 (1.3)| 205 (1.3)| 221 (1.3)| 192 (1.7)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
                         |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Missouri ................| 217 (1.5)| 216 (1.3)| 220 (1.3)| 222 (1.2)| 227 (1.3)| 203 (1.7)| 218 (4.2)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Montana\3,4\ ............| 222 (1.4)| 225 (1.5)| 224 (1.8)| 223 (1.2)| 227 (1.0)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) | 195 (4.0)
Nebraska\5\ .............| 220 (1.5)| --- (---)| 222 (1.5)| 221 (1.0)| 225 (1.1)| 203 (2.9)| 202 (2.7)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Nevada ..................|---   --- | 206 (1.8)| 209 (1.2)| 207 (1.2)| 217 (1.5)| 193 (3.0)| 192 (2.0)| 214 (2.6)| 190(6.0)!
New Hampshire\3\ ........| 223 (1.5)| 226 (1.7)| --- (---)| 228 (1.0)| 229 (0.9)|  ‡   (‡) | 206 (4.5)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
                         |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
New Jersey ..............| 219 (1.2)| --- (---)| --- (---)| 225 (1.2)| 235 (1.4)| 200 (3.3)| 212 (2.1)| 235 (3.3)|  ‡   (‡)
New Mexico ..............| 205 (1.7)| 205 (1.4)| 208 (1.6)| 203 (1.5)| 222 (2.0)| 202 (5.2)| 197 (1.9)|  ‡   (‡) | 182 (2.6)
New York\3,4\ ...........| 212 (1.4)| 215 (1.6)| 222 (1.5)| 222 (1.1)| 235 (1.3)| 203 (1.9)| 208 (1.9)| 230 (2.5)|  ‡   (‡)
North Carolina ..........| 214 (1.5)| 213 (1.6)| 222 (1.0)| 221 (1.0)| 232 (1.1)| 203 (1.2)| 212 (2.8)| 227 (3.8)| 200(5.5)!
North Dakota\4\ .........| 225 (1.2)| --- (---)| 224 (1.0)| 222 (0.9)| 224 (0.9)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) | 202 (1.8)
                         |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Ohio  ...................| --- (---)| --- (---)| 222 (1.3)| 222 (1.2)| 226 (1.3)| 202 (2.4)| 207 (5.7)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Oklahoma ................| --- (---)| 219 (1.2)| 213 (1.2)| 214 (1.2)| 220 (1.3)| 195 (2.5)| 200 (3.0)|  ‡   (‡) | 206 (2.9)
Oregon ..................| --- (---)| 212 (1.8)| 220 (1.4)| 218 (1.3)| 222 (1.2)| 202 (5.1)| 199 (2.3)| 219 (4.0)|  ‡   (‡)
Pennsylvania\5\ .........| 215 (1.6)| --- (---)| 221 (1.2)| 219 (1.3)| 227 (1.2)| 191 (2.3)| 195(4.4)!|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Rhode Island\5\ .........| 220 (1.3)| 218 (1.4)| 220 (1.2)| 216 (1.3)| 224 (1.3)| 196 (3.3)| 196 (2.7)| 221 (3.5)|  ‡   (‡)
                         |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
South Carolina ..........| 203 (1.4)| 209 (1.4)| 214 (1.3)| 215 (1.3)| 226 (1.5)| 199 (1.4)| 205 (5.7)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
South Dakota ............| --- (---)| --- (---)| --- (---)| 222 (1.2)| 227 (0.9)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) | 197 (3.4)
Tennessee\4,5\ ..........| 213 (1.7)| 212 (1.4)| 214 (1.2)| 212 (1.6)| 220 (1.4)| 188 (2.7)| 206 (5.6)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Texas ...................| 212 (1.9)| 214 (1.9)| 217 (1.7)| 215 (1.0)| 227 (1.6)| 202 (1.9)| 205 (1.3)| 229(4.3)!|  ‡   (‡)
Utah ....................| 217 (1.3)| 216 (1.2)| 222 (1.0)| 219 (1.0)| 223 (1.0)|  ‡   (‡) | 194 (2.7)| 212 (5.1)|  ‡   (‡)
                         |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Vermont..................| --- (---)| --- (---)| 227 (1.1)| 226 (0.9)| 226 (0.9)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Virginia ................| 213 (1.5)| 217 (1.2)| 225 (1.3)| 223 (1.5)| 231 (2.0)| 206 (2.1)| 210 (3.0)| 235 (4.5)|  ‡   (‡)
Washington\4\  ..........| 213 (1.5)| 218 (1.4)| 224 (1.2)| 221 (1.1)| 226 (1.1)| 212 (2.4)| 201 (2.7)| 218 (2.9)| 208 (4.9)
West Virginia ...........| 213 (1.1)| 216 (1.7)| 219 (1.2)| 219 (1.0)| 220 (1.0)| 203 (3.7)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
Wisconsin\3,4,5\ ........| 224 (1.1)| 222 (1.1)| --- (---)| 221 (0.8)| 225 (1.0)| 200 (2.5)| 209(3.5)!| 213 (4.6)| 211(3.5)!
Wyoming .................| 221 (1.2)| 218 (1.5)| 221 (1.0)| 222 (0.8)| 224 (0.8)|  ‡   (‡) | 214 (2.5)|  ‡   (‡) | 189 (3.5)
                         |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
                         |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Department of Defense    |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  dependents schools:    |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  Domestic schools ......| --- (---)| 219 (1.6)| 225 (0.7)| 223 (1.2)| 232 (1.6)| 213 (2.1)| 216 (3.0)|  ‡   (‡) |  ‡   (‡)
  Overseas schools ......| 218 (0.9)| 221 (1.0)| 224 (0.5)| 225 (0.6)| 230 (1.0)| 215 (1.7)| 220 (2.1)| 223 (2.0)|  ‡   (‡)
                         |==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========
     Outlying areas      |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
Guam ....................| 181 (1.2)| --- (---)| 185 (1.3)| --- (---)| --- (---)| --- (---)| --- (---)| --- (---)|--- (---)
Virgin Islands ..........| --- (---)| 174 (2.2)| 179 (1.9)| --- (---)| --- (---)| --- (---)| --- (---)| --- (---)|--- (---)
_________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________

---Jurisdiction did not participate.
!Interpret data with caution.
‡Sample size is insufficient to permit a reliable estimate.
\1\Based on school records.
\2\Based on nationally representative sample. Forty-one states and Guam participated in the test in 1994; 44 jurisdictions (state, territory, and Department of Defense schools) participated in 1998; 50 jurisdictions participated in 2002; and 53 participated in 2003.
\3\Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school sample participation rates in 1998. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias.
\4\Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school sample participation rates in 2002. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias.
\5\Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school sample participation rates in 1994. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias.

NOTE: These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Unlike data for previous years, the 2002 and 2003 data are from samples where accommodations were permitted for special needs students. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP 1998, 2002, and 2003 Reading Report Cards for the Nation and the States, prepared by the Educational Testing Service. (This table was prepared August 2004.)

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