Governmental expenditures, by level of government and function: 1970-71 to 1997-98

Table 31.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                      |              All governments\1\           |            Federal government             |    State and local governments\2\
       Expenditure, by function       |___________________________________________|___________________________________________|_______________________________________________________________________________
                                      | 1970-71 | 1980-81 |  1990-91  |  1994-95  | 1970-71 | 1980-81 |  1990-91  |  1994-95  | 1970-71 | 1980-81 |  1990-91  |  1994-95  |  1995-96  |  1996-97  |  1997-98
______________________________________|_________|_________|___________|___________|_________|_________|___________|___________|_________|_________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________
                  1                   |    2    |    3    |     4     |     5     |    6    |    7    |     8     |     9     |   10    |   11    |    12     |    13     |    14     |    15     |    16
______________________________________|_________|_________|___________|___________|_________|_________|___________|___________|_________|_________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________
                                      |                                                                  In millions
                                      |_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
General expenditures .................|$301,096 |$827,877 |$1,804,005 |$2,059,334 |$150,422 |$422,301 |$1,060,407 |$1,146,827 |$150,674 |$407,449 |  $908,108 |$1,146,188 |$1,189,356 |$1,247,436 |$1,314,496
                                      |_________|_________|___________|___________|_________|_________|___________|___________|_________|_________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________
Selected federal programs             |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
  National defense and international  |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
    relations ........................|  80,910 | 174,564 |   366,112 |   327,231 |  80,910 | 174,564 |   366,112 |   327,231 |     --- |     --- |     ---   |       --- |       --- |       --- |       ---
  Postal service .....................|   8,683 |  20,466 |    43,102 |    49,482 |   8,683 |  20,466 |    43,102 |    49,482 |     --- |     --- |     ---   |       --- |       --- |       --- |       ---
  Space research and technology ......|   3,334 |   5,523 |    13,514 |    13,316 |   3,334 |   5,523 |    13,514 |    13,316 |     --- |     --- |     ---   |       --- |       --- |       --- |       ---
Education and libraries ..............|  64,042 | 158,012 |   334,333 |   410,827 |   4,629 |  12,408 |    46,025 |    55,794 |  60,174 | 147,649 |   313,744 |   383,557 |   404,579 |   425,346 |   456,934
Social services and income maintenance|         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
  Public welfare .....................|  20,446 |  74,643 |   167,681 |   250,356 |   2,220 |  22,395 |   119,135 |   177,874 |  18,226 |  54,121 |   130,402 |   193,110 |   193,480 |   199,973 |   204,640
  Hospitals and health ...............|  14,835 |  47,378 |   102,817 |   132,463 |   3,630 |  11,277 |    28,207 |    36,392 |  11,205 |  36,101 |    81,110 |   105,946 |   110,813 |   110,332 |   114,024
  Social insurance administration ....|   2,031 |   5,075 |    27,356 |    31,350 |   1,086 |  16,575 |    23,949 |    27,198 |     945 |   2,333 |     3,407 |     4,152 |     4,156 |     4,252 |     4,422
Transportation .......................|  23,722 |  46,578 |    84,048 |    99,064 |   4,062 |   7,724 |    23,250 |    29,871 |  19,819 |  39,231 |    75,410 |    88,938 |    91,639 |    96,165 |   101,826
Public safety                         |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
  Police and fire protection .........|   5,706 |  16,851 |    52,738 |    65,627 |     478 |   1,904 |     6,170 |     7,563 |   7,531 |  21,283 |    46,568 |    58,064 |    62,392 |    67,026 |    70,744
  Correction .........................|   1,979 |   7,806 |    29,297 |    38,922 |      94 |     413 |     1,941 |     3,065 |   1,885 |   7,393 |    27,356 |    35,857 |    37,510 |    39,946 |    42,479
Environment and housing               |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
  Natural resources, parks, recreation|  13,740 |  43,599 |    74,667 |    75,133 |  10,658 |  38,896 |    48,415 |    44,752 |   5,191 |  13,239 |    28,505 |    33,140 |    34,955 |    37,333 |    39,857
  Housing and community development ..|   4,467 |  13,894 |    33,346 |    36,721 |   1,913 |   6,808 |    30,199 |    40,351 |   2,554 |   7,086 |    16,648 |    21,509 |    22,666 |    23,230 |    24,697
  Sewerage and sanitation ............|     --- |     --- |    31,014 |    38,573 |     --- |     --- |       --- |       --- |   4,087 |  14,898 |    31,014 |    38,573 |    39,365 |    41,549 |    41,765
Governmental administration           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
  Financial administration ...........|   3,612 |  10,944 |    27,204 |    34,824 |   1,341 |   3,714 |    10,209 |    12,444 |   2,271 |   7,230 |    16,995 |    22,380 |    22,633 |    24,400 |    25,914
  General control\3\ .................|   3,567 |  11,514 |    36,977 |    44,610 |     540 |   1,973 |     5,511 |     6,972 |   4,432 |  12,771 |    31,466 |    37,638 |    39,512 |    42,243 |    44,813
Interest on general debt .............|  21,688 |  97,641 |   247,376 |   290,195 |  16,599 |  80,510 |   195,142 |   233,225 |   5,089 |  17,131 |    52,234 |    56,970 |    58,912 |    62,422 |    64,554
Other and unallocable ................|  28,334 |  93,389 |   132,424 |   120,641 |  10,245 |  17,151 |    99,526 |    81,297 |   7,265 |  26,983 |    53,250 |    66,355 |    66,744 |    73,217 |    77,829
                                      |================================================================================================= =====================|===========|===========|===========|===========
                                      |                                                        Percentage distribution
                                      |_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
General expenditures .................|   100.0 |   100.0 |     100.0 |     100.0 |   100.0 |   100.0 |     100.0 |     100.0 |   100.0 |   100.0 |     100.0 |     100.0 |     100.0 |     100.0 |     100.0
                                      |_________|_________|___________|___________|_________|_________|___________|___________|_________|_________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________
Selected federal programs             |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
  National defense and international  |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
    relations ........................|    26.9 |    21.1 |      20.3 |      15.9 |    53.8 |    41.3 |      34.5 |      28.5 |     --- |     --- |     ---   |       --- |       --- |       --- |       ---
  Postal service .....................|     2.9 |     2.5 |       2.4 |       2.4 |     5.8 |     4.8 |       4.1 |       4.3 |     --- |     --- |     ---   |       --- |       --- |       --- |       ---
  Space research and technology ......|     1.1 |     0.7 |       0.7 |       0.6 |     2.2 |     1.3 |       1.3 |       1.2 |     --- |     --- |     ---   |       --- |       --- |       --- |       ---
Education and libraries ..............|    21.3 |    19.1 |      18.5 |      19.9 |     3.1 |     2.9 |       4.3 |       4.9 |    39.9 |    36.2 |      34.5 |      33.5 |      34.0 |      34.1 |      34.8
Social services and income maintenance|         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
  Public welfare .....................|     6.8 |     9.0 |       9.3 |      12.2 |     1.5 |     5.3 |      11.2 |      15.5 |    12.1 |    13.3 |      14.4 |      16.8 |      16.3 |      16.0 |      15.6
  Hospitals and health ...............|     4.9 |     5.7 |       5.7 |       6.4 |     2.4 |     2.7 |       2.7 |       3.2 |     7.4 |     8.9 |       8.9 |       9.2 |       9.3 |       8.8 |       8.7
  Social insurance administration ....|     0.7 |     0.6 |       1.5 |       1.5 |     0.7 |     3.9 |       2.3 |       2.4 |     0.6 |     0.6 |       0.4 |       0.4 |       0.3 |       0.3 |       0.3
Transportation .......................|     7.9 |     5.6 |       4.7 |       4.8 |     2.7 |     1.8 |       2.2 |       2.6 |    13.2 |     9.6 |       8.3 |       7.8 |       7.7 |       7.7 |       7.7
Public safety                         |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
  Police and fire protection .........|     1.9 |     2.0 |       2.9 |       3.2 |     0.3 |     0.5 |       0.6 |       0.7 |     5.0 |     5.2 |       5.1 |       5.1 |       5.2 |       5.4 |       5.4
  Correction .........................|     0.7 |     0.9 |       1.6 |       1.9 |     0.1 |     0.1 |       0.2 |       0.3 |     1.3 |     1.8 |       3.0 |       3.1 |       3.2 |       3.2 |       3.2
Environment and housing               |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
  Natural resources, parks, recreation|     4.6 |     5.3 |       4.1 |       3.6 |     7.1 |     9.2 |       4.6 |       3.9 |     3.4 |     3.2 |       3.1 |       2.9 |       2.9 |       3.0 |       3.0
  Housing and community development ..|     1.5 |     1.7 |       1.8 |       1.8 |     1.3 |     1.6 |       2.8 |       3.5 |     1.7 |     1.7 |       1.8 |       1.9 |       1.9 |       1.9 |       1.9
  Sewerage and sanitation ............|     --- |     --- |       1.7 |       1.9 |     0.0 |     0.0 |       0.0 |       0.0 |     2.7 |     3.7 |       3.4 |       3.4 |       3.3 |       3.3 |       3.2
Governmental administration           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |         |         |           |           |           |           |
  Financial administration ...........|     1.2 |     1.3 |       1.5 |       1.7 |     0.9 |     0.9 |       1.0 |       1.1 |     1.5 |     1.8 |       1.9 |       2.0 |       1.9 |       2.0 |       2.0
  General control\3\ .................|     1.2 |     1.4 |       2.0 |       2.2 |     0.4 |     0.5 |       0.5 |       0.6 |     2.9 |     3.1 |       3.5 |       3.3 |       3.3 |       3.4 |       3.4
Interest on general debt .............|     7.2 |    11.8 |      13.7 |      14.1 |    11.0 |    19.1 |      18.4 |      20.3 |     3.4 |     4.2 |       5.8 |       5.0 |       5.0 |       5.0 |       4.9
Other and unallocable ................|     9.4 |    11.3 |       7.3 |       5.9 |     6.8 |     4.1 |       9.4 |       7.1 |     4.8 |     6.6 |       5.9 |       5.8 |       5.6 |       5.9 |       5.9
______________________________________|_________|_________|___________|___________|_________|_________|___________|___________|_________|_________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________
---Not available.
\1\Excludes duplicative intergovernmental transactions.
\2\General expenditures include monies paid by states to the federal government, which are excluded from direct general expenditures.
\3\Includes judicial and legal expenditures and expenditures on general and public buildings and other governmental administration.
NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, unpublished data. (This table was prepared January 2002.)