Crime & Safety Surveys (CSS)
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Table 5.  Percentage of students ages 12–18 who reported seeing hate-related graffiti at school or hate-related messages on school websites or being called a hate-related word during school, and among those who were called a hate-related word, percentage who reported the hate-related word was related to various personal characteristics, by selected school characteristics: School year 2021–22
School characteristics Saw hate-
related graffiti
at school		   Saw hate-related electronic messages on school websites   Called any
hate-related
words during
school		   Of those who were called a hate-related
word during school, word was related to:
          Race     Religion   Ethnicity   Disability   Gender   Sexual orientation  
Total 22.5   4.1   7.1   51.7   10.2   30.2   11.8   19.5   28.6  
Region                                    
Northeast 23.1   3.4 ! 7.5   54.3   14.9 ! 25.2   9.2 ! 21.7 ! 22.4 !
Midwest 23.2   3.3 ! 7.3   34.2   9.7 ! 24.0   20.2   18.0   46.7  
South 22.8   5.1   7.8   55.7   10.0 ! 27.9   9.6 ! 18.4   25.9  
West 24.0   4.5 ! 6.5   58.4   8.0 ! 43.3   11.2 ! 22.4   21.4  
Sector                                    
Public 24.5   4.4   7.7   51.7   9.6   30.5   12.6   20.2   30.0  
Private1 6.7   ‡   2.8   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡  
Catholic 10.1 ! ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡  
Other religious ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡  
Nonsectarian 7.3 ! ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡  
Locale                                    
City 25.5   4.4   8.9   53.7   8.1 ! 32.7   11.6   18.2   22.1  
Suburb 22.1   4.3   6.3   44.2   15.8   30.9   11.3   24.9   33.3  
Town 22.8   5.4 ! 6.7   72.8   ‡   46.8 ! 28.3 ! 18.6 ! 22.5 !
Rural 22.7   3.2 ! 7.8   48.8   ‡   15.8 ! 6.8 ! 14.4   36.5  
Level2                                    
Elementary 14.5   #   8.7   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡  
Middle 24.7   3.7   9.8   50.6   10.3 ! 33.0   16.6   18.9   29.1  
Secondary or High 23.7   4.9   5.9   55.9   9.7   31.5   8.6   21.9   30.9  
Other 10.6   ‡   4.1   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡  
Enrollment size                                    
Less than 300 students 17.3   4.3 ! 9.1   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡  
300–599 18.7   2.1 ! 7.6   42.9   13.4 ! 19.6 ! 16.7 ! 20.5 ! 22.5 !
600–999 24.4   3.2   7.2   47.0   9.4 ! 30.2   16.7   15.9   28.3  
1,000–1,499 24.0   5.7 ! 7.2   47.1   7.4 ! 29.1   12.8 ! 26.9   36.3  
1,500–1,999 27.0   5.1 ! 5.0   48.4   ‡   24.5 ! ‡   22.2 ! 28.8  
2,000 or more students 26.3   6.1 ! 8.3   65.7   11.9 ! 36.6   ‡   18.9 ! 24.7 !
Student to full-time-equivalent (FTE) teacher ratio                                    
Less than 13 students 18.2   4.6 ! 7.0   62.5   21.6   20.2   12.7 ! 22.9 ! 19.5 !
13 to less than 16 students 23.2   3.0 ! 7.0   47.1   ‡   23.4   11.4 ! 18.5   25.5  
16 to less than 20 students 25.5   5.9   8.6   55.3   6.7 ! 34.0   16.0   20.7   30.7  
20 or more students 25.5   4.3 ! 7.5   44.1   16.4 ! 36.9   ‡   17.6   30.0  
Percent of students of color enrolled3                                    
Less than 5 percent 24.8   #   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡  
5 to less than 20 percent 21.5   4.4   7.1   41.2   ‡   25.6 ! 13.4 ! 18.0 ! 42.9  
20 to less than 50 percent 24.8   5.3   7.5   44.7   10.8   23.3   11.2   21.4   27.9  
50 percent or more 23.4   3.7   7.6   60.7   12.0   36.3   13.1   20.2   22.7  
Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch4                                    
0 to less than 20 percent 21.8   ‡   6.4   ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡   25.8 ! 21.9 !
20 to less than 50 percent 25.1   4.7   7.3   51.4   ‡   27.0   11.9 ! 16.4   32.3  
50 percent or more 24.7   6.1   8.4   60.7   15.0   38.9   16.0   24.3   22.7  
# Rounds to zero.
! Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is 30–50 percent of the estimate's value.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.
1 Total for private schools includes Catholic schools, other religious schools, nonsectarian schools, and schools with no religious affiliation data reported.
2 The School Crime Supplement sample includes students ages 12–18 who were enrolled in grades 6–12. Elementary schools are predominantly composed of students in grades K-5. Therefore, comparisons between elementary and other school levels should be made with caution. The “Secondary or High” level combines the “Secondary” and “High” school levels as defined in the 2020–21 Common Core of Data (CCD; NCES, 2022), which together are predominantly composed of students in grades 9–12. School level is based on student-reported data when student-reported school could not be matched to the 2020–21 CCD.
3 Students of color include those who are American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black, Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and of two or more races.
4 Data on free or reduced-price lunch eligibility are only available for public schools.
NOTE: Data include only students who reported being enrolled in grades 6–12 and not receiving any of their education through homeschooling during the school year. “During school” includes interactions in the school building; on school property; on the school bus; going to and from school; and using the phone, internet, or social media during the 2021–22 school year. Perceived hate-related words due to personal characteristics totals may sum to more than 100 percent because students could have reported hearing more than one type of hate-related word. Data on school characteristics were not available for 9.0 percent of all students who did not match to a school in the CCD or the Private School Universe Survey (PSS) data.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, 2022.

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