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Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education

Physical Fights on School Property and Anywhere

Last Updated: May 2021
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This indicator also appears under School Crime and Safety.
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The percentage of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight anywhere during the previous 12 months was lower in 2019 than in 2009 (22 vs. 31 percent), and the percentage who reported having been in a physical fight on school property in the previous 12 months was also lower in 2019 than in 2009 (8 vs. 11 percent).
In the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), students in grades 9–12 were asked about their involvement in physical fights, both in general (referred to as “anywhere” in this indicator) and on school property, during the 12 months preceding the survey.1 In this indicator, percentages of students reporting involvement in a physical fight occurring anywhere are used as a point of comparison with percentages of students reporting involvement in a physical fight occurring on school property. Involvement in physical fights includes both aggressors and unwilling participants, or victims. This indicator examines differences in physical fighting by several characteristics, including gender, race/ethnicity, sexual identity, and grade-level.

Select a subgroup characteristic from the drop-down menu below to view relevant text and figures.

All available findings Grade level/Student level Race/ethnicity Sex or gender Sexual identity State/jurisdiction Time series Other
Figure 1. Percentage of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight at least one time during the previous 12 months, by location and sex: Selected years, 2009 through 2019
Figure 1. Percentage of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight at least one time during the previous 12 months, by location and sex: Selected years, 2009 through 2019

NOTE: The term “anywhere” is not used in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) questionnaire; students were simply asked how many times in the past 12 months they had been in a physical fight. In the question asking students about physical fights at school, “on school property” was not defined for respondents.

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), 2009 through 2019. See Digest of Education Statistics 2020, table 231.10.

In 2019, the percentage of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight anywhere during the previous 12 months was about 22 percent overall, ranging from 17 percent in Hawaii, Iowa, and Maine to 29 percent in the District of Columbia.2,3 The percentage who reported having been in a physical fight on school property during the previous 12 months was 8 percent overall, and it ranged from 6 percent in Maine, Kentucky, South Dakota, and Massachusetts to 15 percent in California.4 Overall, the percentage of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight anywhere during the previous 12 months was lower in 2019 than in 2009 (22 vs. 31 percent), and the percentage of students who reported having been in a physical fight on school property was also lower in 2019 than in 2009 (8 vs. 11 percent). [Time series ] [State/jurisdiction]
In every survey year from 2009 to 2019, a higher percentage of male students than of female students in grades 9–12 reported having been in a physical fight during the previous 12 months, both anywhere and on school property. In 2019, for example, 28 percent of male students, compared with 15 percent of female students, reported having been in a physical fight anywhere; 11 percent of male students, compared with 4 percent of female students, reported having been in a physical fight on school property. [Time series ] [Sex or gender]
Similar to the pattern for students overall, the percentages of both male and female students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight, both anywhere and on school property, during the previous 12 months were lower in 2019 than in 2009. For example, 11 percent of male students reported having been in a physical fight on school property in 2019, compared with 15 percent in 2009; similarly, 4 percent of female students reported having been in a physical fight on school property in 2019, compared with 7 percent in 2009. [Time series ] [Sex or gender]
Figure 2. Percentage of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight at least one time during the previous 12 months, by race/ethnicity and location: 2019
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A confidence interval is a range of values that describes the uncertainty surrounding an estimate. Throughout the Condition of Education, confidence intervals are calculated as the estimate +/- the margin of error, based on a 95 percent level of confidence. This means that there is 95 percent certainty that the range includes the true or actual value of the statistic.
Confidence Interval
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! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

NOTE: To estimate the margin of error, the standard error is scaled based on the desired level of confidence in the estimate. Throughout the Condition of Education, margins of error are produced based on a 95 percent level of confidence. Margin of error is calculated as 1.96*standard error. The term “anywhere” is not used in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) questionnaire; students were simply asked how many times in the past 12 months they had been in a physical fight. In the question asking students about physical fights at school, “on school property” was not defined for respondents. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), 2019. See Digest of Education Statistics 2020, table 231.10.

The percentages of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight, both anywhere and on school property, during the previous 12 months differed by race/ethnicity. For example, in 2019, the percentages of students who reported having been in a physical fight anywhere were higher for American Indian/Alaska Native students (40 percent), Black students (30 percent), and students of Two or more races (29 percent) than for Hispanic students (23 percent) and White students (20 percent); the percentage for Asian students (12 percent) was lower compared with all these groups. In addition, the percentages of students who reported having been in a physical fight anywhere were higher for American Indian/Alaska Native students and Black students than for Pacific Islander students (18 percent). Of students who reported having been in a physical fight on school property, the percentages were higher for those who were American Indian/Alaska Native (19 percent), Black (15 percent), and of Two or more races (11 percent) than for those who were White (6 percent) and Asian (5 percent). In addition, the percentage of students who reported having been in a physical fight on school property was higher for Black students than for students of Two or more races and Hispanic students (8 percent). [Race/ethnicity ]
The percentages of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight anywhere during the previous 12 months decreased between 2009 and 2019 for White students (from 28 to 20 percent), Black students (from 41 to 30 percent), Hispanic students (from 36 to 23 percent), and Asian students (from 19 to 12 percent). Additionally, for Pacific Islander students, the percentage was lower in 2019 than in 2009 (18 vs. 33 percent) but fluctuated in the intervening years. However, there were no measurable differences between the percentages in these two years for American Indian/Alaska Native students and students of Two or more races. Of students who reported having been in a physical fight on school property, the percentage was lower in 2019 than in 2009 for White students (6 vs. 9 percent) and Hispanic students (8 vs. 14 percent), but there were no measurable differences between the percentages in these two years for the other racial/ethnic groups. [Time series ] [Race/ethnicity ]
Since 2015, the YRBSS has included a question on students’ sexual identity by asking students in grades 9–12 which of the following best described them—”heterosexual (straight),” “gay or lesbian,” “bisexual,” or “not sure.”5 In 2019, there were no measurable differences by sexual identity in the percentages of students who reported having been involved in a physical fight, both anywhere and on school property. [Sexual identity]
Figure 3. Percentage of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight at least one time during the previous 12 months, by grade and location: 2019
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Users can select any combination of available years and categories in any figure format (i.e., bar or table). The initial selection of years and categories may not be optimal in different views.
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A confidence interval is a range of values that describes the uncertainty surrounding an estimate. Throughout the Condition of Education, confidence intervals are calculated as the estimate +/- the margin of error, based on a 95 percent level of confidence. This means that there is 95 percent certainty that the range includes the true or actual value of the statistic.
Confidence Interval
Bar | Table
Users can select years at irregular intervals. However, as a result, the distance between the data points will not be proportional to the number of years between them.
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NOTE: To estimate the margin of error, the standard error is scaled based on the desired level of confidence in the estimate. Throughout the Condition of Education, margins of error are produced based on a 95 percent level of confidence. Margin of error is calculated as 1.96*standard error. The term “anywhere” is not used in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) questionnaire; students were simply asked how many times in the past 12 months they had been in a physical fight. In the question asking students about physical fights at school, “on school property” was not defined for respondents.

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), 2019. See Digest of Education Statistics 2020, table 231.10.

In 2019, the percentages of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight anywhere during the previous 12 months were higher for 9th-graders (26 percent) and 10th-graders (23 percent) than for 11th-graders (20 percent) and 12th-graders (18 percent). Similarly, higher percentages of 9th-graders (11 percent) and 10th-graders (8 percent) than of 11th-graders and 12th-graders (6 percent each) reported having been in a physical fight on school property in 2019. In addition, the percentage of students who reported having been in a physical fight on school property was higher for 9th-graders than for 10th-graders. [Grade level/Student level]
Figure 4. Percentage of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight during the previous 12 months, by number of times and location: 2019
Hover, click, and tap to see more for all figures on this page.
Users can select any combination of available years and categories in any figure format (i.e., bar or table). The initial selection of years and categories may not be optimal in different views.
Bar | Table
A confidence interval is a range of values that describes the uncertainty surrounding an estimate. Throughout the Condition of Education, confidence intervals are calculated as the estimate +/- the margin of error, based on a 95 percent level of confidence. This means that there is 95 percent certainty that the range includes the true or actual value of the statistic.
Confidence Interval
Bar | Table
Users can select years at irregular intervals. However, as a result, the distance between the data points will not be proportional to the number of years between them.
X
Embed this figure

NOTE: To estimate the margin of error, the standard error is scaled based on the desired level of confidence in the estimate. Throughout the Condition of Education, margins of error are produced based on a 95 percent level of confidence. Margin of error is calculated as 1.96*standard error. The term “anywhere” is not used in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) questionnaire; students were simply asked how many times in the past 12 months they had been in a physical fight. In the question asking students about physical fights at school, “on school property” was not defined for respondents. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), 2019. See Digest of Education Statistics 2020, table 231.20.

Students in grades 9–12 were also asked how many times they had been in a physical fight, both anywhere and on school property, during the previous 12 months. In 2019, about 17 percent of students in these grades reported having been in a physical fight anywhere 1 to 3 times, 3 percent reported having been in a physical fight anywhere 4 to 11 times, and 1 percent reported having been in a physical fight anywhere 12 or more times. When students in these grades were asked about physical fights on school property, 7 percent reported having been in a physical fight on school property 1 to 3 times, and 1 percent each reported having been in a physical fight on school property 4 to 11 times and 12 or more times. [Other]

1 “Anywhere” includes fights that occurred on school property. The term “anywhere” is not used in the YRBSS; students were simply asked how many times in the past 12 months they had been in a physical fight. In the question asking students about physical fights at school, “on school property” was not defined for respondents.

2 U.S. total data are representative of all public and private school students in grades 9–12 in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. U.S. total data were collected through a separate national survey rather than being aggregated from state-level data. All discussions this indicator, except those at the state level, are based on data from the national survey.

3 In 2019, state-level data on the percentage of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight anywhere were available for 34 states and the District of Columbia (for detailed information by state, see the table on physical fighting anywhere for all locations in the YRBSS Youth Online Data Analysis Tool).

4 State-level data on the percentage of students in grades 9–12 who reported having been in a physical fight on school property were also available for 34 states and the District of Columbia (for detailed information by state, see the table on physical fighting on school property for all locations in the YRBSS Youth Online Data Analysis Tool). The group of states with available information on fights on school property was not the exact same group of states with available information on fights anywhere.

5 In this indicator, students who identified as “gay or lesbian” or “bisexual” are analyzed together as the “gay, lesbian, or bisexual” group. Students were not asked whether they identified as transgender in the YRBSS.

Supplemental Information

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Table 231.10 (Digest 2020): Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported having been in a physical fight at least one time during the previous 12 months, by location and selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1993 through 2019;
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Table 231.20 (Digest 2020): Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12, by number of times they reported having been in a physical fight anywhere or on school property during the previous 12 months and selected student characteristics: 2019
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On school property Physical attack or fight Private school Public school or institution Racial/ethnic group Sexual identity (Youth Risk Behavior Survey System)
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Previous versions of this indicator available in the Indicators of School Crime and Safety reports.
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Suggested Citation

National Center for Education Statistics. (2022). Physical Fights on School Property and Anywhere. Condition of Education. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved [date], from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/a12.
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