Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten participating in various weekly nonparental care arrangements, by child and family characteristics: 2012

Characteristic	No weekly non-parental care arrangement	One weekly non-parental care arrangement	More than one weekly non-parental care arrangement	Among children with at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement
Characteristic	No weekly non-parental care arrangement	One weekly non-parental care arrangement	More than one weekly non-parental care arrangement	One weekly non-parental care arrangement	More than one weekly non-parental care arrangement
Total	40	44	17	72	28
Child’s age
Less than one year	54	36	10	79	21
1–2 years	46	40	14	75	25
3–5 years	24	51	24	68	32
Child’s sex
Male.	39	44	17	72	28
Female	40	43	17	72	28
Child’s race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	38	45	16	74	26
Black, non-Hispanic	31	47	22	68	32
Hispanic	45	39	16	70	30
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	46	41	13	76	24
Other race, non-Hispanic¹	42	42	16	73	27
Family type
Two parents or guardians	42	44	15	75	25
One parent or guardian	33	43	24	64	36
Language spoken most at home by parents/guardians²
Both/only parent(s)/guardian(s) speak(s) English	37	45	17	72	28
One of two parents/guardians speaks English	53	32	15	67	33
No parent/guardian speaks English	52	35	14	71	29
Highest education level of parents/guardians
Less than high school	55	30	14	68	32
High school/GED	47	38	15	71	29
Vocational/technical or some college	40	42	17	71	29
Bachelor’s degree	33	50	17	75	25
Graduate or professional degree	27	53	20	73	27
Labor force status of parents/guardians³
Two-parent/guardian family
Both full time	12	65	24	73	27
One full time, one part time	22	57	21	74	26
One full time, one not in labor force	67	27	7	80	20
Other	57	32	11	74	26
Single-parent/guardian family
Full time	17	54	29	65	35
Part time	23	51	26	66	34
Not in the labor force	56	26	18	59	41
Looking for work	47	33	20	62	38
School enrollment status of parents/guardians
Both/only enrolled	26	45	28	61	39
Both/only not enrolled	41	43	16	73	27
One enrolled, one not enrolled	38	45	18	72	28
Region
Northeast	33	49	17	74	26
South	39	43	17	71	29
Midwest.	39	44	17	72	28
West.	45	40	16	72	28
Household income
$20,000 or less	52	32	16	67	33
$20,001–$50,000	47	39	14	73	27
$50,001–$75,000	39	46	15	75	25
$75,001–$100,000	28	51	21	71	29
$100,001 or more	27	53	20	72	28
Poverty status⁴
At or above poverty threshold	35	47	18	73	27
Below poverty threshold	53	32	15	69	31

¹ “Other race, non-Hispanic” includes children who are multiracial and not of Hispanic ethnicity; who are American Indian or Alaska Native; and who are not Hispanic, White, Black, Asian, or Pacific Islander. These groups are not shown separately because the sample sizes do not support stable estimates. Those reported as Asian and Pacific Islander who are not Hispanic are included in the "Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic" group.
² Complete descriptions of the categories for language spoken most at home by parents/guardians are as follows: (1) Both parents/guardians or the only parent/guardian learned English first or currently speak(s) English in the home, (2) One of two parents/guardians in a two-parent/guardian household learned English first or currently speaks English in the home, and (3) No parent/guardian learned English first and both parents/guardians or the only parent/guardian currently speak(s) a non-English language in the home.
³ Full-time employment is defined as working 35 hours or more per week. Part-time employment is defined as working less than 35 hours per week.
⁴ Children are considered poor if living in households with incomes below the poverty threshold, which is a dollar amount determined by the federal government to meet the household’s needs, given its size and composition. Income is collected in categories in the survey, rather than as an exact amount, and therefore the poverty measures used in this report are approximations of poverty.
NOTE: Estimates include children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten. Nonparental care is defined as child care provided by a nonparent relative, nonrelative, or child care center on a regular basis at least once a week. Care can be provided in the child's home, in another home, or in a child care facility. Multiple nonparental care arrangements include more than one regular arrangement of the same type (e.g., multiple arrangements with different relative caregivers) and arrangements of different types (e.g., a relative arrangement and a center-based care arrangement).
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the 2012 National Household Education Surveys Program (ECPP-NHES:2012).