​NAEP Technical DocumentationQuality Control on Weighting Procedures

			Final Participation, Exclusion, and Accommodation Rates Nonresponse Bias Analyses

Given the complexity of the weighting procedures utilized in NAEP, a range of quality control (QC) checks was conducted throughout the weighting process to identify potential problems with collected student-level demographic data or with specific weighting procedures. The QC processes included:

• checks performed within each step of the weighting process;

• checks performed across adjacent steps of the weighting process;

• review of participation, exclusion, and accommodation rates;
  

• checks of demographic data of individual schools and students;

• comparisons with 2019 demographic data (or 2020 demographic data in the case of long-term trend [LTT]); and
  

• nonresponse bias analyses.

To validate the weighting process, extensive tabulations of various school and student characteristics at different stages of the process were conducted. The school-level characteristics included in the tabulations were racial/ethnic enrollment, median income (based on the school ZIP code area), and urban-centric locale. At the student level, the tabulations included race/ethnicity, gender, relative age, student disability (SD) status, English learner (EL) status, and participation status in National School Lunch Program (NSLP).

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