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The eighth-grade private school samples for the national assessments in civics and U.S. history were designed to produce nationally representative samples of students enrolled in grade eight in private schools in the United States. The target sample sizes of assessed students for the grade eight private school sample was 1,600 (800 per subject). Prior to sampling, the target sample sizes were adjusted upward to offset expected school and student attrition due to nonresponse and ineligibility.
Samples were selected using a two-stage probability-based design that involved selection of schools from within strata and selection of students within schools. The first-stage sample of schools was selected with probability proportional to a measure of size based on estimated grade-specific enrollment in the schools.
The sampling of students at the second-stage involved two steps: (1) sampling of students in the targeted grade (eighth) from each sampled school, (2) assignment of assessment subject (civics or U.S. history) to the sampled students.