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Number of Items by Severity of Differential Item Functioning (DIF), Reading Long-Term Trend National Assessment: 2022/2023
For dichotomously scored items, NAEP categorizes each item into one of three categories: "A" (items exhibiting no DIF), "B" (items exhibiting a weak indication of DIF), or "C" (items exhibiting a strong indication of DIF). A plus sign (+) indicates that items are differentially easier for the focal group (female, Black, or Hispanic students) than for the reference group (male or White students) after making an adjustment for the overall level of proficiency of the two groups. A minus sign (-) indicates that items are differentially more difficult for the focal group than for the reference group. For polytomously scored items, NAEP categorizes items into "AA," "BB," or "CC" categories and the plus or minus sign has the same interpretation as for dichotomously scored items. After reviewing "C" and "CC" items, subject area specialists decided that no items were biased, so none were deleted from the scale for this reason.
Number of dichotomously scored items, reading long-term trend national assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) group, age, and DIF category: 2022
DIF category
Female/Male
Black/White
Hispanic/White
This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions). In 2022/2023, age 17 was not assessed.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2022 Reading Long-Term Trend Assessment.
Age 9
C-
0
0
0
B-
1
3
4
A
71
70
68
B+
3
1
3
C+
0
1
0
Number of dichotomously scored items, reading long-term trend national assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) group, age, and DIF category: 2023
DIF category
Female/Male
Black/White
Hispanic/White
This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions). In 2022/2023, age 17 was not assessed.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2023 Reading Long-Term Trend Assessment.
Age 13
C-
1
0
0
B-
3
1
2
A
83
79
76
B+
2
9
9
C+
0
0
2
Number of polytomously scored items, reading long-term trend national assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) group, age, and DIF category: 2022
DIF category
Female/Male
Black/White
Hispanic/White
This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions). In 2022/2023, age 17 was not assessed.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2022 Reading Long-Term Trend Assessment.
Age 9
CC-
0
0
0
BB-
0
0
0
AA
3
3
3
BB+
0
0
0
CC+
0
0
0
Number of polytomously scored items, reading long-term trend national assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) group, age, and DIF category: 2023
DIF category
Female/Male
Black/White
Hispanic/White
This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions). In 2022/2023, age 17 was not assessed.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2023 Reading Long-Term Trend Assessment.
Age 13
CC-
0
0
0
BB-
0
0
0
AA
5
6
6
BB+
1
0
0
CC+
0
0
0
Items identified as "C" items in at least one comparison, reading long-term trend national assessment, by age and block: 2022
Block
Item
Comparison
Group favored
No "CC" items were identified. In 2022/2023, age 17 was not assessed.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2022 Reading Long-Term Trend Assessment.
Age 9
R6
N022704
Black/White
Black
Items identified as "C" items in at least one comparison, reading long-term trend national assessment, by age and block: 2023
Block
Item
Comparison
Group favored
No "CC" items were identified. In 2022/2023, age 17 was not assessed.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2023 Reading Long-Term Trend Assessment.
