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Number of Items by Severity of Differential Item Functioning (DIF), Reading Combined National and State Assessment: 2019
For dichotomously scored items, NAEP categorizes each item into one of three categories: "A" (items exhibiting no DIF), "B" (items exhibiting a weak indication of DIF), or "C" (items exhibiting a strong indication of DIF). A plus sign (+) indicates that items are differentially easier for the focal group (female, Black, or Hispanic students) than for the reference group (male or White students) after making an adjustment for the overall level of proficiency in the two groups. A minus sign (-) indicates that items are differentially more difficult for the focal group than for the reference group. For polytomously scored items, NAEP categorizes items into "AA," "BB," or "CC" categories and the plus or minus sign has the same interpretation as for dichotomously scored items. After reviewing "C" and "CC" items, subject area specialists decided that no items were biased, so none were deleted from the scale for this reason.
Number of dichotomously scored items, reading combined national and state assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) group, grade, and DIF category: 2019
DIF category
Female/Male
Black/White
Hispanic/White
This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions).
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019 Reading Assessment.
Grade 4
C-
0
0
0
B-
0
0
0
A
83
83
83
B+
0
0
0
C+
0
0
0
Grade 8
C-
1
0
0
B-
3
1
4
A
88
91
89
B+
1
1
0
C+
0
0
0
Number of dichotomously scored items, reading DBA national assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) group, grade, and DIF category: 2019
DIF category
Female/Male
Black/White
Hispanic/White
DBA = Digitally based assessment. This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions).
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019 Reading Assessment.
Grade 12
C-
3
0
1
B-
11
9
5
A
81
81
87
B+
0
5
2
C+
0
0
0
Number of dichotomously scored items, reading PBA national assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) group, grade, and DIF category: 2019
DIF category
Female/Male
Black/White
Hispanic/White
PBA = Paper-based assessment. This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions).
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019 Reading Assessment.
Grade 12
C-
4
1
2
B-
6
7
4
A
78
76
78
B+
1
4
5
C+
0
1
0
Number of polytomously scored items, reading combined national and state assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) group, grade, and DIF category: 2019
DIF category
Female/Male
Black/White
Hispanic/White
This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions).
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019 Reading Assessment.
Grade 4
CC-
0
0
0
BB-
0
0
0
AA
35
35
35
BB+
0
0
0
CC+
0
0
0
Grade 8
CC-
0
0
0
BB-
0
0
0
AA
54
54
56
BB+
2
2
0
CC+
0
0
0
Number of polytomously scored items, reading DBA national assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) group, grade, and DIF category: 2019
DIF category
Female/Male
Black/White
Hispanic/White
DBA = Digitally based assessment. This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions).
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019 Reading Assessment.
Grade 12
CC-
0
0
0
BB-
0
1
0
AA
51
50
50
BB+
2
2
3
CC+
0
0
0
Number of polytomously scored items, reading PBA national assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) group, grade, and DIF category: 2019
DIF category
Female/Male
Black/White
Hispanic/White
PBA = Paper-based assessment. This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions).
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019 Reading Assessment.
Grade 12
CC-
0
0
0
BB-
0
1
1
AA
40
39
42
BB+
3
3
0
CC+
0
0
0
Items identified as "C" items in at least one comparison, reading combined national and state assessment, by grade, block, and subscale: 2019
Block
Item
Subscale
Comparison
Group favored
No "CC" items were identified.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019 Reading Assessment.
Grade 8
R1
R059602
Literary
Female/Male
Male
Items identified as "C" items in at least one comparison, reading DBA national assessment, by grade, block, and subscale: 2019
Block
Item
Subscale
Comparison
Group favored
DBA = Digitally based assessment. No "CC" items were identified.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019 Reading Assessment.
Grade 12
R1
R059602
Literary
Female/Male
Male
R7
R062204
Informational
Female/Male
Male
R12
R093104
Informational
Female/Male, Hispanic/White
Male, White
Items identified as "C" items in at least one comparison, reading PBA national assessment, by grade, block, and subscale: 2019
Block
Item
Subscale
Comparison
Group favored
PBA = Paper-based assessment. No "CC" items were identified.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019 Reading Assessment.
