​​​​NAEP Technical DocumentationMathematics Assessment Estimation Variables for 2019

Variables used in the population-structure model for the 2019 mathematics assessment are listed below. The same population-structure model was used for both the digitally based (DBA) and paper-based (PBA) versions of the assessment. All of the variables below are included as main effects.

Each main effect listed in this section was paired with every other main effect in this section to examine interactions:

  • ACCOM2 – Accommodated. Three levels: Accommodated, Not accommodated and Excluded, and Missing.
  • CENSREG – Region of the country as defined by U.S. Census. Five levels: Northeast, Midwest, South, West, and Missing.
  • CHRTRPT – School identified as charter school (national public). Three levels: Charter school, Not a charter school, and Missing.
  • DSEX – School-reported gender. Three levels: Male, Female, and Missing.
  • IEP – Whether student is classified as having a disability. Four levels: Student with disability (has IEP or 504 plan), Not student with disability, Omitted, and Missing.
  • LEP – Whether student is classified as English learner. Four levels: English learner, Not English learner, Omitted, and Missing.
  • LRGCITY (grades 4 and 8 only) – Large city for urban district comparison (TUDA) indicator. Three levels: Yes, No, and Missing.
  • PARED (grades 8 and 12 only) – Highest level of education achieved by either parent. Eight levels: Did not finish high school, Graduated high school, Some education after high school, Graduated college, I don't know, Omitted, Multiple, and Missing.
  • SCHTYPE – Type of school. Six levels: Public, Catholic, Other private, Bureau of Indian Education, Department of Defense, and Missing.
  • SLUNCH1 – National School Lunch Program eligibility. Four levels: Eligible, Not eligible, Information not available, and Missing.
  • SRACE10 – School-reported race/ethnicity. Eight levels: White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, Two or more races (not Hispanic), and Missing.
  • TUAFLG4 (grades 4 and 8 only) – Trial urban assessment (TUDA) sample indicator for 2019. Six levels: First TUDA in state, Second TUDA in state, Third TUDA in state, Fourth TUDA in state, Not a TUDA, and Missing.
  • UTOL4 – School location. Six levels: City, Suburb, Town, Rural, Omitted, and Missing.

At grade 12 only, the main effects listed in this section were used to examine interactions with UTOL4:

  • SMACT12 – Number of math activities offered by school. Six levels: 0 activities, 1 or 2 activities, 3 or 4 activities, 5 or 6 activities, Omitted, and Missing.
  • APIBMAT - Taking or took AP Calculus or Statistics course and/or IB (International Baccalaureate) mathematics course. Six levels: Both AP and IB, AP courses only, IB course only, Neither AP nor IB, Omitted, and Missing.

At grade 12 only, the main effects listed in this section were used to examine interactions with DSEX and SRACE10:

  • COLL2YR – Student applied or accepted to two-year college. Six levels: Accepted to two-year college, Applied to two-year college, Neither, Omitted, Multiple, and Missing.
  • COLL4YR – Student applied or accepted to four-year college. Six levels: Accepted to four-year college, Applied to four-year college, Neither, Omitted, Multiple, and Missing.
  • MATCRST – Highest math course taken in high school. Seven levels: Calculus, Precalculus, Trigonometry/Algebra II, Geometry, Algebra I or less, Omitted, and Missing.

At grade 12 only, the main effect listed in this section was used to examine interactions with SLUNCH1 and UTOL4:

  • NDEVTYP – Number of device types available for student use (desktop, laptop, tablet). Five levels: 0 devices, 1 device, 2 devices, 3 devices, and Missing.

Variables used for main effects only:

  • Additional Accommodations Variables – Each of the following variables is scored as Yes or Missing: Bilingual dictionary, Bilingual test form, Braille presentation, Breaks, Calculator, Color contrast (grade 12 only), Computer/typewriter to respond (grade 12 only), Cue to stay on task, Directions read aloud in English (grade 12 only), Directions read aloud in Spanish (grade 12 only), Directions translated to Spanish (grades 4 and 8 only), Extended time, Hearing impaired version of test, Large print test booklet (grade 12 only), Low mobility version of test, Magnification device, One-on-one (grade 12 only), Other, Preferential seating, Read aloud in English [all] (grade 12 only), Read aloud in English [occasional] (grade 12 only), School staff administers, Scribe, Separate session, Sign Language directions, Sign Language presentation, Sign Language response, Small group (grade 12 only), Special equipment, and Template.
  • Additional Student Disability Classification Variables – Each of the following variables is scored as Yes or Missing: Autism, Brain injury, Developmental delay, Emotional disturbance, Hearing impairment, Intellectual disability, Other health disability, Orthopedic impairment, Specific learning disability, Speech impairment, and Visual impairment.
  • CENSDIV – Census division. Ten levels: New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Missing.
  • DRACE10 – Student-reported race/ethnicity. Eight levels: White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, Two or more races (not Hispanic), and Missing.
  • EL – Status as English learner (EL). Four levels: Yes, No, Formerly EL, and Missing.
  • FIPS (grades 4 and 8 only) – Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) state code. Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Canal Zone, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, D.C., Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, DoDEA/DoDDS (overseas), American Samoa, DoDEA/DDESS (domestic), Guam, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, DoDEA (combined), DoDDS (domestic), and DoDDS (overseas).
  • HISPYES – Hispanic. Four levels: Yes, No, Omitted, and Missing.
  • MODAGE – Modal age of most students in sample. Four levels: Below modal age, At modal age, Above modal age, and Missing.
  • PCTWHTC – Percentage of White students. Seven levels: 0%, 1–5%, 6–25%, 26–50%, 51% or more, Omitted, and Missing.
  • PCTBLKC – Percentage of Black students. Seven levels: 0%, 1–5%, 6–25%, 26–50%, 51% or more, Omitted, and Missing.
  • PCTHSPC – Percentage of Hispanic students. Seven levels: 0%, 1–5%, 6–25%, 26–50%, 51% or more, Omitted, and Missing.
  • PCTASNC – Percentage of Asian students. Seven levels: 0%, 1–5%, 6–25%, 26–50%, 51% or more, Omitted, and Missing.
  • PCTHPIC – Percentage of Hawaiian/Pacific Islander students. Seven levels: 0%, 1–5%, 6–25%, 26–50%, 51% or more, Omitted, and Missing.
  • PCTINDC – Percentage of American Indian students. Seven levels: 0%, 1–5%, 6–25%, 26–50%, 51% or more, Omitted, and Missing.
  • PCT2MRC – Percentage of students of Two or more races. Seven levels: 0%, 1–5%, 6–25%, 26–50%, 51% or more, Omitted, and Missing.
  • SD3 – Whether student has an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). Five levels: Has an IEP, Has a 504 plan, Does not have an IEP, Not SD/EL but accommodated (grades 4 and 8 only), and Missing.
  • SENROL4 (grade 4 only) – School enrollment. Six levels: 1–299 students, 300–499 students, 500–699 students, 700 or more students, Omitted, and Missing.
  • SENROL8 (grade 8 only) – School enrollment. Seven levels: 1–399 students, 400–599 students, 600–799 students, 800–999 students, 1,000 or more students, Omitted, and Missing.
  • SENRL12 (grade 12 only) – School enrollment. Seven levels: 1–499 students, 500–999 students, 1,000–1,499 students, 1,500–1,999 students, 2,000 or more students, Omitted, and Missing.
  • SLUNCH – National School Lunch Program eligibility. Seven levels: Not eligible, Eligible for reduced-price lunch, Eligible for free lunch, Information not available, School refused to provide information, Not participating, and Missing.
  • UTOL12 – School location. Fourteen levels: Large city, Midsize city, Small city, Large suburb, Midsize suburb, Small suburb, Fringe town, Distant town, Remote town, Fringe rural, Distant rural, Remote rural, Omitted, and Missing.


Variables obtained from survey questionnaires and used for main effects only:


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Last updated 09 January 2024 (PG)
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