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NAEP Analysis and ScalingEstimation of Population and Student Group DistributionsExamining the Population-Structure Models Used in NAEPProportion of Variance Accounted for by Principal Components Used in NAEP Population-Structure Models → Proportion of Variance of the Group-Defining Contrasts Accounted for by the Principal Components Used in the Population-Structure Model, Grade 8 Reading Combined National and State Assessment, by Type of Contrast: 2017

NAEP Technical DocumentationProportion of Variance of the Group-Defining Contrasts Accounted for by the Principal Components Used in the Population-Structure Model, Grade 8 Reading Combined National and State Assessment, by Type of Contrast: 2017

Proportion of variance of the group-defining contrasts accounted for by the principal components used in the population-structure model, grade 8 reading combined national and state assessment, by type of contrast: 2017
Type of contrast
Number of contrastsMeanMinimumMaximum
Number of contrasts by proportion of variance explained1
.00 - .70.70 - .80.80 - .90.90 - .95.95 - 1.00
All contrasts
1741
.90.621.0014
96658
599
374
Student questionnaire440
.92
.72
.99013
103
185
139
Major reporting variables303
.89
.74
1.000
22
135
88
58
Interactions between reporting variables
268
.89
.62.9813
14
88
116
37
Teacher questionnaire404
.90.71
.99020
172
110
102
School questionnaire295
.88
.73
.98019
154
94
28
SD/EL questionnaire31
.88
.70
.991
8
6
6
10
(Total Variance – Residual Variance) / Total Variance, where Total Variance consists of sampling, measurement, and other sources of error. 
NOTE: SD/EL = Students with disabilities/English learners.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2017 Reading Assessment.



Last updated 11 May 2022 (SK)