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For dichotomously scored items, NAEP categorizes each item into one of three categories: "A" (items exhibiting no DIF), "B" (items exhibiting a week indication of DIF), or "C" (items exhibiting a strong indication of DIF). A plus sign (+) indicates that items are differentially easier for the focal group (female, Black, or Hispanic students) than for the reference group (male or White students) after making an adjustment for the overall level of proficiency in the two groups; a minus sign (-) indicates that items are differentially more difficult for the focal group than for the reference group. For polytomously scored items, NAEP categorizes items into "AA", "BB" or "CC" categories and the plus or minus sign has the same interpretation as dichotomously scored items. After reviewing "C" and "CC" items, subject area specialists decided that no items were biased, so none were deleted from the scales for this reason.
Grade | DIF category1 | Female-male | Black-White | Hispanic-White |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | C- | 0 | 1 | 2 |
B- | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
A | 137 | 135 | 136 | |
B+ | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
C+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
8 | C- | 0 | 1 | 2 |
B- | 8 | 5 | 2 | |
A | 150 | 150 | 154 | |
B+ | 2 | 4 | 2 | |
C+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
1 Positive values of the index indicate items that are differentially easier for the focal group (e.g., Black students) than for the reference groups (e.g., White students). “A” means no indication of DIF, “B+” means a weak indication of DIF in favor of the focal group, “B-” means a weak indication of DIF in favor of the reference group, and “C+” or “C-” means a strong indication of DIF. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2003 Mathematics Assessment. |
Grade | DIF category1 | Female-male | Black-White | Hispanic-White |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | CC- | 0 | 0 | 0 |
BB- | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
AA | 38 | 36 | 38 | |
BB+ | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
CC+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
8 | CC- | 1 | 0 | 0 |
BB- | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
AA | 35 | 35 | 34 | |
BB+ | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
CC+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
1 Positive values of the index indicate items that are differentially easier for the focal group (e.g., Black students) than for the reference groups (e.g., White students). “AA” means no indication of DIF, “BB+” means a weak indication of DIF in favor of the focal group, “BB-” means a weak indication of DIF in favor of the reference group, and “CC+” or “CC-” means a strong indication of DIF. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2003 Mathematics Assessment. |
Grade | Block | Item | Scale | Category | Comparison | Group Favored |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | M6 | M020301 | Measurement | C | Black-White | White |
M9 | M039501 | Measurement | C | Hispanic-White | White | |
M10 | M042701 | Measurement | C | Hispanic-White | White | |
8 | M3 | M075601 | Measurement | CC | Black-White | White |
M6 | M020301 | Measurement | C | Black-White | White | |
M8 | M013331 | Measurement | C | Hispanic-White | White | |
M11 | M106101 | Number Sense | C | Hispanic-White | White | |
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2003 Mathematics Assessment. |