NOTE: GDP = Gross domestic product. The validation states are Alabama, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, and North Carolina. Validation states are those U.S. states that participated in the 2011 TIMSS assessment at the state level. Results for the United States and the validation states are based on actual results from the TIMSS assessment, while results for all other states are predicted TIMSS results. The results for all states and the U.S. include public schools only. See more information about the NAEP TIMSS Study. DoDEA = Department of Defense Education Activity (overseas and domestic schools). Hong Kong SAR is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China.
SOURCE: TIMSS 2011 Encyclopedia: Education Policy and Curriculum in Mathematics and Science (Volume 1); and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics 2010. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2011 Mathematics Assessment, 2011 Science Assessment; and International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2011.