National Center for Education Statistics

Amount and percentage distribution of revenues and expenses at Title IV institutions and administrative offices, by level and control of institution or administrative office, accounting standards utilized, source of funds and type of expense: United States, fiscal year 2016
Source of funds and type of expense		4-year			2-year			Less-than-2-year
		Revenues or expenses (in thousands)	Percent		Revenues or expenses (in thousands)	Percent		Revenues or expenses (in thousands)	Percent
		Public institutions (GASB standards1)
Total revenues and investment return		$296,983,424	100.0		$56,207,449	100.0		$798,240	100.0
Operating revenues		194,677,398	65.6		15,587,128	27.7		306,962	38.5
Tuition and fees (net of allowances and discounts)		64,003,686	21.6		9,159,424	16.3		153,966	19.3
Grants and contracts		42,695,173	14.4		3,925,514	7.0		110,532	13.8
Federal (excludes FDSL loans)		24,753,011	8.3		1,587,764	2.8		23,355	2.9
State		5,800,937	2.0		1,818,527	3.2		57,585	7.2
Local		1,812,481	0.6		283,321	0.5		28,373	3.6
Private		10,328,744	3.5		235,902	0.4		1,219	0.2
Sales and services of auxiliary enterprises after deducting discounts and allowances		25,134,379	8.5		1,598,387	2.8		—	—
Sales and services of hospitals		42,211,593	14.2		0	0		—	—
Sales and services of educational activities		9,491,761	3.2		158,957	0.3		5,538	0.7
Independent operations		1,504,142	0.5		0	0		—	—
Other operating revenues		9,636,663	3.2		744,846	1.3		36,925	4.6
Nonoperating revenues		86,161,016	29		37,965,570	67.5		446,261	55.9
Appropriations		54,963,538	18.5		25,647,251	45.6		336,549	42.2
Federal		1,591,969	0.5		49,955	0.1		12,171	1.5
State		52,321,187	17.6		14,283,521	25.4		175,129	21.9
Local		1,050,382	0.4		11,313,775	20.1		149,248	18.7
Nonoperating grants		14,736,561	5.0		11,125,010	19.8		93,651	11.7
Federal		11,522,288	3.9		9,042,230	16.1		82,671	10.4
State		3,008,676	1		1,870,272	3.3		9,889	1.2
Local		205,597	0.1		212,509	0.4		1,090	0.1
Gifts		7,856,486	2.6		284,653	0.5		6,357	0.8
Investment income		3,937,626	1.3		155,754	0.3		1,698	0.2
Other nonoperating revenues		4,666,805	1.6		752,902	1.3		8,007	1
Total other revenues and additions2		16,145,010	5.4		2,654,750	4.7		45,016	5.6
Capital appropriations		4,742,620	1.6		1,724,744	3.1		—	—
Capital grants and gifts		3,482,369	1.2		298,979	0.5		—	—
Additions to permanent endowments		1,117,698	0.4		12,361	#		—	—
Other revenues and additions		6,802,323	2.3		618,668	1.1		—	—
Total expenses		$289,582,547	100.0		$54,102,814	100.0		$698,492	100.0
Instruction		83,125,326	28.7		22,632,956	41.8		362,584	51.9
Research		34,281,890	11.8		26,178	#		0	#
Public service		13,718,090	4.7		805,310	1.5		2,893	0.4
Academic support		24,042,763	8.3		4,721,436	8.7		57,382	8.2
Student services		13,976,300	4.8		5,875,337	10.9		60,156	8.6
Institutional support		24,841,509	8.6		8,947,953	16.5		127,426	18.2
Scholarships and fellowships (excluding discounts and allowances)		10,384,731	3.6		5,162,939	9.5		20,103	2.9
Auxiliary enterprises		28,387,481	9.8		2,233,617	4.1		—	—
Hospital services		41,431,492	14.3		0	0		—	—
Independent operations		1,658,039	0.6		0	0		—	—
Other expenses and deductions		13,734,925	4.7		3,697,088	6.8		67,948	9.7
		Private nonprofit institutions (FASB standards)
Total revenues and investment return		$181,736,982	100.0		$958,983	100.0		$170,499	100.0
Tuition and fees		71,428,021	39.3		744,650	77.6		118,062	69.2
Government appropriations		1,082,690	0.6		14,314	1.5		599	0.4
Federal		467,786	0.3		11,595	1.2		481	0.3
State		613,273	0.3		2,106	0.2		119	0.1
Local		1,630	#		613	0.1		0	0
Government grants and contracts		17,837,545	9.8		48,558	5.1		28,691	16.8
Federal		16,296,791	9		41,659	4.3		24,118	14.1
State		1,014,234	0.6		6,392	0.7		3,839	2.3
Local		526,520	0.3		507	0.1		733	0.4
Private gifts		20,959,929	11.5		28,733	3.0		2,191	1.3
Private grants and contracts		5,817,264	3.2		3,828	0.4		5,801	3.4
Contributions from affiliated entities		1,808,478	1		28,134	2.9		1,016	0.6
Investment return		-2,736,397	-1.5		1,327	0.1		441	0.3
Sales and services of educational activities		7,037,658	3.9		8,749	0.9		3,930	2.3
Sales and services of auxiliary enterprises		17,562,236	9.7		46,058	4.8		—	—
Hospital revenue		24,107,516	13.3		0	0		—	—
Independent operations revenue		6,663,440	3.7		0	0		—	—
Other revenue3		10,168,604	5.6		34,632	3.6		9,769	5.7
Total expenses		$187,836,845	100.0		$987,756	100.0		$188,390	100.0
Instruction		59,968,097	31.9		333,226	33.7		81,270	43.1
Research		18,386,002	9.8		967	0.1		0	0
Public service		2,728,006	1.5		2,336	0.2		370	0.2
Academic support		15,907,521	8.5		114,215	11.6		25,383	13.5
Student services		15,846,763	8.4		223,458	22.6		16,893	9
Institutional support		24,655,869	13.1		204,158	20.7		33,783	17.9
Net grant aid to students		910,710	0.5		3,591	0.4		236	0.1
Auxiliary enterprises		16,684,252	8.9		39,660	4		—	—
Hospital services		21,267,887	11.3		0	0		—	—
Independent operations		6,192,792	3.3		0	0		—	—
Other expenses		5,288,945	2.8		66,145	6.7		30,454	16.2
		Private for-profit institutions (FASB standards)
Total revenues and investment return		$13,575,294	100.0		$4,300,477	100.0		$2,928,356	100.0
Tuition and fees		12,376,301	91.2		3,849,328	89.5		2,527,757	86.3
Government appropriations		8,635	0.1		41,169	1		17,482	0.6
Federal		5,571	#		41,029	1		17,017	0.6
State		2,396	#		33	#		308	#
Local		668	#		107	#		157	#
Government grants and contracts		542,861	4.0		179,628	4.2		63,807	2.2
Federal (excludes FDSL loans)		513,828	3.8		164,706	3.8		60,119	2.1
State		28,843	0.2		13,820	0.3		1,644	0.1
Local		190	#		1,102	#		2,044	0.1
Private gifts, grants and contracts		13,708	0.1		1,521	#		2,136	0.1
Investment income and investment gains (losses)		21,959	0.2		6,886	0.2		7,606	0.3
Sales and services of educational activities		151,174	1.1		83,240	1.9		195,109	6.7
Sales and services of auxiliary enterprises		255,030	1.9		57,136	1.3		—	—
Hospital revenue		127	#		0	0		—	—
Other revenue3		205,500	1.5		81,569	1.9		114,459	3.9
Total expenses		$12,564,815	100.0		$4,236,507	100.0		$2,626,161	100.0
Instruction		3,199,028	25.5		1,299,380	30.7		1,018,183	38.8
Research		3,557	#		682	#		1,832	0.1
Public service		11,932	0.1		2,160	0.1		3,003	0.1
Academic support		1,391,917	11.1		411,834	9.7		223,981	8.5
Student services		2,526,613	20.1		718,496	17		317,536	12.1
Institutional support		4,280,889	34.1		1,186,560	28		712,048	27.1
Net grant aid to students		22,834	0.2		3,728	0.1		7,158	0.3
Auxiliary enterprises		323,247	2.6		75,863	1.8		—	—
Hospital services		63	#		0	0		—	—
Other expenses		804,733	6.4		537,803	12.7		342,419	13.0

— Not available. Non-degree-granting institutions and administrative offices do not separately report these categories.

# Rounds to zero.

1In addition to the public institutions using Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) standards, 17 public institutions (0.9 percent of public institutions) not displayed in this table reported $11.8 billion in revenue and investment return and $11.7 billion in expenses using Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standards.

2Non-degree-granting institutions report the total other revenues and additions, but not the details. As a result, the details will not sum to the total.

3Other revenue is a calculated value and may be negative if the total revenue and investment return reported is less than the sum of the reported data in the detail revenues and investment return categories.

NOTE: Title IV institutions are those with a written agreement with the U.S. Department of Education that allows the institution to participate in any of the Title IV federal student financial assistance programs. The four U.S. service academies that are not Title IV eligible are included in the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) universe because they are federally funded and open to the public. Percentages in the columns of this table use the corresponding dollar amount in the appropriate total row of each section as the denominator. Due to differences between GASB standards and FASB standards, figures from public institutions are not comparable with figures from private institutions, even in categories with identical labels. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Definitions for terms used in this table may be found in the IPEDS online glossary located at https://surveys.nces.ed.gov/ipeds/VisGlossaryAll.aspx.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS, Spring 2017, Finance component (final data).